高中英語(yǔ)Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars練習(xí)試題人教版

1、1 / 16Un it 4Astr onomy:the scie nee of the stars-話題誦讀日積月累【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】 關(guān)于大地起源的神話有許多，你了解多少呢？The sky and the earth were at first one blurred entity like an egg.Then Panguwas born into it.The separati on of the sky and the earth took eightee n thousa ndyears.Theyangwhich was light and pure ， rose to become the

2、 sky ； and theyinwhich was heavy andmurky， sank to form the earth.Between them was Pangu, who went through nine cha nges every day, hiswisdom is greater tha n that of the sky and his abilityis greater than that of the earth.Every day the sky rose ten feet higher, the earth became ten feet thicker,an

3、d Pangu grew ten feet taller.A no ther eightee n thousa nd years passed, and there was an extremelyhigh sky, an extremely thick earth, and an extremely tall Pangu.After Pangu died, his head turned into theFive SacredMou ntain s(Mou nt Tai, Mou nt He ng, Mou nt Hua, Mou nt Heng, Mou nt Song), his eye

4、s turned into themoon and the sun, his blood cha nged into water in river andsea, his hairinto grass .In all, the uni verse and Pangu comb ine in one.【詞海拾貝】1.entityn.混沌整體2.murkyadj.黑暗的3.wisdomn.智慧，才智4.extremelyadv.極其，非常，極為binev.使聯(lián)合，結(jié)合【問(wèn)題思考】1.Do you agree on the formi ng of the uni verse? Give your r

5、eas ons.答案： No, I dont agree.Because the scientists have already found out how the uni verse formed.2.What kind of people is Pangu in your eyes?答案：I think Pangu is very great and determ in ed.He is a hero.2 / 16- 自主預(yù)習(xí)步步提高-3 / 16n.根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)出單詞1._ n天文學(xué)2._adj.太陽(yáng)的3._n系統(tǒng)；體系；制度4._ n宗教；宗教信仰5._ n原子答案：l.astr

6、 onomy2.solar 3.system4.religi on5. atom川.根據(jù)英語(yǔ)釋義寫(xiě)出單詞1. _ :different from , not similar to2. _ :the mixed gases that surround the earth3. _ :for that reason; for this reason4. _ :in crease, add to the nu mber of5. _ :very important or necessary6. _: idea that tries to explain something答案：1.U nlike2.A

7、tmosphere 3.thus 4.multiply5. Fun dame ntal 6.theoryIV .選用短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式完成句子in time ； lay eggs； give birth to ； in ones turn ; prevent.from； be1._A birdin the nest it has built.答案：lays eggs2. Do you think well be_ to catch the train to go to Paris?1.oxygenA. 猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的2. existB.有害的3. harmfulC.氧4. puzzleD.

8、生存；存在5.viole ntE.（使）迷惑；（使）為難.詞匯識(shí)運(yùn)I.為單詞選擇正確釋義答案：1 C 2- D 3 B 4 E5- An迷；難題harmful tobeing4 / 16答案：in time3._ No matter what happens ,nothing and nobody can_ the plan_carried out.答案：preve nt from4.Reading in dim light_ your eyes.答案：is harmful to5.After the second competitor went off the stage, my son w

9、ent onto the stageto perform_答案：in his turn6.He told us happily that his wife would_ a baby the next week andthat he would be a father.答案：give birth toV.領(lǐng)會(huì)句子所用的句型并翻譯成漢語(yǔ)1.What_it_was_to become was uncertainuntilbetween 4.5 and 3.8 billionyearsago whe n the dust settled into a solid globe.答案：隨后它會(huì)變成什么沒(méi)

10、人能知道，直到4538 億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成了一個(gè)固體的球狀物。2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape wouldlast or not.答案：地球(開(kāi)始)變得激烈動(dòng)蕩，不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。3.This produced a chain reaction,which_made_it_possible for life to develop.答案：這就產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。4. So whether_life will continue on the

11、earth for millions of years to come will depend on whetherthis problem can be solved.答案：所以，在未來(lái)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問(wèn)題能否得到解決。:語(yǔ)篇理解課文表層理解I.判斷正(T)誤(F)5 / 161.The earth appeared before theBig Bang happened.(F)2.The originalatmosphere consisted of nitrogen and oxygen.(F)3.The main differenee between the

12、 earth and other planets is that there iswater on the earth.( T)4.Life began in water and then on Iand.(T)5.Mammals appeared before the development of dinosaurs.(F)6.Dinosaurs could give birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feedthem.( F)7. Huma nbeings produce too much carb on dioxide wh

13、ich causes the global warm ing on theearth.( T)8.According tothe text, human beings would disappear in the end.(F)n.讀課文回答問(wèn)題1.Whats the main idea of the text?答案： The text mainly tells us the formation of the earth and the development of life on it.2.Why was the earth different from the other planets?

