電氣畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯--智能建筑

1、外文文獻(xiàn)：The Intelligent BuildingOne of the benefits of the rapid evolution of information technology has been the development of systems that can measure, evaluate, and respond to change。An enhanced ability to control change has sparked developments in the way we design our physical environment, in par

2、ticular, the buildings in which we work。As a result, we are witnessing significant growth in the area of "Intelligent Buildings"-buildings that incorporate information technology and communication systems, making them more comfortable, secure, productive, and cost-effectiveWhat is an Intel

3、ligent Building? An Intelligent Building is one equipped with the telecommunications infrastructure that enables it to continuously respond and adapt to changing conditions, allowing for a more efficient use of resources and increasing the comfort and security of its occupants。 An Intelligent Buildi

4、ng provides these benefits through automated control systems such as: heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC)； fire safety； security； and energy/lighting management。For example, in the case of a fire, the fire alarm communicates with the security system to unlock the doors。 The security sy

5、stem communicates with the HVAC system to regulate the flow of air to prevent the fire from spreading。 What benefits do Intelligent Buildings offer their owners and occupants? The introduction in the workplace of computers printers photocopiers, and fax machines has increased indoor pollution。Electr

6、ical and telecommunications facilities in office buildings are under pressure to satisfy the demands created by the rapid growth of computer and networking technologies。These factors have a definite impact on productivity. New technology can be used to create Intelligent Buildings that address these

7、 problems by providing a healthier, more productive, and less energy-intensive work environment。As these are critical factors for business success, owners of Intelligent Buildings have a clear advantage in attracting and retaining 21st-century tenants。 How do Intelligent Buildings lead to cost savin

8、gs?The Intelligent Building concept recognizes that the true cost of a building is not simply its cost of construction; it must contain the costs of operate and maintenance over the structure's life span。By optimizating automated control, communication, and management systems, Intelligent Buildi

9、ngs cost has reduced in all of these areas。They also guard against the increasing of repairing costs, productivity loss, revenue loss, and the loss of customers。 Can an Intelligent Building infrastructure be installed in existing buildings?Yes。The key competency of transformating conventional buildi

10、ngs into intelligent ones is installing single structured cabling network。Standard buildings featured in using different kinds of designs and administration methods from system to system。 The additional facility of construction structured turns a conventional building into an intelligent one which c

11、an provide with increased efficiency and guarding it against system breakdowns。 Why do Intelligent Buildings increasingly become a part of business imperative?Because they contribute to the business requirements as follows: · To communicate data quickly and reliably · To exercise greater c

12、ontrol over the work environment · To improve productivity and cost-effectiveness In response to these needs, it offers its Business Solution of intelligent wiring。 Intelligent buildings design and construction management systemsThe field of Intelligent Buildings, Intelligent Homes, Building Ma

13、nagement Systems (BMS) encompass an enormous variety of technologies, across commercial, industrial, institutional and domestic buildings which including energy management systems and building controls。The function of Building Management Systems is central to 'Intelligent Buildings' concepts

14、；its purpose is to monitor the function of building such as lighting，heating，security, CCTV and alarm systems；access control；audio-visual and entertainment systems ventilation filtration and climate control etc even time & attendance control and reporting (notably staff movement and availability

15、)。The potential within these concepts and the surrounding technology is vast and our live are changing from the effects of Intelligent Buildings developments on our living and working environments。 The origins of Intelligent Buildings and Building Management Systems have roots in the industrial sect

16、or in the 1970's, from the systems and controls used to automate production processes and to optimise plant performances。The concepts and applications were then adapted, developed and modularised during the 1980's。Intelligent buildings - control system The essence of Building Management Syst

17、ems lies in the Intelligent Buildings and control technologies, which allows integration, automation, optimising services and equipment provide services and managing environment。The essence of Intelligent Management Systems lies in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) which formed the original basis

18、 of the control technologies。Later the developments of commercial and residential applications were based on “distributed-intelligence microprocessors”. Taking advantage of these technologies allows to use various Internet construction and services, which often significantly reduces cost and saves e

19、nergy。 Heating - time-based control · Temperature control: when external temperature reaches a set level (0°C)，run heating system pumps to protect the system from freezing or frost. · Compensated systems: It will heat temperature to control the electricity when the temperature drops a

20、nd this will give a rise in the circuit flow temperature.· Thermostatic radiator valves: the thermodetector of which installing in the same room can change the radiator radiates accordingly to the relevant flow.· Proportional control: including auto-switching equipment and auto-output adju

21、sting. Lighting control methods · Zones: In order to avoid only a small parts of lights can be used in a large area, lights are switched on corresponding to the use and layout of the lit areas. · Time control: to switch on and off automatically in each zone at times to a preset schedule fo

