2020秋高二英語人教版選修7學案：Unit 2　RobotsSection Ⅰ　Warming UpReading

1、unit 2robotsabout robotsa robot is a machine which is designed to do the work of a human being. it is usually controlled by a computer. once it has been given a set of things to do, it will do the job on its own. robots can paint cars, salvage (搶救) nuclear fuel and even assist in brain surgery (外科手術

2、), but they're still pretty dumb. today robots can recognize forms and shapes and measure distance and so on. many robots have one or two of these abilities to some degree, but creating a competent (有能力的) robot that combines most or all of them has been difficult.current (目前的) robots have advanc

3、ed sensory systems that process information and appear to function as if they had brains. their “brain” is actually a form of computerized artificial intelligence (al). al allows a robot to perceive conditions and decide upon a course of action based on those conditions.a robot can include any of th

4、e following parts：effectors “arms”“l(fā)egs”“hands”“feet”sensors parts that act like senses and can detect (偵測) objects or things like heat and light and change the object information into symbols that computers understandcomputer the brain that contains instructions called algorithms (規(guī)則系統(tǒng)) to control

5、the robotequipment this includes tools and mechanical fixtures (機械手臂)開啟快樂學習之旅未來的機器人會是什么樣子，現(xiàn)在的機器人由哪些部分構成，它們主要應用在哪些領域？閱讀本文，了解機器人的一些基本常識吧！unit 2robots section warming up reading.重點單詞1desire vi. 渴望；欲望；渴求；vt. 希望得到；想要2satisfaction n. 滿意；滿足；令人滿意的事物satisfy vt. 使?jié)M意；使?jié)M足satisfied adj. 感到滿意的；感到滿足的3alarm vt. 使警覺

6、；使驚恐；驚動；n. 警報；驚恐alarmed adj. 擔心的；害怕的4sympathy n. 同情(心)5elegant adj. 優(yōu)雅的；高雅的；講究的6favour n. 喜愛；恩惠；vt. 喜愛；偏袒7scan vt. 細看；仔細檢查；粗略地看；瀏覽；掃描8absurd adj. 荒謬的；可笑的9accompany vt. 陪伴；伴奏company n. 陪伴；公司10awful adj. 極壞的；極討厭的；可怕的；(口語)糟透的11declare vt. 宣布；聲明；宣稱；表明12envy vt. 忌妒；羨慕envious adj. 嫉妒的；羨慕的.重點短語1test_out 考驗

7、出；檢驗完2ring_up 給打電話3turn_around 轉身；翻轉4leave.alone 不管；別惹；讓一個人待著；和單獨在一起.重點句式1itbeadj.that.it_was_disturbing_and_frightening_that he looked so human.他長得如此像人，令人不安和害怕。2表地點的副詞there位于句首引起的倒裝句as she turned around, there_stood gladys claffern.她一轉身，就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那兒。3cannot have sb.doing sth. 不能容忍某人做某事but e

8、ven though tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt you cannot_have_women_falling_in_love_with machines.但是，盡管托尼很聰明，他還得作一番改造總不能讓女人與機器人相愛吧。課文預讀satisfaction guaranteedlarry belmont worked for a company that made robots. recently it had begun experimenting with a household robot. it was goin

9、g to be tested out by larry's wife, claire.claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks， but larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. it would be a bonus. however, when she first saw the robot,

10、 she felt alarmed. his name was tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine. he was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed.satisfaction/sætis'fækn/n. 滿意；滿足；令人滿意的事物that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞a company。household/'hashld/adj. 家庭的

11、；家用的n一家人；家庭test out考驗出；檢驗完absent adj.不在的；缺席的as her husband would be absent.是as引導的時間狀語從句。bonus/'bns/n. 額外津貼；獎金；紅利alarmed/'lmd/adj. 擔心的；害怕的alarm/'lm/vt. 使警覺；使驚恐；驚動n. 警報；驚恐more.than.與其說倒不如說包君滿意第12段譯文拉里·貝爾蒙特在一家生產機器人的公司里工作。最近，該公司要對一個家用機器人進行試驗。這項試驗將由拉里的夫人克萊爾來檢驗?？巳R爾并不想把機器人留在家里，特別是當她丈夫將要離家三

