2022年全國攻讀碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語一試題及解析歸類.docx

1、2014年全國攻讀碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（一）試題及解析Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Chooselhebestword(S)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10Points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycantremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranolda

2、cquaintancesname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesasseniormoments.3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpoicntiallyhavea(an)4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthattheresactuallyal

3、otthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnection

4、sarcmadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirstbraintrainingprogramdesignedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryand

5、attentionskills.Theprogramkeens16cfyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouarcdcvcloping-muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.IJAJwhcrcBJwhcnCJthatDwh

6、y2.AlimprovesBfadcsCrecoversDcollapses3.AIfBUnlessCOnceDWhiie4.|Auneven|B|limited|CdamagingDJobscure5.|AwellbeingBJenvironmentCrela(ionshipIDJoutlook6.AtumsBfindsClpoints|DIfigures7.|AroundaboutsBJresponsesCworkouts|DJassociations8.|AgenreBfunctionsCJcircumstances|Dcriterion9.|AchannclBJconditionCJs

7、cqucnccDJproccss10.ApersistBbelieveCexcelDfeature11.AjThereforeBMoreoverCOtherwisejDJHowever12.(AaccordingtoBregardlessofICJapailfromDinsteadof13.AbackBfurtherCaside|Daround14.AsharpnessBstabilityCframework|Dnexibilityl5.AforcesBremindshurries|DJallows16.AholdBJtrackICJorderDlpace17.AtoBwithCfor|Don

8、ISJAJirregularlyBjhabituallyCJconstantlyCjbuildCidlcDjunusuallyD|takcfDIfamiliar19. Acarry20. fAriskyBlputBlcffcctive答案：1-5ABDCA6-10ACBDC11-15D/XBAD16-20BDCCB1.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案A考點分析】上下文語義和連詞辨析選項分析此題考察連詞。根據(jù)上下文意思，首先可以排除BC|D。這句話中where引導(dǎo)一個狀語語從句，主要是說記不清把鑰匙放在哪里了。2. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案田考點分析上下文語義和動詞辨析I選項分析Asthebrain2werefertotheseocc

9、urrencesasseniormoments這句話的意思是由于大腦2我們稱這些現(xiàn)象為“瞬間性老年癡呆”，由此可以排除A和C。IDlcollapse意為：使倒塌，使崩潰，不符合題意。fades考察熟詞僻意，通常意思為褪色，逝去。還有衰老的意思，這里就考察是衰老的意思。從前文可以看出，文章講的是隨著年齡增長，大腦衰老。所以選田標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案D考點分析邏輯銜接題選項分析Aif表示假設(shè)“如果。BUnless*滁非，如果不”。CJOnce4一旦”。DWhile,“雖然，然而表轉(zhuǎn)折。這句話的意思是雖然外表上看起來沒什么，但是危害很大，前后位轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選D。3. I標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案HC考點分析上下文語義和詞匯辨析選

10、項分析這四個選項均為形容詞，A聲示“不均勻”，B表示“有限的，C表示“有破壞性的，損壞的，D表示“模糊的，晦澀的。這句話意思是這種精神能量的缺失會給我們帶來的影響。根據(jù)上下文的意思，可以排除A和D。而“有限的影響顯然缺乏以表達(dá)危害的嚴(yán)重性，故可以排除B選項。C“帶來有害的影響”最符合作者意圖。4. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案A考點分析上下文語義和名詞辨析I選項分析本句話含義是這種精神能量的缺失會給我們的職業(yè)、社交還有個人.帶來有害的影響。Awellbeing幸?！?。Benvironment44環(huán)境”。Crelationship14關(guān)系。Doutlook44展望oand連接假設(shè)干名詞，這些名詞應(yīng)該為同一類，職業(yè)、

11、社交都是和個人相關(guān)，排除B和DJ,Cpersonalrelationship就是social的意思，不能重復(fù)，選擇A,個人幸福。5. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案A考點分析固定搭配選項分析Aitturnsoutthat原來,其實”Bitfindsoutthat本文發(fā)現(xiàn)。Citpointsoutthat“指出”。DJitfiguresoutthaf4本文發(fā)現(xiàn)”。It代表神經(jīng)科學(xué)，這句話的意思是越來越多的精神學(xué)家們都表示，大腦其實跟肌肉一樣需要練習(xí)運動。這里給出的是神經(jīng)科學(xué)的結(jié)論，因此選擇itturnsoutthat標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案考點分析上下文語義和名詞辨析Meanwhile,itisalsothedutyofthepar