22、r light use。 · Passive Infra-Red (PIR) Occupancy sensing: In areas which are occupied intermittently, occupancy sensors can be used to indicate whether or not anybody is present and control the switch of lights accordingly。 Building management systems and intelligent buildings - energy savingsU

23、ntil recent years, energy efficiency has been used at a relatively low priority and building owners and investors pay little attention to it。 However, with the dramatic increase of energy use and decrease of energy capacity, the concept of energy cost-efficiency has already soon became the important

24、 strategy of estate management, facilities management and also has being involving into the construction. For lighting, energy savings can be up to 75% of the original circuit load, which represents 5% of the total energy consumption of the residential and commercial sectors。 Experiences from studie

25、s in Austria suggest potential heating and cooling energy savings are up to 30% in public buildings。Even allowing for the fact that buildings used in the study may have been those with particularly high energy usage, the figure is an impressive oneBuilding management systems and intelligent building

26、s - environmental and greenhouse gas benefits Greenhouse gas emission reductions depend on and correlate to reductions in energy use。 Intelligent Buildings and Building Management Systems technologies contribute directly to the reduction in energy use, in commercial, industrial, institutional and do

27、mestic residential sectors。In short, Intelligent Buildings and suitably applied Building Management Systems are good for the environment。Legislation and environmental standards；health and safety regulations；and global trends towards improving indoor air quality standards are all significant drivers

28、of - and provide a continuous endorsement of the need for - Building Management Systems and the Intelligent Buildings technologies。 Government Initiatives around the world are also driving the development and adoption of Building Management Systems technologies。For example the UK Carbon Trust allows

29、 Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) to be offset against taxation on energy efficient systems, which enables savings of around 30% for all energy-related Building Management Systems and Intelligent Buildings equipment, and the associated installation and design costs。Building management systems and in

30、telligent buildings - market trendsIn Britain, through the establishment and control of the main high-tech fully into the new decoration industry, in recent years, the British buildings market to set up the new management system, make significant changes innovation.· Heating system 70%。 ·

31、Hot water control system 90%。 · Air conditioning control system 80%。 But according to the European commission statistics, as many as 90% of existing buildings have not adapt or invalid control system, many need a thorough overhaul.The "intelligence" construction has become a real esta

32、te developers and owners hot spot, 24 hour visible entrance guard, long-distance meter reading billing, all kinds of community service projects and convenient video on demand, on the web for village residents offered many life convenient. But the "intelligence" construction is a complex te

33、chnology application project, as a community "intelligent" of the implementation of the relevant departments, need to pay attention, be ware of new construction erroneous zone. 1、 Beware of haste to build, lack of careful planning.。"Intelligent" general by broadband network and s

34、everal related the sub-project to realist, long-distance meter reading billing, security monitoring, all kinds of alarm systems, Internet browsing, etc are to be included in the operation of the residential broadband network category. In software, needs to have the special application scheme for the

35、 development of community network information management system. The author thinks that although all sorts of relevant products have been listed, individual products have already become more and more mature, but quite part of products in the technical specifications of the lack of uniform standard,

36、integrated broadband and intelligence of conditions remain to be mature. Many residents of the village persuaded by manufacturers install visible interphone today, assemble with long-distance meter reading tomorrow , this phenomenon do not only cause with various circuitry within the cross, repeat c

37、onstruction, and independent running each manufacturer equipment to realize "intelligent" original intention in the building area of . Certainly, this is not to say that the current implementation can't intelligent, but the broadband network lying, LAN and the equipment can be brought

38、into operation should be of broadband in under the guidance of experts. 2、Beware of "broadband" business trap. As "broadband" gradually popular, a group of specialized business "broadband" business company arises at the historic moment. They frequently to property distr

39、ict promised to put into tens of thousands of funds; the plot offers one or two houses and other intelligent construction undertaken by "broadband" business company. The author thinks that "broadband" commercial service as a market behavior, both parties shall in contract introdu

40、ced in detail in the profits to investors, Property Company also should clearly understand both sides in the future cooperation in their respective rights and obligations. In the process of real estate, a community in the future the owners of the consumption of whether they should have the "rig

41、ht to know" and "options", how the legitimacy of the contract is worth discussing.3、Beware of pay heavily close attention to hardware, software, lightly weight, the tendency of investment use. In the implementation of intelligent management solutions in the process, some units invest

42、a lot of money to buy equipment, professional maintenance personnel allocation, and software is to disdain to investment, the use of the software is also the secretary or other personnel part-time settles., however, in the implementation of the process of intelligent software is the foundation and t