12、周的時候，但是拉里說服了她，他說，機器人不會傷害她，也不會讓別人來傷害她。這會是個意外的收獲。然而，她初次見到機器人的時候就感到有點兒擔心。機器人名叫托尼，看上去更像一個人，而不像臺機器。他雖然面部表情毫無變化，但是個子高大，相貌英俊，頭發(fā)平整，聲音低沉渾厚。on the second morning tony, wearing an apron， brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing. she felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go.

13、it was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.one day, claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever. tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. but she began to trust him. she told him how she wa

14、s overweight and this made her feel unhappy. also she felt her home wasn't elegant enough for someone like larry who wanted to improve his social position. she wasn't like gladys claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.apron/'eiprn/n. 圍裙本句是主從復合句。whether引導賓語從句?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語we

15、aring an apron作定語，修飾tony。embarrassed adj. 難堪的；尷尬的disturbing adj. 引起煩惱的；令人不安的在句式it isadj.that.中，it是形式主語，that從句是真正的主語。ridiculous adj. 可笑的；荒謬的sympathy/'simpi/n. 同情(心)overweight/v'weit/adj. 超重的；體重超常的elegant/'elint/adj. 優(yōu)雅的；高雅的；講究的who wanted to improve his social position是who引導的定語從句，修飾larry。第

16、34段譯文第二天早晨，托尼戴著圍裙，給她端來了早餐，然后問她是否需要幫忙穿衣打扮。她感到有點兒尷尬，很快就打發(fā)他走了。機器人如此通人性，這使她覺得心煩和害怕。有一天，克萊爾說起，她覺得她自己不聰明。托尼則說，她一定是很不高興，才會說出這樣的話來?？巳R爾覺得，被一個機器人同情有點荒唐。但是她開始信任托尼了。她告訴托尼她是怎么變胖的，這讓她很不高興。還有對于像拉里這樣很想提高社會地位的人來說，她的家也不夠高雅。她跟格拉迪絲·克拉芬不一樣，格拉迪絲是遠近聞名的最有錢有勢的女人之一。 第56段譯文托尼為讓克萊爾高興，答應幫助她，使她變得更聰明，使她的家變得更高雅大方。于是克萊爾從圖書館借來一

17、堆書給托尼閱讀，更確切地說給他瀏覽一下。她驚奇地看著他的手指翻動著書頁，忍不住突然伸出手來摸他的手。他的手指甲和他那柔軟溫暖的皮膚使她感到大為驚異。她在想，這是多么可笑啊，他只不過是一臺機器呀。托尼給克萊爾換了個發(fā)型，又改變了她的化妝風格。因為不被允許陪克萊爾去商店，托尼就給她寫了一份購物清單。克萊爾進城去買了窗簾、坐墊、地毯和床上用品。然后她去了一家珠寶店買項鏈。柜臺售貨員對她很粗魯，她就打電話給托尼，讓售貨員同托尼講話。售貨員馬上就改變了態(tài)度?？巳R爾對托尼表示感謝，并說他是個“可愛的人”。她剛一轉過身去，就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那兒。克萊爾想，被格拉迪絲發(fā)現(xiàn)了，這多么難為情啊。

