2021高考英語重難增分篇第四講定語從句講與練新人教版20211109248

1、5 / 102021高考英語重難增分篇第四講定語從句講與練新人教版 20211109248李仕才第一課時知識過關(guān)課'先行詞:就是定語從句所修飾的同，when； 1 II never forget the day when we met for the first lime關(guān)系同同（狀in） where： This is the factory when? hir father works.定語從句關(guān)系代同(主賓表定)why： Tho renson why he was late is that ho got np late.who 主 賓：Phe teacher whu leaches

2、 us English is from England.whom 賓：The pcr>on whom you i，lkud will】 juxi now is our math> teacher.wh（）5C 定：I have a friend whose Lilhrr works in Brilain.which 主娛 定：Tenn was luic which made Sniiih xngry.that 主 賓 表：This is the best film that 1 have ever seen.限制性定語從句:修飾或限制先行InJ .與先行詞關(guān)系密切,之間無逗明若去掠

3、定語從句.意思不明確。午限制性定語從句:只是對先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明與先行間之間通常有逗號:若去掉從句意思依然完整:名師指津L在限制性定語從句中which, who, whom常可用that代替。關(guān)系代詞作賓語經(jīng)常被省略。2 .在非限制性定語從句中,或者當(dāng)先行詞是指人的those, anyone, everyone, people, he, all, few, one(s)等時，不能用that引導(dǎo)。3 .以下情形下一樣用that：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是指物的 all, little, few, much, any, anythingt everything nothing, none, the one

4、時，或先行詞被 all.few, much, any, every> no 等修飾時°(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時，或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞(包括last, next)、形容詞最 高級及the only, the very等修飾時。(3)先行詞包括人和物時。4 .當(dāng)先行詞是表示時刻、地點(diǎn)、緣故(且只能是reason)等，且這些先行詞在定語從句中作 狀語時,就分別用when、where> why來引導(dǎo)定語從句.另外，when, where why一樣可用“介詞+which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。注意當(dāng)先行詞是表示時刻、地點(diǎn)或緣故的詞

5、語時，不一定填關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, 只有當(dāng)這些詞在定語從句中作狀語時，才用關(guān)系副詞，否則要用關(guān)系代詞。5 .當(dāng)先行詞是整個主句或主句的一部分時，這類非限制性定語從句只能由which或as來引 導(dǎo)。兩者的區(qū)別在于：（l）which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能位于主句后，而as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可位于主句前、中、后。 （2）which 常譯作“這"：而 as 常譯作“正如”，且多與 see, expect, imaginet know, hope 等動詞連用。（3）在定語從句中作主語時，若用as,其謂語部分一樣有be：若謂語是不含be的行為動詞 時，要用which。（4）as引導(dǎo)

6、的定語從句只表示一個眾所周知或意料之中的事，而which不受此限制。（5）as常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case（這是常有的事）：as we expected（不出 所料）：as often happens（正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣）：as is known to all （眾所周知）；as has been said before（如上所述）：as is mentioned above （正如上面所提到的）等等。X熟讀深思讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)會畫線和黑體部分。摸索：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān) 系詞是如何確定。It was thg_ 二 _2。20, _ wherT、I

7、 came to Guangning No. 1 Senior High SISchool. Our school is 且 wonderful place, where'- I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square. Our classroom, poof 9f _jrhich- looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school. The main reason why I like our school is

8、 that I can make many friends. I can get along with my classmates here, tw& °f jyhom- are my best friends. Jack, who comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various_sports, among which''helikesrunningverymuch.阻 _卜411一肛 立_ _kilomuterw_ _£verf_ _day，which &#

9、39; makes him look strong. Nick> 9.whose' father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard. We often talk about the_people and the things that "，we see in our school. Nick prefers the food that "' is made in our canteen. The teacher whom""" he l

10、ikes is Mr. Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school.L先行詞是the summer of 2020,在定語從句中作時刻狀語，用關(guān)系副詞when （ = in which, during which）引導(dǎo)定語從句。2 .先行詞是a wonderful place,在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where ( = at which) 引導(dǎo)定語從句。

11、3 .先行詞是Our classroom,直截了當(dāng)在介詞。f后作其賓語，先行詞是物時，只能用which。 the roof of which中的of表所屬關(guān)系，意為“我們教室的屋頂”。4 .先行詞是the main reason,在定語從句中作緣故狀語，只能用why引導(dǎo)。5 .先行詞是my classmates,直截了當(dāng)在介詞。f后作其賓語，先行詞是人時，只能用whom。 two of whom中的of表示部分與整體的關(guān)系，意為“我的同班同學(xué)中的兩個人”。6 .先行詞是Jack,在定語從句中作主語，用who引導(dǎo)。7 .先行詞是various sports,直截了當(dāng)在介詞among后作賓語，只能

