構(gòu)詞法練習(xí)及其答案

1、高考能力測(cè)試構(gòu)詞法 Word Formation一.合成Compounding 兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。由兩個(gè)分開的詞構(gòu)成。方式：1.直接寫在一起。2.用連字符(-)連接。3.(1)合成adj方式例詞1 adj + adjred-hot2 adj + nfirst-class, full-time, part-time3 adj +現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking, free-thinking,4 adj +過去分詞ready-made5 adj + n-edgood-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded6 n + n-ediron-willed7 n + ad

2、jworld-famous, day-long8 n +現(xiàn)在分詞beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,9 n +過去分詞man-made, water-covered,10adv+ adjever-green11adv +現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working, far-seeing12adv+過去分詞well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known13 num+ nfive-year14 num+ n+adjfive-year-old15num+過去分詞four-legged, six-storied(2)合成動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成方式例詞

3、1 n +vday-dream2 adv + vovercome, upturn 翻起3 adj + vwhite-wash構(gòu)成方式例詞1 n + nhorseback , bank-note,newspaper, cellphone,2 adj + nback-yard, forehead,3動(dòng)名詞+ nhiding place, reading-room4 v + advget-off, break in,5 adv + voutput, overflow(4) 合成 adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever,forever(5)合成代詞whoever,

4、 whatever, everyone, nobody,myself, something, anything,(6)合成 介 詞 inside仕一里后綴例詞-alcentral, industrial, national, natural-anEuropean, American, Australian形-erneastern, northern, southern容-ablereasonable,horrible,terrible,詞believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible、派生 Derivation前綴含義例詞a-處在arise, aside

5、, aloneen-使可能enrich, enable, enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear,disorder, disagreeun-不，做相unable,unknown,uncommon,反動(dòng)作uncomfortable, unfair,unclose, undress, uncover, untiein-不，非inactive,incapable, inpatient,im-incorrectir-impossible, impersonal, impolite,il-immature, impracticalirregular

6、, irresponsibleillogical,non-不，非non-existent,non-interference,non-conductor, non-stopde-向相反方decentralize（分散）,defrost （解向發(fā)展凍）anti-反（對(duì)）anti-freeze, anti-fascistmis-錯(cuò)誤的，misdoings,misunderstand,壞的misfortunere重復(fù)，再rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,co-共同co-exist,co-operate,co-educationex以前的ex-husband, ex-pre

7、sidenttele遠(yuǎn)程telephone, telegraph, telescopesuper-在上面，超supermarket, superpower,-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful,-ishchildish, Swedish, selfish-ivedestructive,collective,active,creative, effective-ythirsty,dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy,healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless, homeless,s

8、leepless, fearless, limitless-engolden, wooden, woolen-ouscourageous, famous, continuous, serious,various-aryimaginary, revolutionary, secondary-icrealistic, historic, poetic-sometroublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome-likechildlike, womanlike, manlike-antignorant,significant,observant,important-en

9、tdiligent, silent, excellent, frequent-lylively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly, motherly-ishchildish, foolish級(jí)under-在之下underline,underground,underestimate,inter-相互，之間international, inter-changeinteract,sub-下，次subtitle,submarine,subconscious, subcontinent,trans-過，穿過，變transformation(變形),translatevic

10、e-副vice-premier, vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal, semi-automaticsemicircle,bi兩個(gè)bicycle, biennial兩年一次的tri三個(gè)triangle 三角形，tricycle三輪腳踏車,triplets三胞胎mul-多，多種multiply, multi-colouredmulti-national,kilo-千kilometre, kilogram后綴例 詞動(dòng)詞-izerealize,modernize,mechanize,criticize,-enwiden, strengthen, lengthen, sharp

11、en,widen, shorten, quicken, deepen-fySimplify, beautify, terrify,后綴例詞副詞-ward(s)forward,northward,backward,downward-lyslowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly三、轉(zhuǎn)化Conversion :指一個(gè)詞不變化詞形，而由一種此 類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類或幾種詞類。1 .名詞 和動(dòng)詞 之間的轉(zhuǎn) 化telephone 電話一打 電話, mirror 鏡子一像鏡子一樣反映，drink喝一飲料，record錄音一記錄 ,name, d

12、ate, hand, study,完美的一一使完善3.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞（副詞）front前面一一前面的2 .形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞perfect4.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞chief主要的一一首領(lǐng)訓(xùn)練要旨：構(gòu)詞法是英語學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，也是近年來?？嫉捻?xiàng)目。特別是在詞語辨析的綜合運(yùn)用中，對(duì)詞匯掌握的要求越來越高。檢測(cè)構(gòu)詞法，在閱讀理解中，已不把這種詞匯看作生詞，而是把這類詞的理解看作學(xué)生通過對(duì)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)，應(yīng)該具備的一種能力。如有的生詞，只要其詞根是學(xué)生們?cè)撜莆盏幕蚴煜さ?，只是加上了前綴或后綴，再者或是合成詞等，命題人就認(rèn)為不必再注出漢語注釋。man was enough not to tell the

13、manager that he would not do the B. careful C. careless Dcarelessnesssoldier died for saving the child , so his is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D.deathchild looked at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sadis an expert at chemistry. We all call him a.