43、he core, a set of complete information management plan, no matter how perfect hardware facilities, lack of software support (exactly say support) the system is not a successful design.The author thinks that in the process of implementation of "intelligence" , prior to listen to all levels

44、of management department opinions, the "intelligence" to realize what management function, this is the core of make plan; And then listen to the opinions of the professional staff, give full play to the function of equipment in hardware, on the basis of pay attention to in the management m

45、eans, existing equipment, the scheme can provide for management which data, what are the specific management work to supplement and improve. The goal is to clear, avoid by all means is to "leadership will" and "take it for granted" to do.中文譯文：智能建筑信息技術(shù)的快速演變帶來得好處已經(jīng)發(fā)展到可以來測量、 評估和應(yīng)對變化

46、。 一種更強(qiáng)的控制改變的能力,已經(jīng)影響了我們設(shè)計物理環(huán)境的方式,尤其是對我們建筑物設(shè)計。因此，我們正目睹著"智能建筑"領(lǐng)域的日益增長-建筑融合了信息技術(shù)和通信系統(tǒng)，使其更加舒適、安全、高效和高成本效益。什么是智能建筑智能建筑是配備通訊設(shè)施,在適應(yīng)不斷變化的影響條件下,允許其更有效地利用資源和增加居民的舒適感和安全感。智能建筑通過自動化控制系統(tǒng)提供這些好處,例如:加熱、通風(fēng)、空調(diào)(暖通)；消防安全；安保；能源/照明管理。 比如說,在發(fā)生火災(zāi)時,消防安全報警系統(tǒng)控制打開大門。安防系統(tǒng)控制中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)空氣流量,以防止火勢蔓延。智能建筑對業(yè)主及住戶提供什么好處?辦公區(qū)域的計算機(jī)

47、、打印機(jī)、復(fù)印機(jī)、 機(jī)增加了室內(nèi)污染。為滿足計算機(jī)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的快速革新,因而在辦公樓內(nèi)創(chuàng)建了電器和通訊設(shè)施。這些因素對工作效率有顯著影響。新技術(shù)通過提供一個更健康、更有效, 少能源密集型的工作環(huán)境來建造智能建筑，以便解決上述問題。因為這些有利商業(yè)成功的關(guān)鍵因素,智能建筑的業(yè)主有一個吸引和留住二十一世紀(jì)用戶的明確優(yōu)勢。如何使智能建筑節(jié)約成本?智能建筑的概念真正認(rèn)識到了成本不僅是簡單的建筑成本；它必須包括結(jié)構(gòu)壽命的操作和維修費(fèi)用。通過優(yōu)化自動控制、通訊和管理系統(tǒng),智能建筑削減所有這些方面的成本。他們也防范修理費(fèi)的增加、生產(chǎn)力損失、收入損失、客戶流失。智能建筑設(shè)備可以安裝在現(xiàn)有的建筑物上面嗎？當(dāng)然可

48、以。改造傳統(tǒng)的智能建筑的核心能力是：安裝一個單一的網(wǎng)絡(luò)布線。 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建筑從系統(tǒng)到系統(tǒng)可以用不同的設(shè)計和管理方法為特色。建筑構(gòu)造附帶的設(shè)施把一個常規(guī)建筑變成智能建筑, 它提供較高的效率和防范，免遭系統(tǒng)故障。為什么智能建筑逐步的成為企業(yè)規(guī)則的一部分?因為他們對企業(yè)有以下貢獻(xiàn): 1、 迅速和可靠地通信數(shù)據(jù)2、 行使更大的監(jiān)管工作環(huán)境的能力3、 提高生產(chǎn)率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益針對這些需求, 提供智能布線業(yè)務(wù)解決方案。 智能建筑設(shè)計與建筑管理系統(tǒng) 智能建筑領(lǐng)域,智能化住宅,建筑管理系統(tǒng)(房舍)包含了多種技術(shù), 經(jīng)由全國商業(yè)、工業(yè)及住宅樓宇的機(jī)構(gòu),包括能源管理制度,建立管制。建筑管理系統(tǒng)的功能是智能型建筑概念的核心；

49、其目的是為了監(jiān)控建筑物的功能,例如:燈光、供暖、安全、閉路電視和警報系統(tǒng)；視聽娛樂系統(tǒng)、通風(fēng)、過濾和氣候控制等準(zhǔn)確控制；甚至于時間控制。這些潛在的觀念及多種邊緣技術(shù)，正在改變我們的生活。 智能建筑的起源與建設(shè)管理體制在20世紀(jì)70年代根植于工業(yè)部門從系統(tǒng)和控制化用于自動化生產(chǎn)過程和優(yōu)化工廠效益。上世紀(jì)80年代，當(dāng)時的概念與應(yīng)用相結(jié)合協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。 智能樓宇控制論建筑管理系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)是在智能建筑和控制技術(shù)，它使一體化、自動化、所有優(yōu)化服務(wù)和設(shè)備提供服務(wù)和管理環(huán)境。智能化管理系統(tǒng)本質(zhì)是建立在可編程控制器(PLC)原有基礎(chǔ)上形成的控制技術(shù)。后來在商業(yè)和住宅的應(yīng)用發(fā)展是基于“分布式智能微處理器”。利用這些技