12、用which。8 .先行詞是He will run 5 kilometers every day整個句子,并在從句中作主語,用which 引導(dǎo)。9 .先行詞是Nick,在定語從句中作定語，表示Nick' s,用whose引導(dǎo)。10 .先行詞是the people and the things,既包括人又包括事物，通常只用that引導(dǎo)。11 .先行詞是the food,在定語從句中作主語，故用that或which引導(dǎo)。12 .先行詞是the teacher,在定語從句中作likes的賓語,故用whom引導(dǎo)。靈活運(yùn)用I.單句填空(用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空)1. Is this the reaso

13、n that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?2. Is this the reason why he was so careless in his work?3. The reason why he didn' t come was that he was ill.4. He lives in a village which is not far from the city.5. He lives in the village where he was born.6. A company who

14、se profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.7. In an hour, we travel to places where we can relax and get refreshed.8. The place which interested me most was the Children' s Palace.9. The place where he had a good time last Sunday was the Children' s Palace.10. I

15、 * 11 never forget the days when we studied together.n.單句改錯（下列每句中有一處錯誤，每處涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改 正。）1. There was a time that he didn' t get along well with his classmates, that->when 2. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of who agreed that it was the best of this year, whowhom

16、3. The earthquake was felt in Beijing, that is more than two hundred kilometres away. thatwhich4. This is the best method which has been used against pollution, which-that5. The school shop, which customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. whichwhose6. Which is reported in the newspa

17、per, talks between the two countries are making progress. WhichAs7. The Great Wall was built in a time that countries were at war. that-when8. She told her mother she would not marry anyone that she didn' t love, that-whom 9. The school which I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home, whichwh

18、ere/在 which前加上at10. The reason why he gave for not coming was that his mother didn, t allow him to.whywh i c h/1 hatin.語篇填空（在下而空格處填入i個適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，使結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語意通順。）There was a time 1.I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this is the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30 - d

19、ay training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3.I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4.teacher was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from 5.I gained s

20、ome useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.we did. My father and the guide 7.encouraged me to fall in love with Englis

21、h should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words.

22、10. our English teacher says»“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文講述了作者參加的一次英語學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)的經(jīng)歷以及這次經(jīng)歷帶給他的對英 語學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。1. when 先行詞是時刻，并在從句中充當(dāng)時刻狀語。2. why 先行詞reason表示緣故，并在從句中充當(dāng)緣故狀語。3. where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)定語從句，先行詞club是一個地點(diǎn)。4.

23、 whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時在定語從句中作定語，意思是“他的老師是李陽”。5. whom 依照句子結(jié)構(gòu)和前面from可知填whom,6. that/which 依照先行詞activities表示情況且在從句中作賓語，可知填that/which«7. who/that 從先行詞和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，who/that作主語。8. which 依照前而的介詞into以及先行詞English可知，填which。9. which 依照前面的介詞through可知填which, which在那個地點(diǎn)是指代前面整個句子。10. As 引導(dǎo)定語從句，意思是“正如"。第二課時高考研究課定語從句

24、在語法填空中的考查點(diǎn)»規(guī)律方法方法一| 一 “找”，二“還”，三“替換”»找：確實(shí)是先把句子分為主句和從句兩部分，再找出先行詞和關(guān)系詞。»還：依照先行詞提示的意思，把定語從句還原為完整的一句話。（能夠添詞）»替換：用關(guān)系詞替換定語從句中還原后添加的部分，作主語和賓語用關(guān)系代詞，作狀語用 關(guān)系副詞。（時刻狀語用when,地點(diǎn)狀語用where,緣故狀語用why。同初中時做的“對畫 線部分提問”相似，該用what的時候用which/that即可）例如：This is the school I once studied.This is the school is

25、 the most famous in the city.5. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid_1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. （2021 全國卷 I ）答案when 句中先行詞為the mid-1980s,定語從句中缺少時刻狀語，故填when。6.