12、entstoprotect,educateandlookaftertheyouths.Let*sbearthisinmindandcultivatethatvirtuetogether,becauseonlybydoingso,canwefeelasif,wewerelivinginahappyandharmoniousfamily.選項分析這四個選項均為名詞。Aroundabouis迂回路線。BJrcsponscs回應(yīng)。Cworkouts鍛煉，練習(xí)。DJassociations協(xié)會。（Cworkouts鍛煉，練習(xí)與前文出現(xiàn)的exercise都有“鍛煉，練習(xí)”的意思，近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，所以選C標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答

13、案B考點分析上下文語義和名詞辨析選項分析這四個選項均為名詞。Agenrc類型，種類。Blfunctions功能。Cicircumstances情況，環(huán)境。Dcriterion批評判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)那么。這句話的意思是正確的智力運動能極大地提高我們最根本的認(rèn)知功能，根據(jù)語義，選擇Bfunctions功能。6. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案HD考點分析上下文語義和名詞辨析選項分析這四個選項均為名詞。（Achannel通道，頻道。Bcondi【ion條件。Cscqucnce順序，序列。IDJprocess過程，步驟。根據(jù)常識，思考是個過程，并且通過腦神經(jīng)相互接觸來完成,其他選項表示渠道、序列、條件，均不符合常識。因此正確答

14、案是表示過程的D選項。這句話的意思是思考是大腦神經(jīng)連接必要的過程。7. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案D考點分析上下文語義和動詞辨析選項分析這四個選項均為動詞。IApersist堅持。|Bbelieve相信。CJexcel超過。Dfeature特色。本句句意，在某種程度來講，我們在進(jìn)展神經(jīng)連接（直接影響人的聰明程度）方而的特殊能力是與生俱來的。excel有超過擅長的意思，表示在某個方面出眾，放在此處符合題意，因此正確答案為B。8. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案|D考點分析邏輯銜接題選項分析此題需要的是一個副詞，而且位于句首，因此考察的是句關(guān)系。通過前后句意義來定答案，前一句強調(diào)的是智力是與生俱來的（inherited）,而后一句那么認(rèn)

15、為是可以通過腦力活動（mentaleffort）會有所波動，兩句意義明顯相反，故正確答案為DHowever。9. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案A考點分析上下文語義和短語辨析選項分析此題并不難，可以理解為：智力可以.腦力活動得到提升或出現(xiàn)波動。Brcgardlessof44不管，不顧”不合邏輯oCapartfrom*,除之外”也不適宜oDinsteadof*代替明顯不符。故A為正確答案。10. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案B考點分析上下文語義和固定搭配選項分析此題考察的是固定搭配：takeastep.,能措配只有A和C,分別指“采取進(jìn)一步措施”和“讓到一邊去，無論從邏輯上還是從句意上都是A符合。11. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案A考點分析上下文語義和詞

16、匯辨析選項分析此題考察的是動賓搭配：improveandregainsbsmental再根據(jù)前文一宜在講如何提高智力”,因此可以排除A（模式）和B（穩(wěn)定性），C（靈活性）和D（鋒利性，鋒利性）容易混淆，C有一定的干擾性，但雙比之下，D更契合前文，應(yīng)選D。12. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案D考點分析上下文語義和詞匯辨析選項分析空格所在句的意思是說這個網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程可以系統(tǒng)地改善你的記憶力和注意力。而且此處需要填入的動詞需要與to進(jìn)展搭配。根據(jù)搭配關(guān)系直接排除A.Bo本文的主題介紹的是使人聰明的腦力鍛煉法，感情色彩是中性的，此處的D選項force排除，所以最恰當(dāng)?shù)氖荄。13. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案B考點分析上下文語義和固定搭配I選項

17、分析空格所在句的意思是說這個培訓(xùn)課程還可以學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度，并且給予詳盡的信息反響。根據(jù)語境，空格缺少的詞匯意義為跟蹤學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度，分析四個選項，直接排除Ahold,Corder;辨析B,D兩個選項,與D選項的pace搭配的介詞應(yīng)該為with,即，keeppacewith,所以排除，B選項為正確答案，keeptrackof意思為跟蹤。14. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案C考點分析上下文語義和介詞選項分析此題考察介詞，根據(jù)空格前后語境，空格所缺少的介詞意義為關(guān)于你的表現(xiàn)作出詳細(xì)的反響，四個選項中只有D有關(guān)于的意思。15. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案HC考點分析上下文語義和詞匯辨析選項分析空格所在句的意思是說更加重要的是，它會調(diào)整并升級有關(guān)訓(xùn)練游

