八年級上冊英語語法講解與練習

1、Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?詞語辨析：1. anywhere 與 somewhere 兩者都是不定副詞。anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑問句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某處，到某處，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容詞 看起來. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 從句 看起來

2、好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.決定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑問詞 + 動詞不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 開始，可與begin 互換 。He started doing his homework. 但以下幾種情況不能用begin .1)

3、創(chuàng)辦，開辦： He started a new bllkshop last month.2) 機器開動： I cant start my car.3) 出發(fā)，動身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介詞，多于，超過，在以上（表示數(shù)目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，與物體垂直且不接觸，與 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超過： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to trave

4、l all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾動詞作狀語。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.much too 太，修飾形容詞或副詞。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口訣： too much, much too, 用法區(qū)別看后頭： much 后接不可數(shù)， too 后修飾形

5、或副。too many 要記住，后面名詞必復數(shù)。7. because of 介詞短語，因為，由于，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 連詞，因為，引導狀語從句，表示直接明確的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive. Unit 2 How often do you exercise?詞語辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用來提問動作發(fā)生的頻率?；卮鹩茫簅nce，twice, three times 等詞語。How ofte

6、n do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多長，用來詢問多長時間，也可詢問某物有多長。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how for 多遠， 用來詢問距離，指路程的遠近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.2. free 空閑的，有空的， 反義詞為 busy. be free 有空，閑著，相當于 have time.Ill be free

7、 next week. = Ill have time next week. 還可作“免費的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.3. How come？ 怎么會？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有點想不通；可單獨使用，也可引導一個問句， 相當于疑問句 why, 但 how come 開頭的特殊疑問句使用的仍然是陳述語序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?4.

8、 stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，遲睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡覺”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.5. go to bed 強調“上床睡覺”的動作及過程，但人不一定睡著。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 強調“入睡，睡著，進入夢鄉(xiāng)”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6. find + 賓語 +名詞, 發(fā)現(xiàn) ： We have found hi

9、m (to be) a good boy.find + 賓語 + 形容詞， 發(fā)現(xiàn)： He found the room dirty.find + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞， 發(fā)現(xiàn) ： I found her standing at the door.7. percent 百分數(shù)， 基數(shù)詞 + percent： percent 沒有復數(shù)形式，作主語時，根據所修飾的名詞來判斷謂語的單復數(shù)。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.8. more than 超過，多于，不僅僅，

10、相當于 over. 在句型轉換中考查兩者的同義替換。反義詞組為：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容詞， 擔心的，害怕的，在句中作表語，不用在名詞前作定語。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking que

11、stion.Im afraid + 從句 （恐怕，擔心）： Im afraid I have to go now.10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的區(qū)別：sometimes 頻度副詞， 有時。表示動作發(fā)生的不經常性，多與一般現(xiàn)在時連用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副詞，某個時候。 表示不確切或不具體的時間，常用于過去時或將來時，對它用疑問詞when.I will go to Shanghai someti

12、me next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名詞詞組， 幾次，幾倍。其中time 是可數(shù)名詞，對它提問用how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story?some time 名詞短語， 一段時間. 表示“一段時間”時，句中謂語動詞常為延續(xù)性動詞，提問時用 How long.I ll stay here for some time. -How long will you stay he

13、re? Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister詞語辨析：laugh v. & n. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她說了個笑話，我們都大聲笑起來。We all laughed at his joke. 聽了他的笑話我們都笑起來。He laughs best who laughs last. 誰笑在最后，誰笑得最好。/不要高興得太早。（與at連用）嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 別嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by se

14、amen. 人們常常嘲笑海員所講的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那種愚蠢的滑稽動作。笑；笑聲 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我們被他的笑話逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 雖然；縱然；即使；盡管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 雖然當時正下著雨，他還是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 雖然他很窮卻很快樂。注意：不能受漢語的影響，在though引導的從句后使用but。如：Though

15、he was poor，but he was happy.（誤）though adv. 不過，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗號隔開。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though. 語法講解：形容詞與副詞的比較級大多數(shù)形容詞（性質形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構成比較級和最高級。構成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tall

16、ergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的e結尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-le結尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一個輔音字母結尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結尾的輔音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（熱的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以輔音字母+y”結尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er， -esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少數(shù)以-er，-ow結尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er，-estclever（聰明的）narrow（

17、窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來構成比較級和最高級important（重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good（好的）well（健康的）betterbestbad（壞的）ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar（遠的）farther/f

18、urtherfarthest/furthest Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater句型：1. It has the biggest screens.2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3. How do you like it so far? 到目前為止，你認為它怎么樣？4. Thanks forget telling me.5. Can I ask you some questions?常用法：Can I ask you some. How do you like. 你認為怎么樣Thanks for doi