14、答案： Because there is water on the earth.3.Why did the dinosaurs disappear suddenly?答案： No one knows that, and it remai ns a mystery.川.表格填空How did the earth came into being?6 / 16答案：1.A cloud of dust2.A solid globe 3.fire and rock4.atmosphere 5.water 6.gases and acids課文深層理解單項(xiàng)選擇1.What began to appear

15、on the earths surface when it cooled down?A. Water.B . Gases.C. Acids.D. Carbon.答案：A2.From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is_A. con fide ntB. sadC. concernedD. angry答案：C3.What does the word“the y” refer to in the sentences“It exploded loudlywith fire and rock.They were in time to pr

16、oduce carb on, n itroge n, water vapourand. ”？A. Pla nets.B. Stars.C. Gases.D. Fire and rock.答案：D4. Which is the right order of the developme nt of life?A. Small clever ani malsshellfish dinosaurs -mammals7 / 16B.Shellfish dino saurssmall clever ani malsmammalsC. Shellfish dinosaurs mammals-small cl

17、ever animals.D. Dinosaurs shellfish mammals- small clever animals.答案：C-規(guī)范寫(xiě)作技法指導(dǎo)-:方法技巧如何寫(xiě)探索性寫(xiě)作：解決問(wèn)題寫(xiě)作步驟：1. 提出問(wèn)題或列出現(xiàn)象，并簡(jiǎn)要闡述其產(chǎn)生原因。2. 說(shuō)明其對(duì)生活和社會(huì)的影響。3. 提出解決問(wèn)題的方法。寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下三個(gè)方面：1. 此類(lèi)書(shū)面表達(dá)通常為話題作文或看圖作文，學(xué)生應(yīng)仔細(xì)研讀提示信息或圖畫(huà)，明確 應(yīng)圍繞什么問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象展開(kāi)評(píng)論。2. 圍繞主題，進(jìn)行拓展。根據(jù)要求和提示信息合理安排篇章中各部分內(nèi)容的比例，做 到詳略得當(dāng)、條理清楚、文字簡(jiǎn)練。3. 時(shí)態(tài)：多采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但如果提示

18、中給出了具體時(shí)間，則應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的 調(diào)整。4. 要注意存在的問(wèn)題，分析此問(wèn)題可能帶來(lái)的危害，然后針對(duì)此問(wèn)題進(jìn)行解決?！镜湫途涫健刻峤ㄗh的句型：(1) 1 n my opinion , the best way to solve the problem is.(2) My tips are as follows.(3) On ly in this way can we.(4) To solve the above mentioned problem , we must.說(shuō)明現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題的常用句型：(1) It has become the biggest concern of.(2) U nl

19、ess we take effective measures, it is likely that.(3) The situati on many people are facing is that.(4) To start with , .The second reason is.The last but not least reason is.(5) Faced with the problem, quite a few people argue that.but others.(6) There is a gen eral discussi on today about the prob

20、lem of.得出結(jié)論：(1) With con certed efforts we will pull through the difficulties.8 / 16(2) With the help of.we can man age to overcome these difficulties.9 / 16你所在的研究性學(xué)習(xí)小組對(duì)“中學(xué)生的健康狀況”進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查，主要內(nèi)容如下:1 現(xiàn)狀：肥胖人數(shù)增多，身體素質(zhì)逐年下降2 原因：學(xué)習(xí)緊張，缺乏體育鍛煉；較少參加體力勞動(dòng)，如做家務(wù)；飲食不均衡;3 專(zhuān)家建議：少上網(wǎng)，保證睡眠；每天運(yùn)動(dòng)一小時(shí)。 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上信息寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文，在英文校報(bào)上投稿。

