機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)試題及答案

1、課程機(jī)械工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)課程性質(zhì)（口必修口限選任選）考試方式（口閉卷口開(kāi)卷）一、選擇題（在每題四個(gè)備選答案中選出一個(gè)正確答案，本大題共15小題，每小題1分,總計(jì)15分）1. If all points in a linkage move in parallel planes the system undergoes planar motion and the linkage may be described as a .A. planar motion B. planar linkage C. jointsD. slide2. Though frame material and design sh

2、ould handle damping, are sometimes built into frame sections to handle specific problems.A .beamsB. holesC. dampers D. screw3. The maximum allowable deflection of a shaft determined by critical speed,gear, or bearing requirements.A. often B. must C. was D. is usually4. We will have to to better and

3、better solutions as we generate more information.A. repeat many timesB. iterating C. iterate D. try ways5. If a product configuration is specified and then examined to determinewhether the performance requirements are met.A. finally B. tentatively C. temporary D. have been6. Manufacturing can be def

4、ined as the of raw materials into useful productsthrough the use of the easiest and lest-expensive methods.A. transformation B. processing C. process D. transforming7. The planer and knee types of milling machine is because of its flexibility.A. used most commonly B. most popularC. the most commonly

5、 used D. most powerful8. As a result, the system will vibrate at the frequency of the force regardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system.A. action B. excitation C. out D. act9. Before two components are assembled together, the relationship between the dimensions of the mat

6、ing surfaces.A. must be giving out B. should printed clearlyC. must be specified D. should be clearly noted10. The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their surfaces.A. enveloping B. mating C. outer D. outside11. The word itself usually refers to

7、 the deterioration of metals and ceramics,while similar phenomena in plastics generally called.A. recrystallization .corrosionB. recrystallization - degradation題號(hào)一二三四五六七八總分得分C. degradation corrosion D. corrosion degradation12. Most frames cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made f

8、rom B. are made up ofC. was produced by D. was consist of13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operation at speeds.A . lowB .overloadC. criticalD. hollow14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .A. patternB. modelC

9、. moldD. patent15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.A. high pairB. low pairC. surface pair D. rotary pair二、完型填空(在每個(gè)小題四個(gè)備選答案中選出一個(gè)正確答案，本大題共15小題，每小題1分，總計(jì)15分)The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that

10、rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members are among the " associated parts " considered in this text, as are couplings and uni

11、versal joint, which serv to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It can be stationary and serve to (18) a rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an automobile. The shafts s

12、upporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationary depending on (20) the gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial, bending, and(21) loads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Ty

13、pically, a rotating shaft transmitting power is (22) to a constant torque (producing a mean torsional stress) together with a completely reversed bending load (producing an alternating bending stress).In addition to satisfying (23) requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within

14、 acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts deflection can hamper gear performance and cause (25) noise. The associatedangular deflection can be very destructive to no-self- aligning bearings(either plain or rolling). (26) deflection can affect the accuracy of a cam or gear driven mechanism. Furthermo

15、re, the greater the flexibility -either lateral or torsional-the lower the corresponding (27) speed.共 5頁(yè)第1頁(yè)考生注意：考試時(shí)間120 分鐘試卷總分100分16、A) cementB) attachedC) connectedD) concrete17、A) endureB) transmitC) serveD) connect18、A) supportB) meetC) satisfyD) strong19、A) aimsB) idlerC) terminalD) tomb20、A) du

16、e toB) weatherC) whetherD) for21、A) elasticityB) torsionalC) inertiaD) acceleration22、A) subjected B)connectC) andD) From23、A) deeplyB) strengthC) clearly understand D) long time24、A) identifyB) crossC) roundD) lateral25、A) lucrativeB) objectionable C) attractableD) terrible26、A) MomentB)TormentC) T

17、orsionalD) Movement27、A) highB) criticalC) firstD) important28、A) workB) idealizationC) integralD) simplification29、A) mounted onto B) refersC) referring toD) indicates30、A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternalD) axiallySometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but more o

18、ften such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contact with the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made in variety of ways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and

