環(huán)境工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)試題

1、一、英漢互譯1. oxidizing agent氧化劑 2. activated sludge活性污泥3. water purification水凈化 4. protozoa原生動(dòng)物5. nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮 6. phosphate磷酸鹽7. the dew point露點(diǎn) 8. food additives食品添加劑9. chemical plant化工廠 10.primary air pollutant一次大氣污染物11.qualitative analysis定性分析 12.environmental problem環(huán)境問(wèn)題13.incomplete combust

2、ion不完全燃燒 14.photochemical oxidants光化學(xué)氧化劑15.suspented solid懸浮固體 16.氣布比air to cloth ratio17.一氧化碳carbon monoxide 18.酵母yeast19.紫外線ultraviolet light 20.反向滲透reverse osmosis21.水資源water resource 22.有機(jī)物質(zhì)organic matter23.地表水surface water 24.引風(fēng)機(jī)draft fan25.生物鑒定bioassay 26.副產(chǎn)品by-products27.環(huán)境容量environmental cap

3、acity 28.供水，給水water supply29.吸附adsorption 30.環(huán)境污染environmental pollution二、英譯漢1. Protection of public health, the original purpose of pollution control, continues to be the primary objective in many areas. However, preservation of water resources, protection of fishing areas, and maintenance of recre

4、ational waters are additional concerns today.污染控制的最初目的是保護(hù)公眾的健康，在許多地方這仍然是主要目的。然而，目前保護(hù)水資源、保護(hù)漁區(qū)和維護(hù)娛樂(lè)水域也是關(guān)注的方面。2. Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activ

5、ities of humans or other living organisms.污染：可以定義為空氣、水或土壤的物理化學(xué)或生物特性發(fā)生惡化以至于對(duì)人類(lèi)或生物有機(jī)體的健康、生存或活性造成了危害。 Environment can be defined as(1) the circumstance of conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or (2) the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or communi

6、ty.環(huán)境可以定義為：（1）一個(gè)生物個(gè)體或生物群體周?chē)臓顩r或條件；（2）影響個(gè)體或群體的復(fù)雜的社會(huì)或文化條件。3. Fabric filters usually provide very high collection efficiencies, exceeding 99.5%, at pressure drops usually ranging from 4 to 6 inches of water. The amount of filter area required is often based o an air-to-cloth ratio of 11.5 to 3.0 cfm of

7、 gas/ft of cloth.布袋過(guò)濾器經(jīng)常提供超過(guò)99.5%的高捕集效率，壓力降一般在4-6英寸水柱。所需要的濾料面積通常是根據(jù)氣布比為11.5-3.0cfm氣體/平方英尺布來(lái)考慮的。4. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds that attack metal surfaces, a problem that has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and computer indust

8、ries. 大氣中的硫和氮的氧化物經(jīng)反應(yīng)后形成酸性化合物，這些化合物腐蝕金屬表面，這個(gè)問(wèn)題通訊設(shè)備、電力設(shè)施和計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)方面已經(jīng)很?chē)?yán)重。三、選擇題 1. The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environmental problems: their causes, why they are of concern, and how we can control them.（ C ）A. objective B. b

9、ook C. environmental problems D. students2. Thus, a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard to plants or animals. It may also cause contamination of resources (such as air, water, and soil) so that they cannot be utilized for other purposes.（ C ）A. plants B. animals C. resources D. poll

10、utant species3. However, sewage may also contain pathogens from the excreta of people with infectious diseases that can be transmitted by contaminated water. （ D ）A. sewage B. pathogens C. people D. infectious diseases4. In fact, knowledgeable scientists of the time accepted land irrigation and perc

11、olation into the porous underground formations as methods of waste treatment. Although these treatment methods may have been intended for non-hazardous materials, they were employed for hazardous materials as well. （ B ）A. knowledgeable scientists B. these treatment methods C. non-hazardous material

12、s D. hazardous materials5. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds which attack metal surfaces, a problem which has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and computer industries. （ D ）A. Sulfur B. Sulfur and nitrogen oxidesC. metal surfaces D

13、. acidic compounds四、英譯漢，每小題10分，共30分1. International cooperation in the field of environmental protection should be based on the principle of equality among sovereign states. The developing countries have the sovereign right to use their own natural resources in keeping with their developmental and e

14、nvironmental objectives and priorities. Furthermore environmental considerations should not be used as an excuse for interference in the internal affairs of the developing countries, nor should these be used to introduce any forms of conditionality in aid or development financing, or to impose trade

15、 barriers affecting the export and development efforts of the developing countries.在環(huán)境保護(hù)領(lǐng)域的國(guó)際合作應(yīng)該建立在主權(quán)國(guó)家之間的平等原則的基礎(chǔ)上。 發(fā)展中國(guó)家有主權(quán)去利用自己國(guó)家的資源來(lái)維持發(fā)展和環(huán)境目標(biāo)及其優(yōu)先權(quán)。 不應(yīng)該以保護(hù)環(huán)境為理由干涉發(fā)展中國(guó)家的內(nèi)政， 不應(yīng)借此在援助或發(fā)展資金上提出任何形式的附加條件 ， 也不應(yīng)設(shè)置貿(mào)易壁壘影響發(fā)展中國(guó)家出口和發(fā)展的努力。2. Impurities in water were classified as suspended, colloidal, or dissol

16、ved. Suspended particles are large enough to settle out or to be filtered. Colloidal and dissolved impurities are more difficult to remove. One possibility is somehow to make these small particles join together to become larger ones, which can then be treated as suspended matter. Another possibility

17、 is to convert them to a gas that escapes from the water into the atmosphere .Whatever the approach, it must be remembered that energy is required to lift water or to pump it through a filter.水中的雜質(zhì)可分為懸浮的，膠體態(tài)的或溶解態(tài)的。 由于懸浮的顆粒大足以被沉淀或被過(guò)濾掉。膠體態(tài)的或溶解態(tài)的雜質(zhì)較難以去除掉。 去除他們的一個(gè)可能的方法是以某種方法把這些微小的顆粒物結(jié)合成比較大的顆粒然后采用去除懸浮物的方

18、法來(lái)處理。 另一種可能的方法是把他們轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闅鈶B(tài)然后是他們從水中散發(fā)到大氣中，無(wú)論采用哪一種方法，有一點(diǎn)必須記住的是提升水或用泵將水輸送通過(guò)濾床都需要能量。3. Water deficits and contamination of existing water supplies threaten to be critical environmental issues in the future for agricultural production as well as for domestic and industrial use. Many countries already have serious water shortages and more than one billion people lack access to clean water or adequate sanitation. Toxic air and water pollutants, along with mountains of solid and hazardous wastes, are becoming overwhelming problems in industrialized countries. We produce hundred of millions