21、【寫(xiě)作提示】1.時(shí)態(tài): 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。2 人稱(chēng)：第一、三人稱(chēng)。3要點(diǎn):(1) 首段點(diǎn)明問(wèn)題：中學(xué)生的健康狀況。(2) 中間部分分析原因，具體要點(diǎn)可參考題目要求中的提示。(3) 最后是專(zhuān)家的建議。注意：詞數(shù) 100 左右【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】范文點(diǎn)評(píng)The research study group did a survey onstudentshealth.1 t_shows_thatthe number of studentswho put on weight is in creas ing and the health of themIt shows that. 引出調(diào)查has bee n goin

22、g from bad to worse.結(jié)果。_As_far_as 丄 am_c on cerned,_ As far as I am concernedthere are many factors accounting for the problem這是必備的表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的套語(yǔ)。above, but the follow ing might bethe criticalThere be +主語(yǔ)+on es.First ， the fact that they are busy with theirdoi ng/do ne 高級(jí)句型，提升homework and lack exercise exi

23、sts indeed.Second,they了文章的檔次。這個(gè)句型學(xué)生have little cha nee to do physical work like在寫(xiě)作時(shí)很容易出錯(cuò)。housework.Besides, they pay no atte ntio n to a first , second , besidesbala need diet.連接自然，條理清楚。Experts give us some advice on improv ing our They advise us not to,health.They advise us not to be addicted to pl

24、ayingWe should do.表示建議，computer games.We should have enough sleep to ensure語(yǔ)言委婉禮貌our study and take an active part in sports for aboutan hour every day.精品10 / 16登上月球，探索宇宙的奧秘是很多人的夢(mèng)想。然而，真正登上之后，會(huì)遇到很多困難， 例如保護(hù)皮膚、防止食物飛走、身體失重、行走困難等，請(qǐng)選取你可能遇到的一個(gè)難題，并 根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí)找到克服的辦法。注意：詞數(shù) 100 左右。答案:If I visited the moon ，there

25、would be a problem I might be faced with: how toeat and drink.On the earth, it is easy for us to eat and drin k.But on the moon，the gravity is so weak that the food will float aroundwould have to take allmy food with me if I went to the moon.So it could be put in a tube and the n I wouldbe able to s

26、uck it more easily.Perhaps I would use a straw to do it.It canpreve ntthe food from floati ngaway.O nly in this way would the problem be solved .I will havea try in time.|-課后演練強(qiáng)基提能-A 級(jí)基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)I.用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的正確形式填空1.She_(gentle) refused to accept the gifts.答案：gently2.If some one walks on the moon , he will feel

27、_ (weight) .答案：weightless3._ (exhaust) , I went to bed as soon as I got home.答案：Exhausted4.With the_(develop) of our country, our life is better and better.答案：development5._ How(disappoint) we were when we heard the news.答案：disappo in ted6.Somebelieve in the_ (exist)of life on Mars, while others con

28、sider itas a myth.答案：existenee7.Its_ (like)him to be late； hes usually on time.答案：uni ike11 / 168.Not all people are aware of the various effects of_ （globe）warming onEarth.答案：globaln.選詞填空go by; prevent from ； as if ; cheer up; break out; now that ; get close to ; depend on; get thehang of ; in time

29、1. Thegover nmenttook immediate measures and the diseasewas_ spreadi ng.答案：preve nted from2._ Our successwhether every one works hard.答案：depends on3.It was difficult for the helicopters to_the roof of the buildingbecause of the heavy smoke.答案：get close to4.He_at once when I promised to help him.答案：c

30、heered up5.They got to the airport by taxi just_ for their flight.答案：in time6._youve passed your test , you can drive on your own.答案：Now that7.Press the butt on whe n the light goes on, and youll soon_ it.答案：get the hang of8._ A fighting between the two friends,ending the friendship kept for many ye

31、ars.答案：broke out9.She felt_she were floating in the air.答案：as if10. I 江 was foolish of him to let the chanee_答案：go by川.完成下列句子1 . Larry has a back injury that may_（阻止他） playing intomorrows game.12 / 16答案：preve nt him from2.The elevators in this building_（總出故障）.答案：are always breaking down3. _（我們不可能 ）t