19、a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub into which the key fits are called keyways.三、閱讀理解（在每個(gè)小題四個(gè)備選答案中選出一個(gè)正確答案，填在題頭的表中）（本大題共20小題，每小題2分，總計(jì)40分）Text 1Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The

20、process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine; electrical engineers will use t

21、he process to design electrical generating systems using falling water as the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials which enable astronauts to safely reenter the earth' s atmosphere.The vast majority of complex problems in today' s high technology

22、 society depend fornot on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to deve

23、lop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impact of our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.Design is the culmination of engineering educational

24、process; it is the salient feature that distinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools and derives its membership from the various engineering professional societie

25、s. Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on designread as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic scie

26、nces, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of st

27、udent creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system

28、 descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.31、what ' s the main meaning of message ？A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer ' s main wor

29、kC) mechanical engineer ' s has good idea D) electrical engineer ' main duty32、In the author ' s opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into account many factors, fromthe message who should NOT join into the design team.A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) enginee

30、rsD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words ABET ” (at line third paragraph) is.A) a set of accredits standardB) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage t

31、hat in the exercise and training of student, which character of the following is NOT included in the curriculum.A) creativityB) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is.A) the roles of engineers in manufacturingB) the importance of mechanical designC) engineering design

32、D) The process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and

33、may contain written instructions called specifications.Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify stand

34、ard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)學(xué)號(hào)去姓名Generally, a complete set of Working drawings for an assembly includes: Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly draw

35、ing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM).(4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manu

36、factured based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.In an assembly, standard pa

37、rts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple shee

38、ts, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detail drawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used, they are clearly marke

39、d under each detail. Also, when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between details is carefully planned, including leaving sufficient room for dimensions and notes.訂 36. Based on the message, which of the follow is wrong?1. standard parts needn ' t drawn as details8. for simp

40、le parts, sometimes needn' t to draw the detail working drawing9. for large assemblies details may drawn on multiple sheets10. If different scales used in a single sheet, they should clearly marked under each detail37. Working drawings for an assembly MAY NOT includes: ?A) BOMB) title blockC) An

41、 assembly or subassembly drawing D) Detail drawings of all parts.38. For detail drawing, Which one of the following statement is not true? should not has different scalesB)Detail drawing can produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models.C)detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiv

42、iew drawing of a single part should Adhere strictly to ANSI standardsA)D)39. From the message we can infer ANSI is?A) a set of lawB) a set of notificationC) an Organization D) IEEE government40. The topic of the message is ?A) How to design working drawings.B) working drawing ' s character and t

43、he key influence of how to draw a working drawing C) In the design process, what should be considered?D) What is working drawingTEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects m echanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities,

44、 and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time. Stresses,in turn, will be a function

45、of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requ

46、ires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical desig

47、n. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freed

48、om (DOF) which it processes. The system DsOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous com

49、bination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about o

50、ne axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane41、 Kinematics research focus on the followingEXCEPT .A) accelerationsB) forceC) positions,D) velocities42、 From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important isA) th

51、e service life of a machineB) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedomD) kinematic principles43、 An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that _.A) It should has one DOFB) It should Has two DOFC) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should eq

52、ualD) It should has any DOF as want44、 which one of the following is NOT TRUE ?.A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axisB) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translationC) A rigid body free to

53、move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into components along three axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、 The best title for this passage would be .A) kinematicsB) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)學(xué)號(hào)去姓名四、英譯漢(共

54、20分)1 .將下列 英語(yǔ)句子譯成漢語(yǔ)(共 5小題，每小題2分)(1) A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.(2) Foundations should ensure the machine ' s stiffness; shock absorption and isola are secondary considerations.(3)Thus, if a mechanical component such

55、as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.(4) Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each other, whe

56、ther during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.(5) A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.2、將下段英語(yǔ)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)(10分)As we look around us we see a world full of“things ” , machine

57、s, devices, tools, thinhave designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to

58、 some set of requirements as perceived by the designers that is, it hs been designed so as to answer the question, a exactly what function should it perform? ”In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.五、英譯漢(共20分)1、將下列句子譯成