初一英語學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(詳解版)終版.docx

1、初一英語學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 一、初一英語語法詞法1、名詞A）名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單 數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：）在后而加 s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes,三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如：baby-babies, 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加 So 如：day-days, boy-boys, t

2、oy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o結(jié)尾加s外來詞）。如：radios, photos,但如是輔音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西紅 柿，potatoes馬鈴薯五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變 f 為 v 再加 es（s） o 如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-eaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)-樣不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子，Chinese, Japanese七）般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有:people, pants, shorts,

3、shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既町以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察，class班，同學(xué),family 家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)那么同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚fishes魚的種類，paper紙papers報(bào)紙

4、，卷子，論文，work 工作works作品，工廠，glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡，orange桔子水oranges橙子，light 光線 lights 燈，people 人 peoples 民族,time 時(shí)間 times 時(shí)代，次數(shù)，chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一）單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或's。如：Is （I，s）, Ks （K，s）。但如是縮略 詞那么只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,polic

5、eman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下:一）單數(shù)在后面加So如：brother *s, Mike' s, teacher * s二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加'，二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加'，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers' Day教師節(jié)，classmates* ; Children' s教師節(jié)，classmates* ; Children' sDay 六一節(jié)，Women&

6、#39; s Day 三八節(jié)三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)$,但分別擁有時(shí)卻 分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and BenJ s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike' sand Ben' s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間） 2、代詞工程人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)Imemy minemyself復(fù)數(shù)WCusour oursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyour yoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyour yoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)sheher

7、her hersherselfhehimhis hishimselfititits its this thatitself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動(dòng)詞A）第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下：）般在詞后加 So 如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二在 x, sh, ch, s, Lch 后加 es° 如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的變

8、 y 為 i 再加 cs。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-trics2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB）現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后力口 ingo 如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch

9、-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不發(fā)音 e 的結(jié)尾的去掉 e 再加 ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+ -個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show - showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加 ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie結(jié)尾

10、的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于4、形容詞的級(jí)我們在對(duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)展比照時(shí)，那么要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：一般在詞后加er或est （如果是以e結(jié)尾那么直接加r或st）。如：greater-greatest, shorter-shortest, taller - tallest, longer - longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母（字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest）結(jié)尾 的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加 er /esto如:

11、big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三）以輔音字母+ y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 加 er/esto 如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest（more friendly most friendly）, busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：（兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn)）good/well - better bestmany/much - more

12、mostbad/ill - worse worstlittle- less leastold- oldcr/cldcr oldcst/cldcstfar- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞（基變序，有規(guī)那么：一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th； y結(jié)尾，變 為 i, eth 跟上去。）first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ni

13、nety-ninetieth二、初一英語語法句式陳述句肯定陳述句a) This is a book, (be動(dòng)詞)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)b) I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)c) There' s a computer on my desk. (There be 構(gòu)造)否認(rèn)陳述句 a) These aren' t their books, b) They don' t look nice.c) Kate doesn* t go to

14、 No. 4 Middle School, d) Kate can* t find her doll.e) There isn' t a cat here. (=There s no cat here.)祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let* s learn English!c) Come in, please.否認(rèn)祈使句 a) Don' t be late, b) Don* t hurry.1. 疑問句一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she lik

15、e salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定答復(fù)：a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does, d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, sheis.否認(rèn)答復(fù)：a) No, he isn' t. b) No, you can* t. c) No, she doesn' t. d) No, they don'e) No, she isn' t.1) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or smal 1?答復(fù) Tt * s big. / I

16、t * s smal 1.2) 特殊疑問句 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? 1 like action movies and comedies. 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double OK.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones163 . 問原因 Why do you want to join

17、 the club? 問時(shí)間 What' s the time? (=What time is it?) It' s a quarter to ten a. m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o' clock.When do you want to go? Let* s go at 7:00. 問地方 Where' s my backpack? It' s under the table. 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What *

18、 s your favourite color? It' s black. 問人物 Who' s that? It' s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn' t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 問東西 What' s this/that （in English）? It* s a penci 1 case.What else can you sec in the picture? I can sec

19、 some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11 問姓名 What' s your aunt' s name? Her name is Helen./She' s Helen.What' s your first name? My first name* s Ben.What' s your family name? My family name* s Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it?

20、 It' s big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They* re 15 dollars.15 問 號(hào)碼 What' s your phone number? It' s 576-8349.16 問謂語（動(dòng)作）What' s he doing? He' s watching TV.17 問職業(yè)（身份）What do you do? T m a teacher.What* s your father? He' s a doctor.三、初一英語語法時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性

21、的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：Be 動(dòng)詞：She' s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn' t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can' t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don' t want to eat any tomaloes.Gina has a nice watch. Doe

22、s Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn' t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)展就使用進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)，構(gòu)造為sb be v-ing sth +其它.I' in playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I' m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn* t writing a letter.They' re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They