18、從格拉迪絲臉上的那有趣而又驚訝的神情來看，克萊爾知道，格拉迪絲認為她有風流韻事。畢竟格拉迪絲知道她的丈夫叫拉里，而不叫托尼。 第78段譯文克萊爾回到家里，坐在扶手椅上氣得直哭。格拉迪絲的一舉一動都是克萊爾想模仿的。托尼告訴克萊爾：“你可以同格拉迪絲一樣，”他還建議克萊爾邀請格拉迪絲和她的朋友到家里來玩，時間就定在托尼離去和拉里回家之前的那個晚上。托尼想在此之前將房子改裝得煥然一新。托尼有條不紊地搞著裝修?？巳R爾有一次想來幫忙，但是太笨手笨腳了。她竟從梯子上掉了下來，盡管托尼當時在隔壁房間里，但他還是及時趕過來把她接住了。他把她緊緊地摟在懷里，她感覺到了他身上的溫暖。她尖叫了起來，把他推開，跑回

19、她的房里，那天她就再也沒有出來過。 第910段譯文聚會的那天晚上來到了。時鐘敲響八點?？腿笋R上就要到來了，克萊爾叫托尼到另一個房間里去。就在那一瞬間，托尼彎曲胳膊摟著她，彎下身去把臉貼近她的臉。她大叫一聲“托尼”，然后聽到托尼一本正經地說，第二天他不想離開她，而且他并不滿足于僅僅使她開心。就在這時，前門的門鈴響了。托尼放開了她，消失得無影無蹤了。也就在這時，克萊爾才意識到托尼早就把前邊窗戶的窗簾拉開了。她的客人們把這一切看得一清二楚！克萊爾和她的房子、美食給女士們留下了深刻的印象。就在她們離開之前，克萊爾聽到格拉迪絲跟另外一個女人小聲地說，她從來沒有見過像托尼這樣英俊的男人。受到那些女士的忌妒

20、，這該是多么甜美的勝利！克萊爾也許并沒有她們那樣漂亮，但是她們中沒有任何一個人擁有這樣英俊的情人。 第1112段譯文這時候，她記起來了托尼只不過是一臺機器。她高聲嚷著“讓我獨自待一會兒”就跑上床?？巳R爾哭了一個晚上。第二天早晨一輛汽車開來，把托尼帶走了。公司對托尼同克萊爾相處三個星期的實驗報告非常滿意。托尼保護了一個人免受傷害。他使克萊爾沒有因為她的失敗感而傷害自己。那天晚上他拉開窗簾以便讓其他女人看到了他和克萊爾，他明白這么做對克萊爾的婚姻并不造成危害。但是，盡管托尼很聰明，他還得作一番改造總不能讓女人與機器相愛吧。課文理解.課文判斷正(t)誤(f)1larry was going to b

21、e away from home so he hired a robot to accompany his wife.(f)2claire didn't like the idea at the beginning, but she agreed to it at last.(t)3tony could understand claire when she said she was not clever.(t)4it was claire that first decided to invite gladys and her friends to her house.(f)5clair

22、e's guests were filled with admiration when they saw her house was completely changed.(t)6the company was satisfied with tony's report because he had successfully made a woman fall in love with him.(f).課文閱讀理解1why did claire feel alarmed at the sight of tony?abecause he was a robot.bbecause s

23、he didn't like him.cbecause he was more like a human being than a machine.dbecause he never changed his facial expressions.答案：c2the robot tony helped claire to realize her dream by _.amaking her home more elegantbgiving her a new haircut and changing the makeup she worecgiving her advice on her

24、dressesdall the above答案：d3why did claire buy the items from the shop?abecause her husband was to return.bbecause tony was to leave.cbecause tony wanted the house transformed.dbecause she thought she needed them.答案：c4which of the following is not the reason why tony opened the curtains?ato let other

25、women see everything.bto show the risk of claire's marriage.cto let other women envy claire.dto make claire elegant just like her neighbor.答案：b5as a result, the experiment shows _.aclaire fell in love with tonybtony had to be rebuiltctony was angry with his designerdboth a and b答案：d.課文難句分析1clair

26、e didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.句式分析本句是but連接的并列句。第一個分句中含有as引導的原因狀語從句；第二個分句中that引導賓語從句。自主翻譯克萊爾并不想把機器人留在家里，特別是丈夫離家的這三周。但是拉里說服她，機器人不會傷害她，也不會讓別人傷害她。