14、 A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physicianthree- chair isn ' t suitable for a young child.He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legsbecame the railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadershipthe teacher praised him for working out the maths problem， Jack lookeda

15、bout at his classmates.D. pridely everyone s , the girl finished the job quite well.9. What are you doing here Oh， my teacher asked me to write a passage about in English. You can writepassage in English words ； a 600-words ； a 600-wordswords ； a 600-wordwords ； a 600-wordsone should enter the spot

16、without theof the police.11You must come with us to the police head is waiting for that animal escape was no accident ； you did it shop owner welcomed all the guests with asmile.him to pay a $100 fine.TV is out of you tell me what is thenews about Iraq WarGreat Wall is more than 6000 li in .my ， I p

17、assed the exam easily.18.Canada is mainly ancountry.he is! He is always is really a .； foolishly ； fool ； foolish ； fool ； fool ； fool ； foolish ； fool necklace that she lost is very s of great .werefish in the river in South America. dangerletter “ b” in the word “ doubt ” is.child looked at me.bla

18、ck people were against slavery and fought for theirbravely.you said soundedbut in fact it was untrue.have to learntechnology from other countries.children live in a village come here almost every day. byBlack is an in the army ， not anin the can not easily find him in his.A .official ； officer ； off

19、ice ； office ； official ； official ； official ； official ； office d better give up smoking if you want to keep speaking ， I didn t do it on purpose.sounds like a good plan ， but there are somedifficulties in carrying it out.father possesses afactory ， which does most of the pollution to this river.l

20、eft his homeland for somereasons. sto persuade him to give up s verycaught twobirds in the wood last week and they are stillin the cage.； live ； live； alive； alivedoctor said that t he old man s condition was_ _and that they had tried their best.felt sothat she could hardly open her eyes.stood there

21、at ； frightful frightful； frightening ； frightdoctor s advicehim from drinking and smo king.40I d like to buy a house,modern,comfortable and above all in a Dneighbour sn.改錯(cuò)練習(xí)（每小題有一個(gè)構(gòu)詞法錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并更正 ）Milu deer are living in the wild in a natural park.blouse is fit for him at s too long and the colorhas r

22、un.possibly that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.must strength government of the people ， by the people and for the people.sperm whale can dive to a deep of more than 1000 meters in the sea.is a very famous has played many important parts in different films.， I d

23、 rather stay at home watching TV. of her ill， she can t go out for the sight-seeing.you for your describe of the conditions here. s really dust in this s a long time since someone lastlived in it.all don t know how d ark happens. opened the envelope， folded the letter and began to read it.offered us

24、 lots of value information， which played an important part in catching the thief.wish you a pleasure journey back home.captain made an apologize to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.wish that you could interview these journals who come. is not a plant but a various of animal life.my

25、 opinion ， Harry is the most suitful person for the job. food was good but the serve was poor.meeting is of great important to all of us. comes a large collection of soldiers in the distant.he got to the destination ， he was quite out of breathe. speaking， Russia is a Europe country.24. “ Actual ” m

26、eans“ in fact ”， and we can also use “ as a matter of fact ” . is possible to persuade Adam togive up that decide.doctor said that the patience was comfortable after the operation.people say that this new discover might change the whole society completely.settlement of this matter.Chinese government

27、 treasure the friendly between the people of two countries and we are waiting for a peacefulwas afraid of high and dared not jump out of thebet you are mistake this time.plane.mother died of hungry after the flood.man said that he was merely a pass-by and that he didn ' t watch the accident.33.

28、Do you follow meYes, perfect.possess of guns causes lots of troubles in the USA. greatest wealthy is being content with a little.is the mother of success.believe our dream that humans will travel to and from the moon will come truth one day.year millions of visiters come to visit the dams.Chinese pe

29、ople are building socialist and have achieved great progress.all went up to offer their congratulate on their winning the key match.前后綴“冰山一角”練習(xí)一. 形容詞后綴 1-ous結(jié)尾 advantageambitionanxietycontinuecouragedangerdisasterfamegloryhumormountainmysterynervenumberpoisonprosperreligionsuspicionvaryvigor2.以-al結(jié)尾

30、 Chemistryclasseconomyeditoreducationexceptionfinancefunctionlogicmemorynationorigin_parent personphysicspoliticsregionsubstancetechnique_technology3.以-able結(jié)尾 abilityacceptaccessadaptavailavoidcapabilitychangecomfortcompareconvertdesiredurationfavorflexibilityhonormovenoticepermitreasonsensevision4.

31、以-ful結(jié)尾 beautycarecheerdoubtfaithfruitglasshandharmhelpmouthpeacepowerskillspoonsuccessthoughtwonder二名詞后綴1.以-ment 結(jié)尾 achieve_advance_advertiseagree_ disagreeargueassignattachappointdevelopembarrassencourageengageenjoyequipestablishgoverninstallmanagemovepavepaypunishshipstate2. 以-al 結(jié)尾 approve disap

32、prove arrive propose refuseremove_survivetry_ withdraw3.以-ance/-ence/-ency/cy結(jié)尾 abundant_ accurateagent_allowapplyattendbankruptcompetentcompliantconfidentconsistconvenientinconvenientcorrespondentcurrentdependentindependentinnocentdiplomatdistantefficientelegantevidentexistfluentfrequentinferinfant

33、influential_ intelligentinterfere_ offendpatient_performpreferreferresidentsignificantsilenttendurgentvacantviolent4. 以-ion 結(jié) 尾 actaddadmitattractassociatecollectcombinecompletecommitcommunicatecomposeconcludeconsiderconsumecreatedecidedeclaredefinedescribedestroydeterminedevotedirectdistinctdiscussdominateeducateelectevolveexceptexhaustexhibitexploitfoundidentifyillustrateimitateimpressincludeintendintroduceinvestigateinviteliberate locate oblige_occupy operateorganize_ participat