26、I * d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists inso many Chinese paintings. （2020 全國卷 I ）答案 that/which 1句中先行詞為 the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of theLi River,定語從句中缺少主語,故填which/that©

27、7. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly. （2020 廣東卷） 答案where 句中先行詞為the market,定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。8. Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regionsto chase their dreams. （2021 江蘇卷改編）答案

28、whom 句中先行詞為many young people,定語從句中缺少主語，且所填關(guān)系詞為 介詞of的賓語，故填whom。9. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school educationdepends. （2020 安徽卷改編）答案which 句中先行詞為the fundamental skill,定語從句中缺少賓語，且所填關(guān)系 詞為介詞on的賓語，故填which。定語從句在短文改錯中的考查點(diǎn)»規(guī)律方法第一步：判定是否為定語從句，what不引導(dǎo)定語從句是常考點(diǎn)；第二步：判定是何種定語從句，tha

29、t不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句是常考點(diǎn)；第三步：分析關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所作成分，關(guān)系詞混用是?？键c(diǎn)。»真題驗(yàn)證21. In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. （2021 全國卷 H）答案that-* which 關(guān)系詞的混用。that不能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故改為which。2. The dishes what I cooked were Mom, s favorite. （2021 四八

30、I卷）答案whatthat/which,或者去掉what 第一判定dishes后面的從句為定語從句，what 不引導(dǎo)定語從句；其次定語從句中缺少賓語。3. Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o' clock at night.（全國卷 II）答案that-*which 關(guān)系詞的混用。that不能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故改為which。第三課時 寫作增分課定語從句在寫作中的增分點(diǎn)一、用as作關(guān)系代詞寫句

31、子1 .起初，我認(rèn)為李老師有點(diǎn)怪，因?yàn)樗偸菃栆恍]人能回答的問題。(kind of odd, such questions as)At first, I thought Mr. Li was kind of odd, because he was always asking such questions as no one could answer.2 .他不是一個把今天能做的事拖到改日做的人。(such a man, put off. till tomorrow) He isn, t such a man as puts off what he can do today till tomo

32、rr0W.3 .我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讀一些使我們明智的書。(such books as, wiser)We；_ _§hould_ _read_ _§uch_bookw_ _qw_ _Rakj_ _u±_ _5，isur.4 .在我生日那天,我收到了像母親承諾的那樣好的一件禮物。(receive as good a gift)On my birthday, 工 received as good a_gift as mr mother had promise d.二、用as, which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句寫句子1 .我發(fā)覺一個老人躺在馬路上，我乘出租車趕忙把他送到了醫(yī)院，這確實(shí)

33、是那天上午我遲到 的緣故。(find somebody doing, take. . to)I_found_ WL_卬a：_ Jying jhq_ ground_ _gnd_工ook_ _hi'_ JL_ _hospital_iR_ _旦_ J:ax_ _j.mmediatuly, _ _hich_ _¥'hf _raw_ jhat_ jnorning.2 .正如一句諺i吾所說，"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. ” 假如沒有一個強(qiáng) 壯的軀體，一個人會一事無成。(saying, a sound body,

34、 achieve)As_a_saying_goes,_ "All_work_and_no_play_makes_Jack_a_dull_boy. " _ .Without 旦 sound body, one cannot achieve anything.3 .正如圖表所顯示的那樣，那個都市的空氣質(zhì)量在過去兩年越來越糟° (as is shown in the chart, the air quality)As is shown in the chart, the air quality of the city has become worse_and worse

35、 in the past two years.4 .在漢語演講競賽中獲得一等獎，這我做夢也沒有想到。(win the first prize, Chinese speech competition, beyond my wildest dreams)I won the first_prize in the Chinese Speech Competition, which was beyond my wildest dreams.三、使用非限制性定語從句寫高級句子L我們的學(xué)校，位于內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)西北角，有34年歷史。(be located in, have a history of)Ou匚 _§

36、;chool., 一 _grhich_s JocateJthc_ _northwes J _of_ _eixiang, _ _ha§_ 且_ story of thirty-four years.2 .我們學(xué)校里的老師，大多數(shù)差不多上三十多歲，把他們一切都奉獻(xiàn)給了我們。(inone' s thirties, devote oneself to)The teachers of our school, most of whom are in their thirties, hav e_devoted themselves to us.3 .我們學(xué)校有四千多名學(xué)生,大多數(shù)都能用心學(xué)

37、習(xí)。(the majority of, put one' s heart into)Therg_ _gr邑 _piorg_ _haR_qOOQ_ students _°U£_ _§chool, _ jhe _giajority qf_ 至h 。坦_ put_ _;thei工_heart§_jntQ_ jthei工_ _§tudies.4 .我為我們的學(xué)校而感到自豪。我相信，在那個地點(diǎn)，假如我們好好學(xué)習(xí)的話，一定會考上 名牌大學(xué)。(be proud of, there is a good chance that, be admitted to)I am proud of our school, where I am sure if we do our best, the re is a good chance that we ca