27、2she cried out “tony” and then heard him declare that he didn't want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.句式分析本句是一個主從復合句。heard him declare.是“hear賓語賓語補足語”結構；declare后接兩個并列的賓語從句，第一個that可以省略，而第二個that則不能省略。自主翻譯她大叫一聲“托尼”，然后聽到托尼一本正經地說，第二天他不想離開她，而且他并不滿足于僅僅使她

28、開心。3he had opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and claire, knowing that there was no risk to claire's marriage.句式分析本句是一個主從復合句。so that引導目的狀語從句；knowing that there was no risk to claire's marriage為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，其中that引導賓語從句，作know的賓語。自主翻譯那晚他拉開了窗簾，以便讓其他女士看到他和克萊爾，并且知

29、道那不會對克萊爾的婚姻帶來風險的。1 (教材p10)do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires?你認為機器人有可能有自己的需求和欲望嗎？(1)have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事desire that. 渴望(從句中謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”，其中should可以省略)溫馨提示當desire后接同位

30、語從句、表語從句或者賓語從句時，that從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣“should動詞原形”，且should可省略。即學即用(1)he has a strong desire for knowledge/to learn knowledge.他有強烈的求知欲。(2)the desire to help others must come from the deep heart.幫助別人的愿望必須來自內心深處。(3)he has a desire that his books (should)_be_read by as many people as possible.他有一個愿望，即他的書能夠被盡

31、可能多的人閱讀。(4)he is an aggressive young man, who always desires_to be first in everything he does.他是一個進取心強的年輕人，任何他做的事他都想得第一。2 (教材p11)however, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed.然而當她初次見到機器人的時候，她感到驚恐。(1)in alarm驚恐地sound/give/raise the alarm 發(fā)出警報；敲警鐘(2)be alarmed at/by. 被嚇一跳；對感到擔心be/feel/get a

32、larmed to do. 做感到驚恐(3)alarmed adj. 受驚的，驚恐的alarming adj. 引起驚恐的；令人擔憂的即學即用(1)we were much alarmed by the fire in the forest at the time.當時森林失火使我們大為驚慌。(2)as soon as he saw the smoke, he sounded the alarm.一看見煙霧，他就鳴響了警報。(3)用alarm的正確形式填空i am rather alarmed to hear that you are planning to leave the company

33、.i don't want to alarm you, but there is a strange man in your garden.the rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate.“what have you done？” mary cried in alarm.3 (教材p11)claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.克萊爾覺得被一個機器人同情有點兒荒唐可笑。feel/have sympathy for sb. 同情某人in

34、sympathy with 同情；贊同；支持out of sympathy 出于同情have no/some/etc. sympathy with不支持，不贊同/贊同，支持即學即用(1)the man is cold­hearted and he has no sympathy for beggars.這個人很冷血，他不同情乞丐。(2)the woman expressed sympathy for the little girl's sufferings.這位女士對小女孩的遭遇表示同情。(3)i'm in_sympathy_with you on that poin

35、t.在那一點上我支持你的看法。(4)he gave the poor child much help out_of_sympathy.出于同情他給了這個窮孩子很多幫助。4 (教材p11)as a favour tony promised to help claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.托尼為讓克萊爾高興，答應幫助她，使她變得更漂亮，使她的家變得更高雅大方。(1)do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.幫某人的忙ask sb.a favourask a favour of sb. 請某人幫忙in

36、 favour of. 支持in sb's favour 對某人有利(2)favourite adj. 特別喜歡的favourable adj. 贊同的；有利的即學即用(1)do me a favour and turn the radio down while i'm on the phone, will you?勞駕，我在打電話時你把收音機的聲音調小點兒好嗎？(2)we are in favour of her promotion to president.我們支持把她提升為主席。(3)the weather favoured our voyage.天氣對我們的航行有利。(