32、o get there in time.答案：Its impossible for us4._ Her ring is（是我的兩個(gè)大 ）mine.答案：twice as big as5. _ （既然）they have computers , it becomes easier to deal with theproblems.答案：Now thatB 級(jí)能力提升I.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B C 和 D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。The earth isthe only pla net that scie ntiststhink has life.Why does the e

33、arthhave life while the other planets dont? For one thing, the earth is just the right temperature.Asthe_third_planet from the sun，the earth seems to be just the right distanee away.The planets which arecloser to the sun are so hot that their surfaces bake（烘烤）in the sun.The farthest planets are cold

34、 balls.When the earth developed which scie ntists believe may have happe ned about 4billi on years ago many gases covered the earth.The gases caused the earth to be hot.But somethingwonderful happened.The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form.It rained very hard for a verylong time.Thi

35、s gave the earth its oceans.Water made it possible for plants to grow.Theplantscreatedoxygenin theatmosphere.Oxyge n is the gas that huma ns and ani mals breathe.Only one other planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth.That planet is Mars（ 火星）.Mars is smaller than the earth ，an

36、d it is quite a bit cooler.But it is not too cold for huma ns.Onsome days, the temperatures are as low as a win ter day in the northern Un ited States .Ifyou wore aspecial spacesuit,you could walk around on Mars.You would have to bring your own air to breathe,because the air on Mars is too thin to b

37、reathe.Mars has the largest volcano（火山）in the solar system.It is sixteen mileshigh.The highest volca no on the earth is five miles high.The most un expected（未預(yù)料至 U 的） sight on Mars is dried up river beds.Scientists believe that Mars was once much better tha13 / 16n it is no w.Does this mean there co

38、uld have bee n livi ng things on Mars? Scien tists are not sure, butthere has bee n no sig n so far.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章介紹了地球存在生命的原因以及火星的情況。1 Which of the following is NOT the reason that the earth has life?A The earth is just the right temperature.B The volcanos on the earth are lower than those on Mars.C Ther

39、e is oxygen in the atmosphere of the earth.D The earth seems to be just the right distance away from the sun.解析： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 文中提到地球是可證實(shí)的唯一有生命存在的太陽(yáng)系行星，其原因包括地球溫度合適、離太陽(yáng)距離適中和大氣里含有氧氣等。B 項(xiàng)火山與此無(wú)關(guān)。答案： B2 The underlined phrase “ the third planet ” in the first paragraph refers toA the SunB the MoonC the EarthD th

40、e Mars解析： 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中內(nèi)容可知距離太陽(yáng)第三遠(yuǎn)的行星指的是地球。 答案： C3 Which of the following about the Mars is NOT true?A There could have been living things on Mars.B Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system.C There is almost no oxygen in the air on Mars.D Mars is smaller than the earth， and it is quite a bit

41、cooler.解析： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 文章最后一段提到火星上有干涸的河床的跡象， 但這一點(diǎn)并不能證 實(shí)火星上存在生命，因?yàn)檫€沒(méi)有生命跡象，故A 項(xiàng)不正確。其他三項(xiàng)都與文章相符。答案： A4 Which of the following is probably the best title for the passage?A The EarthB The MoonC Planets in the solar systemD Mars is most like the Earth解析： 主旨大意題。 文章先說(shuō)明地球上存在生命的原因又對(duì)比了火星和地球，說(shuō)明火星是與地球最相似的行星。 D 項(xiàng)作標(biāo)題最為恰

42、當(dāng)。答案： Dn.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容， 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余 選項(xiàng)。Watching a sporting event with family and friends under the sun is a great14 / 16experienee in summer. In the United States, heat exposure led to 8, 000 deaths between 1979 and2OO3.Luckily, a little prevention can go a long way towards making s

43、ure of an enjoyable day.Know the dan gerHeat related illnesses do not require record breakingtemperatures tooccur._2_The bodys temperature can reach 106 or 107 degrees Fahre nheit on a 90degree day, creat ing a pote ntially deadly situati on. Factors such as age, weight or a medical con dition can i

44、n flue nee people.Drink ple nty of water_3_ Sweating is your bodys key way to keep cool, so drink water to stay well hydrated（ 含水的）before you feel thirsty.A cool beer may sound perfect on a hot day, but drink responsibly.Alcohol stopsthe bodys coolingsystem and causes you to goto the bathroom freque

45、 ntly._4_Wear light coloured and loosely fitting clothing, so air can go around yourbody and help keep you cool.A hat is a must to help you keep cool, since your head contains many bloodvessels（ 血管）,and sun block（ 防曬孚 L） is always a good idea.Take actionWhat should you do if you are sufferi ng from

46、the heat while watchi ng your favourite event?Get up and go.lt is a simple piece of advice, but could make the differe nee between a quick recoveryand somethingmore severe that requires medicalattention.The ideal thing is to move yourself from the position youre in to an area that is a littlecooler.