50、術(shù)可以充份運(yùn)用到各種網(wǎng)站建設(shè)和服務(wù)，往往大幅降低成本,大量節(jié)省能源。供暖時間的控制 溫度控制:當(dāng)外部溫度達(dá)到設(shè)置溫度（0）的時候運(yùn)行加熱泵防止系統(tǒng)冷凍或者結(jié)冰。補(bǔ)償制度: 當(dāng)溫度下降時，它將通過加熱溫度控制電路，使氣溫上升。溫控閥: 安裝在同一房間的溫度檢測器通過相應(yīng)的流量控制器改變散熱器散熱。比例控制:包括自動開關(guān)設(shè)備自動調(diào)節(jié)輸出。照明控制方法分區(qū)控制: 為了避免出現(xiàn)大面積燈具而只有一小部分需要使用的情況的發(fā)生，不同區(qū)域的燈具都有相應(yīng)的開關(guān)。時間控制:自動轉(zhuǎn)換,間斷地在每一個區(qū)域根據(jù)預(yù)定日程使用。紅外傳感器的使用:在所監(jiān)管的地區(qū)，使用感應(yīng)器可以用來判斷是否有人在場控制燈具的開關(guān)。建筑管理系統(tǒng)

51、和智能建筑的能源節(jié)約近年來,能源利用率一直比較低,業(yè)主和投資者的對此也不重視。然而,隨著能源使用急劇增加和能源儲備量急劇減少，能源效益觀念已迅速成為房地產(chǎn)管理、設(shè)備管理和業(yè)務(wù)的重要戰(zhàn)略，并且正在滲入建筑行業(yè)。在照明方面,住宅和商業(yè)部門按投資總量5%節(jié)省能源可達(dá)原電路負(fù)荷75%。經(jīng)驗表明奧地利公共建筑物節(jié)能能力高達(dá)30%，就算考慮到建筑物的使用與研究,尤其是那些可能使用的大量能源，這個數(shù)字是令人印象深刻的。和建筑管理系統(tǒng)和智能建筑環(huán)境效益有關(guān)的智能建筑技術(shù)、建筑管理系統(tǒng)在工商業(yè)和住宅業(yè)減少溫室氣體的排放、降低能源使用直接有助于減少能源使用?？傊? 良好的智能建筑的建設(shè)和管理體制對環(huán)境有利。立法和

52、環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，健康與安全法規(guī)，全球趨勢和改善室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均顯示需要建設(shè)智能化建筑管理系統(tǒng)和技術(shù)。政府還倡議全世界通過技術(shù)開發(fā)建設(shè)管理系統(tǒng)。譬如英國信托允許所有與能源有關(guān)的建筑管理系統(tǒng)、智能樓宇設(shè)備、 設(shè)計與安裝及相關(guān)費(fèi)用抵消30%左右的稅收。建筑管理系統(tǒng)和智能建筑市場趨勢在英國,通過建立和控制主要的高新技術(shù)全面推向新裝修行業(yè)，近些年來,英國建筑市場建立新的管理體制，促成重大革新。所有部門建議：加熱系統(tǒng)70%。熱水控制系統(tǒng)90%。空調(diào)控制80%。不過據(jù)歐洲委員會統(tǒng)計，多達(dá)90%的現(xiàn)有建筑物有不適應(yīng)的或無效的控制系統(tǒng)，許多需要徹底翻修。 小區(qū)的“智能化”建設(shè)已經(jīng)成為房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商和業(yè)主關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)，24小時可視門禁、遠(yuǎn)程抄表計費(fèi)、各種社區(qū)服務(wù)項目以及方便的視頻點(diǎn)播、網(wǎng)上瀏覽為小區(qū)居民提供了諸多生活上的方便。但小區(qū)的“智能化”建設(shè)是一項技術(shù)復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用項目，作為小區(qū)實施“智能化”的有關(guān)部門，需要多加注意，謹(jǐn)防步入新的建設(shè)誤區(qū)。 一、謹(jǐn)防倉促上馬，缺乏周密規(guī)劃?！爸悄芑币话阌蓪拵ЬW(wǎng)