37、4)讀句子猜favour的含義a mother shouldn't show too much favour to one of her children. 偏愛(5)the rule is in most_people's_favour.這個規(guī)定對大多數人有利。(6)while listening, you can nod your head to show you are in_favour_of her views.在聽的時候，你可以點頭表示你贊同她的觀點。5 (教材p11)as he was not allowed to accompany her to the sho

38、ps, he wrote out a list of items for her.因為克萊爾不讓托尼陪她去商店，所以托尼就給她寫了份購物清單。(1)accompany sb.to sp.陪某人去某地accompany sb.on/at sth. 用給某人伴奏(2)keep pany 陪伴某人溫馨提示(1)通常不用accompany sb.to do sth.結構；(2)accompany(陪伴，伴隨)是及物動詞，其后無需用介詞。但用于被動語態(tài)時，其后可接介詞with或by。即學即用(1)yesterday i accompanied my mother to the shop.昨天我陪著媽媽去

39、了商店。(2)strong winds were accompanied by heavy rain.狂風夾雜著暴雨。(3)the singer was_accompanied on the piano by her elder sister.女歌手由她姐姐鋼琴伴奏。(4)陪伴那位老人的是一條狗。(一句多譯)what accompanies the old man is a dog.what keeps the old man company is a dog.6 (教材p11)she cried out “tony” and then heard him declare that he di

40、dn't want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她大叫一聲“托尼”，然后聽到托尼一本正經地說，明天他不想離開她，而且他并不滿足于僅僅使她開心。declare for/against聲明贊成/反對declare sb./sth.(to be)adj./n. 聲稱某人/某事declarethat從句 宣布/宣告declare war on/upon/against 對宣戰(zhàn)declare itadj.wh­從句 宣稱it is/wasdeclar

41、edthat從句 據宣布易混辨析(1)declare指在莊嚴場合，官方的權威人士公開、鄭重地宣布，有時指在公共場合對某事表明態(tài)度。(2)announce指對公眾或特定人群進行宣布，常指大家感興趣的事，如國家大事和商品信息等。即學即用(1)they will declare the results of the election soon.他們將很快宣布選舉的結果。(2)the judge declared him (to be) the winner of the competition.裁判宣布他為比賽的冠軍。(3)she declared (that) she was right.她宣稱她

42、是正確的。(4)germany declared war on/upon/against france in 1914.德國在1914年向法國宣戰(zhàn)了。(5)選詞填空(declare/announce)the republic of south sudan declared itself independence in 2011.they announced the date of their wedding in the newspaper.(6)根據漢語提示完成句子the government is going to declare_war_on/against/upon (向宣戰(zhàn)) pol

43、lution.the monitor announced_that (通知) there would be an english party next tuesday.the spokesman of the foreign ministry will announce_the_news_to (向發(fā)布新聞) the reporters.1 (教材p11)when the clerk at the counter was rude to her, she rang tony up and told the clerk to speak to him.當柜臺的售貨員粗魯地對待她時，她就打電話給托

44、尼，讓售貨員同托尼說話。ring off 掛斷電話ring back 回電話ring out (鐘聲)響起；送別即學即用i rang her up yesterday, but nobody answered it.我昨天打過(電話)給她了，但無人回應。i was about to answer the phone when it was rung off.我正要接電話，這時電話被掛斷了。can you hear the church bells ringing out the old year?你能聽到教堂的鐘聲在辭送舊歲嗎？名師點津表示“給某人打電話”的表達還有：call up, give

45、.a call/ring, phone/call/telephone.等。2 (教材p11)as she turned around, there stood gladys claffern.她一轉身，就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那兒。turn round轉身turn down 拒絕；調小turn up 出現(xiàn)；調高turn over 翻轉；移交turn to 轉向；翻到；求助于turn in 上交turn out 結果是即學即用she turned around/round and saw her companion running toward her out of breath.她

