英語情態(tài)動詞用法講義（詳細(xì)總結(jié)）

1、情態(tài)動詞比較need和dare這兩詞既可做實(shí)義動詞用，又可做情態(tài)動詞用。作為情態(tài)動詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句need 作實(shí)義動詞時后面的不定式必須帶t。，而dare作實(shí)義動詞用時，后面的to時常可以被省略。1）實(shí)義動詞：need （需要，要求）need + n. / to do sth2）情態(tài)動詞：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為need not °Need you go yet?Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.3） need的被動含義：need, want, require, worth （形容詞）后面接doing也可以

2、表示被動： need doing = need to be done帶to的情態(tài)動詞帶 to 的情態(tài)動詞有四個:ought to, have to, used to, be to,如加上 have got to ,（=must）, be able to » 為六個 ° 它們的 疑問，否定形式應(yīng)予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.You ought not to have

3、 told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?ought to本身作為情態(tài)動詞使用。其他的詞作為實(shí)義動詞使用，變疑問，否定時，須有do等助動詞協(xié)助。 典型例題Tom ought not tome your secret, but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D. having told答案A。由于后句為過去時，告訴秘密的動作又發(fā)生在其前因，此地應(yīng)用過去完成時，但它在情態(tài)動詞ought t。 后，所以用have。情態(tài)動詞的回答方式問句肯定回

4、答否定回答Need you-? Yes, I must. No,! needn'tMust you?/don't have to.典型例題1 ） -Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you.A. might B. will C. can D. should答案C.could表示委婉的語氣，并不為時態(tài)。答語中of course，表示肯定的語氣，允許某人做某事時，用can和 may來表達(dá)1不能用could或might。復(fù)習(xí)：will與you連用，用來提出要求或下命令。should與you連用，用來 提出勸告。2 ) 一S

5、hall I tell John about it?-No, you. Fve told him already.A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn*t D. shouldn*t答案A ° needn't不必，不用。wouldn't將不，不會的。mustn't禁止、不能。shouldn't不應(yīng)該。本題為不需 要，不必的意思，應(yīng)用needn*t。3 ) -Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -.A. I don't B. I w

6、on't C. I can*t D. I haven*t答案B. will既可當(dāng)作情態(tài)動詞，表請求、建議、也可作為實(shí)義動詞表”意愿、意志、決心本題表示決心， 選B。will 和 would注意：1) would like ； Would like to do = want to 想要 , 為固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?2) Will you-? Would you like-?表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some,而不是any。Would you like some cake?3)否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用will，一般不用would, won&#

7、39;t you是一種委婉語氣。Won't you sit down?would rather 表示"寧愿”would rather dowould rather not dowould rather, than寧愿而不愿。還有 would sooner, had rather, had sooner 都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than g

8、o home. = I would stay here rather than go home.典型例題-Shall we go skating or stay at home?-Whichdo?A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather答案B。本題考查情態(tài)動詞rather的用法，would rather +do sth意為“寧愿”，本題為疑問句» would提前，所以選B。had better表示最好had better相當(dāng)于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。

9、had better do sthhad better not do sthIt is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示與事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果，意為"本來最好"。You had better have come earlier.should 和 ought toshould和ought to都為“應(yīng)該”的意思，可用于各種人稱。一Ought he to go?-Yes. I think he ou

10、ght to.表示要求'命令時，語氣由should (應(yīng)該)' had belter最好)、must (必須)漸強(qiáng)。情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示過去，推測過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情。Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2) must have

11、+done sth，對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測，語氣較強(qiáng)，具有“肯定"，”諒必”的意思。-Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.She must have gone by bus.3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本應(yīng)該做某事，而事實(shí)上并沒有做。否定句表示”不該做某事而做了”。You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thr

12、own the old clothes away.(事實(shí)上已扔了 ° )ought to在語氣上比should要強(qiáng)。4) needn't have done sth本沒必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.5) would like to have done sth本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.表示推測的用法can, co

13、uld, may, might, must皆可表示推測，其用法如下：1)情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞。I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2)情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。3)情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時。表示對過去情況的推測。We would have finished this work by the

14、end of next December.明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。 表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。Your mother must have been looking for you. 你媽媽一定一直在找你。5）推測的否定形式，疑問形式用can't, couldn't表示。Mike can*t have found his car, for he came to work by bus this mo

15、ming.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥砩习嗟?。注意：could, might表示推測時不表示時態(tài)，其推測的程度不如can, may。must表示推測1） must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為“一定”。2） must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must后面通常接系動詞be的原形或行為動詞的進(jìn)行式。You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天'一定累了。（對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷）He must be working in his office.他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較：He must

16、 be staying there.他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。He must stay there.他必須呆在那。3） must表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must要接完成式。I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我剛才沒有聽到電話'我想必是睡著了。4） must表示對過去某時正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。Why didn't you answer my phone call?-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.

