2020年高考英語外刊時(shí)事命題閱讀理解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上The Dutch boy mopping up a sea of plastic荷蘭男子制造“海洋吸塵器”清理海洋塑料垃圾“When I was 16 years old, I was scuba diving (水肺潛水) in Greece, but I was disappointed because I saw more plastic bags than fish.” These are the words of Boyan Slat, 25, an engineer who designed the worlds first ocean plastic

2、cleanup system.Every year, more than 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans, according to the UN Environment Programme. Every day, plastic items, fishing equipment, and ship parts are dumped (傾倒) into the seas. These can take up to 500 years to decompose (分解) .If left alone, sea animals beco

3、me entangled (纏繞的) in them and can even die if the plastics are ingested (攝入). Worse, humans can be affected when these plastics break down. “Smaller pieces enter the food chain, and thats a food chain that includes us humans,” Slat said. In 2018, the World Economic Forum predicted that the weight o

4、f ocean plastics will match the weight of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. To prevent this grim (令人沮喪的) reality, Slat created The Ocean Cleanup, an environmental NGO, in 2013 and put his plan for an ocean plastic cleanup device (設(shè)備) into action.After years of research and development in the Nethe

5、rlands, a device called System 001/B successfully started gathering plastic on Oct 2, 2019. The device uses a 600-meter-long “C” shaped tube to gather all the floating debris (垃圾). Unlike other cleanup methods, the system floats freely according to the direction of the waves, which allows waste to f

6、low into and stay within the device.A sea anchor (錨) is attached to either end. This slows down the system as it floats through the water and allows the faster-moving rubbish, carried by the waves, to flow into its mouth. System 001/B can also collect waste below the surface using a 3-meter-deep ski

7、rt (擋板) attached to the end. After being gathered, the trash will be dragged back to shore by boat and recycled.In a news conference, Slat said, “In a few years we will have the full-scale fleet (艦隊(duì)) out there.”Currently, the system operates in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, an area that is three

8、times the size of France. Once operational, the Ocean Cleanup expects a full fleet to be able to clear 50 percent of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in five years.It remains to be seen if this dream will become a reality, but it is undeniable that humanity must work together to reduce our plastic us

9、e and repair the damage our waste has caused.“We are starting to see a young generation that gets that and is excited about a sustainable (可持續(xù)的) future, but the question still comes down to: Are we going fast enough, and how much damage will have been done before we get there?” Slat said.（節(jié)選自Telegra

10、ph）1. What do the first four paragraphs mainly talk about?A. Slats scuba diving experiences in Greece.B. Slats research on ocean environments. C. How ocean environment relates to humans. D. How Slat got the idea for an environmental NGO.2. What do we know about System 001/B?A. Its a cleanup device p

11、ut into use last October. B. It collects and recycles garbage at the same time.C. It can only collect waste that floats in water.D. It aims to clear the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in a decade.3. What does Slat intend to tell us according to the last paragraph?A. He is positive about the future of t

12、he ocean. B. It is hard to repair the damage to the environment.C. Humans should work hard to reduce plastic pollution.D. The younger generation lacks environmental awareness.譯文：“當(dāng)我16歲的時(shí)候，我在希臘進(jìn)行水肺潛水，但我感到失望的是，因?yàn)槲铱吹降乃芰洗若~還要多?！边@就是25歲的博揚(yáng)斯拉特的話。第一個(gè)海洋塑料清理系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署的數(shù)據(jù)，每年有超過800萬噸的塑料最終進(jìn)入我們的海洋。每天，塑料物品，捕魚設(shè)備

13、和船舶零件都被傾倒入海。這些可能需要多達(dá)500年的時(shí)間才能分解。如果放任不管，海洋動(dòng)物就會(huì)糾纏在其中，甚至在攝入塑料的情況下也可能死亡。更糟糕的是，當(dāng)這些塑料分解時(shí)，人類會(huì)受到影響。斯拉特說：“更小的零件進(jìn)入了食物鏈，這就是包括我們?nèi)祟愒趦?nèi)的食物鏈?！?在2018年，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇預(yù)測(cè)，到2050年，海洋塑料的重量將與我們海洋中所有魚類的重量相匹配。為防止這種令人沮喪的現(xiàn)實(shí)，Slat創(chuàng)立了環(huán)保非政府組織The Ocean Cleanup，在2013年將他的海洋塑料清理裝置（設(shè)備）計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)施。在荷蘭進(jìn)行了多年的研發(fā)之后，一種名為System 001 / B的設(shè)備于2019年10月2日成功開始收集

14、塑料。該設(shè)備使用600米長(zhǎng)的“ C”形管收集所有漂浮的垃圾（垃圾）。 與其他清理方法不同，系統(tǒng)會(huì)根據(jù)波浪的方向自由漂浮，從而使廢物流入并留在設(shè)備中。一個(gè)海錨附接到任一端。當(dāng)系統(tǒng)漂浮在水中時(shí)，這會(huì)減慢系統(tǒng)的速度，并允許波浪攜帶的移動(dòng)速度更快的垃圾流入其嘴中。系統(tǒng)001 / B還可以使用附著在末端的3米深裙邊（擋板）收集表面以下的廢物。收集后，垃圾將通過船拖回岸上并進(jìn)行回收。斯拉特在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說：“幾年后，我們將擁有完整的艦隊(duì)。”目前，該系統(tǒng)在大太平洋垃圾場(chǎng)運(yùn)行，該區(qū)域的面積是法國(guó)的三倍。一旦投入使用，海洋清理工作預(yù)計(jì)整個(gè)船隊(duì)將能夠在五年內(nèi)清除大太平洋垃圾場(chǎng)的50。這個(gè)夢(mèng)想是否會(huì)成真還有待觀察，

15、但是不可否認(rèn)的是，人類必須共同努力減少塑料的使用并修復(fù)我們的廢物造成的破壞?！拔覀冮_始看到年輕的一代能夠做到這一點(diǎn)，并對(duì)可持續(xù)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展感到很棒，但問題仍然歸結(jié)為：我們的發(fā)展速度是否足夠快，以及在我們獲得成功之前將遭受多少損失？斯萊特說。 背景信息：The plastic we use every day ends up in three main ways in the oceans:Throwing plastic in the bin when it could be recycledPlastic you put in the bin ends up in a landfill (填

16、埋地). When transported to a landfill, plastic is often blown away because its so lightweight. LitteringLitter dropped on the street doesnt stay there. Rainwater and wind carry plastic waste into streams and rivers, and down drains (下水道). Drains lead to the ocean.Products that go down the drainMany of

17、 the products we use daily are flushed (沖) down toilets and sinks, then out into the ocean. 我們每天使用的塑料最終會(huì)以三種主要方式進(jìn)入海洋：可回收利用的塑料被扔進(jìn)垃圾箱中您放入垃圾箱中的塑料最終被填埋了。運(yùn)輸?shù)教盥駡?chǎng)時(shí)，塑料通常很輕便，因此經(jīng)常被吹走。 亂扔垃圾亂丟在大街上的垃圾不留在那里。雨水和風(fēng)將塑料廢物帶入溪流，河流和下水道。排水管通向大海。排入下水道的產(chǎn)品我們每天使用的許多產(chǎn)品都會(huì)沖掉馬桶和水槽的水，然后排入大海。單詞：affect v. 影響同義詞組：have an influence/effect on 辨析：effect n. 影響例句：The change in climate may affect your health.attach vt. 系上，貼上用法：attach sth to sth