46、轉過身來，看見她的同伴氣喘吁吁地向她跑來。i am afraid your request for a pay rise was turned down again.恐怕你們要增加工資的要求又一次被拒絕。we were all overjoyed at the news that the experiment turned out a success.聽到這個試驗成功的消息，我們都非常高興。having read page one, she turned over to page two.讀完了第一頁，她翻到第二頁。3 leave.alone 不管；別惹；讓一個人待著；和單獨在一起(教材p12

47、)she shouted “l(fā)eave me alone” and ran to her bed.她高聲喊：“讓我獨自待一會兒！”然后就跑向她的床上。leave out省去；遺漏leave aside 擱置在一邊leave for 動身去leave behind 留下；忘記即學即用no child likes being left alone at home while others go out to enjoy themselves.沒有孩子會喜歡被一個人留在家里，而別人都出去玩了。before you leave, take care not to leave anything behi

48、nd.離開前，注意不要丟下什么東西。john is leaving for london tomorrow and i will see him off at the airport.約翰將明天前往倫敦，我要去機場為他送行。1 she wasn't like gladys claffern， one of the richest and most powerful women around.她跟格拉迪絲·克拉芬不一樣，格拉迪絲是遠近聞名的最有錢有勢的女人之一。本句中one of the richest.在句中作同位語，對gladys claffern作進一步解釋和說明。(1)

49、名詞、代詞作同位語。there is an emergency shelter in winnipeg called “hannah's place”， something that hannah is very proud of.(2017·北京高考)在winnipeg這個地方有個叫hannah's place的應急庇護所，這是hannah為之感到自豪的地方。i'm li hua, a_student_from_china.(2014·全國卷i滿分作文)我是李華，一位來自中國的學生。(2)不定式、動名詞作同位語。the young man trie

50、d to achieve his aim entering the key university.這個年輕人努力實現(xiàn)他的目標進入重點大學。(3)從句作同位語。同位語從句通常跟在某些抽象名詞(fact, plan, view, idea, belief, opinion, possibility, thought等)后，用來說明所修飾詞的內容。in the meantime, those volunteers hold the opposite view that they are fed up with the earth life and eager for living on the ma

51、rs.同時，那些持相反觀點的志愿者認為，他們已經厭倦了地球上的生活，渴望到火星居住。2 but even though tony had been so clever， he would have to be rebuiltyou cannot have women falling in love with machines.但是，盡管托尼很聰明，他還得作一番改造總不能讓女人與機器相愛吧。(1)have sb.doing sth.表示“讓某人做某事”，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，表示持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)。don't have the light burning like that.不要讓燈總那樣

52、亮著。you may have your horse running (run) freely on grassland.在草原上你可以讓馬自由馳騁。(2)have的其他常見搭配：have sb.do sth.讓某人做某事have sth.done使某事情被做或使遭遇(某種不幸)have sth.to do(主語)有某事要做i'll have mary show (show) you to your room.我會讓瑪麗帶你去你的房間。i had my watch repaired (repair) yesterday.我昨天讓人修了手表。.單詞拼寫1he has great symp

53、athy (同情) for the poor and the unfortunate.2when it was declared (宣布) that the 19th cpc national congress was a success, all the chinese cheered.3to our satisfaction (滿意), the disabled have easy access to any part of the new theatre.4it is desired (渴望) that you join our club, as it is a great way to

54、 keep fit and a good chance to relax ourselves.5since i have never been there before, i am writing to ask you to do me a favour_ (幫忙)6he has an ambition to accompany (陪伴) his mother to jiuzhaigou for a trip.7we all envy (羨慕) him the good chance to make a profit.8if there is a fire, don't forget

55、to call the number 119 and sound the alarm (警報)9it is known to all that the obesity and overweight (超重) problems are on the rise in china.10from ancient times, guilin has been noted for its elegant (優(yōu)雅的) landscape.選詞填空test out, ring up, turn around, leave.alone, be impressed by/with, or rather, in favour of, with