47、_5_A. Weather related causesB. Dress for the occasionC. In hot weather, it is essential to stay hydrated.D. You may miss a little of the action, but it beats missing a lot.E.It is also important to take advantage of services the equipment provides.F. But when you add sun exposure to the crowds, the

48、results can be deadly.G.Temperatures between 80 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit can be dangerous.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文就如何避免在炎炎烈日下看比賽被曬出疾病給出了一些建議。1.解析：由空后的例子“ 1979 至 2003 年間，在美國(guó)，因在烈日下而死亡的人數(shù)達(dá)到了 8000 人”可知，選 F 項(xiàng)。答案：F15 / 162.解析：由空后“在華氏 90 度(32C)的時(shí)候，我們?nèi)梭w的體溫能達(dá)到華氏106 或 107度（41C） ”可知，選 G 項(xiàng)。答案：G3.解析：由標(biāo)題“ Drink pienty ofwater ”

49、可知，選C 項(xiàng)。答案：C4.解析：該空是下一段的中心句。下一段講的是在烈日下的衣著，所以選B 項(xiàng)。答案：B5.解析：該段講的是中暑后的正確做法。所以選 E 項(xiàng)。答案：E川.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B C 和 D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。“ Kevin, we are getting a divorce，“ said my mother.My heart plunged（急降）.I was 9 years oldand I thought that my life was going to 1 . My brother and I were going t

50、o move with my mother tosouthern California.My dad was to _2_ in NewJersey because of work.My family was splitting apart.Nowthat my momis a 3 pare nt, I do my own laun dry, make dinner and do extra chores around thehouse._4_ it_ was hard at first, I now recog nize the positive _5_ that this resp on

51、sibility had onme.My mother gave me these _6_ and duties so that I would learn to become self disciplined（ 自律的）and trustworthy.I strive to show these _7_ in_my life, and have see n the ben efits.Whe n I wasonly 11 years old, my _8_ told me that he was selecting meas soccer team captain because of my

52、determ in atio n and ability to get my” teammates to _9_ themselves.We _10_ the champi on ship, butI won the fair play award for keep ing my team together.I amalways determ ined to be an in dividual and not participate in anything thatI feel is _11_ . I am, for example, extremely _12_ ofmy decision

53、not to drinkalcohol.Pers on ally, I dont feel the n eed to drink to have fun, and I sta nd by my decisi on eve n whenothers try to _13_ me._My mom and dad both found new _14_ nd happily remarried .I am _15_ close_to my father, even though he lives 4, 800 km away.I thought my parents divorce was goin

54、g to be theworst thing that _16_ happened to me.lronically （諷刺的是 ）,itturned out to be the _17_. I was nt willi ng to let it _18_ my life without putti ng up a fight, and n eitherwas my family.16 / 16At age 9, I fought with the con fusi on and _19_ of divorce.Today, at age 16,I un dersta nd that _20_

55、 can bring opport un ity and success, and that hard work, determ in ati on andself discipli ne can tur n your worst time into your best time.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文作者因父母離婚，反而獲得了更多的機(jī)會(huì)和成功。1. A.fall apartB . stand outC. carry onD. come true解析：根據(jù)前一句My heart plunged ” （我的心猛地一沉），可知我”認(rèn)為我”的 生活將會(huì)崩潰。故選Ao答案：A2.A.fight B. rema inC. accompanyD. practice解析：根據(jù)后句My family was splitting apart. ”可知我”的父親因?yàn)楣ぷ魅匀?在新澤西。故選 B。答案：B3. A.careless B . cruelC. niceD. single解析：上文提到父母離婚，由此可知母親成為單親母親。故選Do答案：D4.A.Although B. BecauseC