18、戲。通過前后句的語境，所用詞匯均為褒義詞，所以，從感情色彩方而可以排除A,B習(xí)慣性的主語應(yīng)該為人，直接排除。B經(jīng)常的，D異乎尋常的代入，發(fā)現(xiàn)C比較符合題意。16. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案HC考點分析上下文語義和詞匯辨析選項分析空格所在句的意思是說它會經(jīng)常調(diào)整并升級有關(guān)訓(xùn)練游戲，以促進(jìn)腦力的不斷。此題所缺少的動詞需要與介詞on搭配，Aputon穿上，增加；Bcarryon執(zhí)行；Cbuildon在.根底上增加，構(gòu)建；Dlakeon呈現(xiàn)；代入空格發(fā)現(xiàn)只有C適合，A.B,D都不與空格后面的development相搭配。17. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案C考點分析上下文語義和詞匯辨析選項分析此題涉及的是一個含不定式作后定的句子，所缺詞

19、匯為形容詞修飾exerciseroutine,根據(jù)前后情感一致的邏輯，通過后面的不定式中的關(guān)鍵increase寺和varyyourmuscleuse等信息反推所需詞匯為正向詞匯，直接排除A和B,D是中性，只有C(有效的)符合邏輯，故為正確答案。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,D.MarkyourchoiceonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inordertochang

20、elivesforthebetterandreduce“dependency,GeorgeOrbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedtheupfrontworksearchscheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemor

21、ereasonable?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseekersallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.heclaimed.Weredoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster，zHelp?Really?Onfirsthea

22、ring,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reformstoanobviouslyindulgentsystem(hatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealforfundamentalfairnessz，-protectingthetaxpayer,contr

23、ollingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdontskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalande

24、xtraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhard(oget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywa

25、ntandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland.yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependencypermanentdependencyifyoucangetitsupportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.1(isasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolo

26、ngerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrasejobseekersallowanceinventedin1996isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseekerwhohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead

27、,theclaimantreceivesatime-limitedallowance,conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.真題解析：文章概括：政府大臣GrorgeOsborne提出了一個工程幫助失業(yè)的人找工作。21.GeorgeOsbornesschemewasintendedtoAJprovidetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.B encouragejobseekersacti

28、veengagementinjobseeking.C motivatc(heunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.D guaranteejobseekerslegitimaterighttobenefits.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)題。本道題的關(guān)鍵是intendedto問的是目的，所以我們也應(yīng)該去尋找表達(dá)目的性的詞匯，所以在首段首句看到了inorderto.那么后面的內(nèi)容即為此題答案，結(jié)合后面找工作的內(nèi)容那么選擇B選項。22. Thcphraselosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans|AJtocheckontheavailabilityofj

29、obsat(hejobcentre.B toacceptthegovernmentsrestrictionsontheallowance.Cl(oregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.DJtoattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.答案：C詞義句意題。先根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三行，tosignon前面有一個很明顯的noi,那么我們可以推知，這-定是前面的反義，我們只要讀憧前面半局部就可以了，前面說應(yīng)該spendlookingforwork,正好和A選項相符，所以我們只要選擇一個相反的選項即可，那么選擇C選項。23.

30、 Whatpromotedthechancellor(odevelophisscheme?AJAdesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.B Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.CJAnurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.DApassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.答案:A細(xì)節(jié)題。本道題的關(guān)鍵是題目中的prompted和chancellor,根據(jù)chancellor能定位到二段第五行，再向下尋找那么可發(fā)現(xiàn)motivate和prompt是對應(yīng)的，所以看本句即可發(fā)現(xiàn)和A選項是對應(yīng)的。24

31、. AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeelA uncasy.|Benraged.C insulled.|Dguilty.答案:A細(xì)節(jié)題。本道題根據(jù)unemployed回到文中定位在第三段的最后一句，沒有感覺相關(guān)內(nèi)容，所以需要向前找答案，再根據(jù)本段第一句話中的losingajob即可判定答案在第二句，因此選擇A選項。另我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)BCD三個選項趨于強烈和負(fù)面，所以，我們選擇A選項。25.1bwhichofthefollowingwouldlheauthormostprobablyagree?AJThcBritishwelfaresy

32、stemindulgesjobseekerslaziness.B Osbornesreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.C Thcjobseekersallowancehasmettheiractualneeds.IDJUnemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.答案:B細(xì)節(jié)題。此題題根據(jù)選項定位。A選項根據(jù)大寫字QTheBritishwelfaresystem定位到最后一段的第三句，原文是“nolonger”,選項與原文反向干擾。B選項根據(jù)Osbomcsreforms定位到第一段第二句，可以得出該工程可

33、減少失業(yè)危險，所以B為正確答案。C選項根據(jù)題干“l(fā)hejobseekersallowance定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句，該句提J4inofundamentalright,恰與C選項表意相反，所以C是反向干擾。D選項根據(jù)題干“conditional”定位到最后一段最后句，其中只提5Jtlconditionalonactivelyseekingajob.，z,并沒有要說以后應(yīng)該怎樣，所以屬于無中生有。Text2Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanlhemembersofanyotherprofessionwiththepossiblee

34、xceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesneve

35、rgetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-ycarundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBar

36、Associationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestodaysaveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100.000ofdeblontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworktearsomclyhard.Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butlhestate-level

37、bodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplement(hem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studcntswhodon

38、otneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureoflhebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,but

39、opponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyrather(hanserveclientsethically.Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalm

40、anagerstofocusonimprovingfirmsefficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.26. alotofstudentstakeuplawaslheirprofessionduetoA thcgrowingdemandfromclients.B theincreasingpressureofinflation.C thcprospectofworkinginbigfir

41、ms.DJiheattractionoffinancialrewards.答案：Do該題是因果細(xì)節(jié)題，考察細(xì)節(jié).首先，根據(jù)段落定位原那么模糊定位，定位到前幾段。其次，再準(zhǔn)確定位，題干中有關(guān)鍵詞“studentsTaw”profession”,回到原文尋找相關(guān)信息。第一段未發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)信息，然后到第二段看到“Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.z/與題干有重合之處，選項D是該句的同義替換。A、B、C三個選項根據(jù)原文個別詞匯“clients”inflation”bi

42、g-firm”等進(jìn)展干擾。注意，第段的But是個假轉(zhuǎn)折詞，并非答案處。27. Whichofthefollowingaddsto(hecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?AJHighertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.B Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.CJPursuingabachelorsdegreeinanothermajor.D Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.答案：C。該題是細(xì)節(jié)題，考察細(xì)節(jié)。首先

43、根據(jù)段落定位原那么定位到第三段。其次，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thecostsoflegaleducation”準(zhǔn)確定位到第三段第二句話Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.z，問題是whichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducation，因此定位句的下句就是答案，即ThereisjustonepathfbralawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeato

44、neof200lawschoolsaccreditedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.分析選項可知，選項C恰當(dāng)概況了該句了的涵義。A選項利用三段末尾的“Thisleavestodaysaveragelaw-schoolgraduatewithSI00,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.，z進(jìn)展-擾。B選項無中生有。D選項根據(jù)四段最后一句出現(xiàn)的“training”個別詞匯進(jìn)展干擾。28. Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemo

45、riginatesfromA lawycrs,andclicnts,strongresistance.BJtherigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.C thestemexamforwould-belawyers.D non-profcssionals,sharpcriticism.答案：B該題是原因細(xì)節(jié)題，問來源。首先段落定位原那么定位到第四段。其次，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞therefbnnofthelegalsystem定位到第二句“Sensibleideashavebeenaroundfbralongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatg

46、overntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.選項B即為該句的同義替換。29. Thcguild-likcownershipstmetureisconsideredrestrictivepartlybecauseitA bansoutsidersinvolvementintheprofession.B keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.CJaggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.D preventslawyersfromgainingduepro

47、fits.答案：Ao該題為因果細(xì)節(jié)題，問原因。根據(jù)段落定位原那么定位至倒數(shù)第二段。其次，題干中出現(xiàn)“theguild-likeownershipstructure,準(zhǔn)確定位到第二句ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.”此夕|、，在該段最后一句提到“.keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfrom(hepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclie

48、ntsethically.”從而可以得出答案選A。30.1nthistext,theauthormainlydiscussesA flawedownershipofAmericaslawfirmsanditscauses.B thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.C aprobleminAmericaslegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.D thcroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmericaslegaleducation.答案：C。該題為文章主旨題，考察文章中心。該篇文章屬于問題解

49、決型文章，前5段均在說美國法律職業(yè)存在的問題，最后一段提出了解決措施“allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservices(ocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyand(oemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirmsefficiency.。因此，該篇屬于問題解決型文章，選C。其他幾個選項均為文中的個別細(xì)節(jié)，以偏概全。Text3TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysics

50、prizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyearsawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,asiringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,like(heFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetel

51、ephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.Whatsnottolike?Quitealot,according(oahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggo

52、es,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizes(heprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachicvcmcnt-bascdsystemofpccr-rcvicw-lcdresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearc

53、h.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.Thegoalsof(heprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somcwanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizesbothnewandoldaredistribute

54、d.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundationslimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch一aswillhedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisig

55、noredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse.themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearche

56、rswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism一thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall一butitistheprize-giversmoneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.真題解析：文章主題及背景知識：此篇閱讀的主題內(nèi)容為“根底物理學(xué)獎，如果對于這一背景信息有所了解，這篇文章便可輕松看懂，做題更是十拿九穩(wěn)！與2013年相比，2014考研閱讀文章同樣注重時效性，Text3便是反響了2013年3月份的一次實時事件：根底物理學(xué)基金會于3月2?？谕碓谌鹗靠趦?nèi)瓦揭曉了20【3年根底物理學(xué)獎！所以2015考研的同學(xué)們一定要多多關(guān)注社會熱點話題，拓