17、5）否定推測用can*t °If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開這兒，他此時一定還未至（J家 °比較 have to 和 must1）兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to表示客觀的需要，must表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night,我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里

18、把醫(yī)生 請來。（客觀上需要做這件事）He said that they must work hard.他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）2） have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。 He had to look after his sister yesterday.3）在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：don't have to表示"不必"mustn't 表示"禁止”，You don*t have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。You mustn'

19、;t tell him about it.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。比較may和might1）表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測；may放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意：might表示推測時'不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比may小。2）成語：may/might as well ,后面接不帶to的不定式，意為“不妨" °If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例題Petercome with us tonight, but he isn*t veiy sure y

20、et.1） must B. may C. can D. will答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可從后半句推出。比較 can 和 be able to2） can could表示能力；可能（過去時用could）,只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式（could）。be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告訴你消息了。2）只用 be able toa.位于助動詞后。b.情態(tài)動詞后。c.表示過去某時刻動作時。d.用于句首表示條件。e.表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/were able to，不能用could &

21、#176;He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意：could不表示時態(tài)1）提出委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。Could I have the television on? Yes, you can. / No, you can't.2）在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是壞人。情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1）情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的

22、事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。2）情態(tài)動詞除ought和have外,后面只能接不帶to的不定式。3）情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加s。4）情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。情態(tài)動詞的6種使用方法和規(guī)則辨析，學(xué)得好, 考得好阿祿老師發(fā)布時間:2019-11-14 19:53名師，教育領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)作者關(guān)注情態(tài)動詞的語法特征:1）情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。2）情態(tài)動詞除have夕卜，后面只能接不帶t。的不定式。3）情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s（但是have除外）。4）情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形

23、式,即沒有不定式、分詞等形式。一.情態(tài)動詞have to和must1）兩詞都是“必須”的意思,have t。表示客觀的需要,must表示說話人主觀上的看法，即主觀上的必 要My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來（客觀上需要做這件事）He said that they must work hard.他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）3） have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must可用于間接引語中表示過

24、去的必 要或義務(wù)。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3）在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中:don't have to表示“不必”，mustn't表示“禁止”。You don't have to tell him about it.你不必把此事告訴他。You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。4） must還可以用于表示猜測，暗含很大的可能性，只用于肯定句，否定句中用can'tYou must be hungry.你一定餓了.He can't be at home.他不可能在

25、家.二.情態(tài)動詞can與could的區(qū)別1）can與could都是情態(tài)動詞,could是can的過去式。二者都可用于表示請求，但是用法稍有不同。can 表示一般性的請求，語氣隨便，常用于熟人之間或長輩對晚輩，上級對下級的場合。e.g. Can you tell us your story ,Tony ? （Tony,你能給我們講講你的故事嗎？）could表示有禮貌的請求，語氣委婉，常用于非熟人之間或晚輩對長輩，下級對上級的場合.e.g. Could you tell us if it snows in winter in? Sure.請告訴我們，澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎？當(dāng)然可以。含有could表示

26、語氣委婉的句子在回答中不可用could。Could I have the television on?(我可以打開電視嗎？)- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.2)在否定、疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。He can't be a bad man.他不可能是壞人。三情態(tài)動詞may與might i)may與might的形式否定式縮略否定式maymay notmayn' t過去時mightmight notmightn, t注：mayn't比較少見。2) may與might的用法表示推測,暗含不確定.He may/ might arrive to

27、morrow.他可能明天到.表示允許，多用于肯定句和疑問句.You may use my pen. Might I come in?用法點(diǎn)津：may和might表示許可比can和could更正式，might含有試探和猶豫不決的意思.表示許可時，用 may不用might, may not用來表示拒絕和禁止.may和might常用來表示將要發(fā)生和正在發(fā)生的事的可能性.might不是may的過去式，它所表示的 可能性比may更小.may不用于于提問是否可能的疑問句.在主句是過去式的賓語從句中總是用might而不是may.用法比較：may not can not can'tmay not指“可

28、能不”,而can not指“不可能”It may not be true.這可能不是真是真的.It can not be true.這不可能是真的.四.shall 和 should1)shall的用法shall作為情態(tài)動詞的各種形式與作助動詞的形式相同.表示征詢意見，用于第一和第三人稱的疑問句.Shall I take you to the hospital ? Shall we go to the zoo?表示許諾,警告等，用于第二.第三人稱.You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.明天你就會得到我的答復(fù)了.You shall be punshied

29、 for what you"ve done.你應(yīng)當(dāng)為你所做的受到懲罰.用法點(diǎn)津：Shall L.?用來詢問對方的意見.其肯定答語為:Yyes.please. / Yes, thank you.其否定答語為:No,please don't./ Sorry,如：Shall I leave the door open?我可以開著門嗎？ Yes,please. / Sorry,I feel a little cold.好的./對不起，我感覺有點(diǎn)冷.Shall we.?是向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh.其肯定回答：Allright. /Yes,let's.其否定回答為：Sorry,I'm afried we can't. / NoJet's notShall we start off now?我們現(xiàn)在可以開始了嗎？Yes let's. / Sorry,Lucy hasn't turned up yet.好的./對不起，露西還沒來呢.1)should的用法should是shall的過去式，