19、ng sth.What do you think of .much + 形容詞或副詞比較級 .得多watch sb. do sth. 觀看某人做某事play a role in doing sth. 發(fā)揮做某事的作用one of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) .之一練習，用括號里的詞的適當形式填空。1. We went to the _(bad) restaurant in town last night. The menu had only 10dishes and the service was not good at all.2. Blue Moon is _(good), but Milers is

20、 _(good ) in town.3. The Big Screen is _(expensive) than most cinemas, but Cinema City is _(expensive).4. Movie City has the _ (bad) service, but we can sit the_ (comfortably)there.5. Johnny Dep acted the _(good) in that movie. Hes much _(good) than other actors at finding the _(interesting) role.閱讀

21、信息然后在下面的句子中改錯。A movie ticket at Town Cinema is $12.00. It is $10.50 at Screen City, and $10.00 at Movie World.Screen City is always very crowded. Many people go to Movie World, too. But you can always get a ticket at Town Cinema. The seats at Movie World are very comfortable. The seats at Screen Cit

22、y are a little hard. The Town Cinema seats are very uncomfortable.1. Movie World is the most expensive.2. Screen City has the cheapest tickets.3. Town cinema is more popular than Screen City.4. Movie World is the most popular.5. Town Cinema has the most comfortable seatsUnit 5 Do you want to a game

23、show?句型：-What do you think of talk shows?-I dont mind them.I hope to be a TV reporter one day.How about you?常用法：let sb. do sth. plan to do sth.hope to do sth. happen to do sth.expect to do sth. How about doingbe ready to do sth. try ones best to do sth.知識點：1、the other, the others, other, others,anot

24、her 辨析the other 表示特指兩個或者兩部份中的另一個或另一部分，可直接單數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)名詞。表示兩個中的一個另一個時，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.the others 特指某一范圍內的其他的（人或物），是the other的復數(shù)形式，相當于the other+復數(shù)名詞。the ot

25、her + 復數(shù)名詞 = any other + 名詞單數(shù)。例：You two stay here, the others go with me. Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.other 作代詞或形容詞，可修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或復數(shù)。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.others 作代詞，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：Some students are doing homewor

26、k,others are talking loudly.another 泛指同類事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一個”，只能代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one. 2.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.3、 go on 發(fā)生，與 take place 同義I wonder what was going on. 4、happen v.發(fā)生，一般指偶然發(fā)生，主語為事，不能為人。Sth + happens

27、 to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth + happens + 地點/時間，意為：某地/某時發(fā)生了某事An accident happened on Park Street.happen v，表示“碰巧”，主語可以是人，后常跟動詞不定式to,表示“碰巧”.Sb + happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.* take place 意為“發(fā)生，舉行，舉辦”，一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或

28、事先的安排。例：Great changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Friday.5、expect v. 期待，盼望，預期，后常接四種結構：1)expect + 名詞/代詞，期待某事/某人，預計可能發(fā)生。Im expecting Li Lins letter.2)expect to do sth. 預計做某事Lily expects to come back next week.3)expect sb. to do sth.I expect my mother to come back early.4

29、)expect + 從句 預計I expected that Ill come back next Monday.6、 serious a. 嚴肅的，認真的。 He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth. 對某人/某事當真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth. 對某事當真 _Hes serious about selling his house.根據你的實際觀點回答問題。1. What do you think o

30、f game shows?2. What comedy shows do you like to watch?3. Do you plan to watch a sports show tonight?4. What can you expect to learn from the news?編對話。A: What do you plan to watch on TV tonight?B: I hope to _, but I also want to _.How about you? Do you _ a talk show or_?A: Oh, I want to _.用所給詞語造句，使對

31、話通順。A: _(what/think of/ soap operas)B: _(cant stand)A: _(what show/ want to watch/ tonight)B: _(talent show)A: _(what expect to learn/ game show)B: _(interesting information?)A: _(what/ hope to watch/ tomorrow)B: _(news)A: _(do/ play to watch/comedy)B: _( no/ plan to watch/ comedy)Unit 6 Im going to

32、 study computer science短語用法：want to do sth. be going to + 動詞原形practice doing sth. keep on doing sth.learn to do sth. finish doing sthpromise to do sth. help sb. to do sth.remember to do sth. agree to do sth.love to do sth.be going to 的用法1） be going to + 動詞原形表示將來的打算、計劃或安排。常與表示將來的tomorrow, next year等時

33、間狀語或when 引導的時間狀語從句連用。各種句式變換都借助be 動詞完成，be隨主語有am, is, are 的變換，going to 后接動詞原形?？隙ň洌?主語 + be going to + 動詞原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there.否定句： 主語 + be not going to + 動詞原形 + 其他 Im not going to see my friends this weekend.一般疑問句： Be + 主語 + going to + 動詞原形 + 其他肯定回答： Yes, 主語 + be. 否定回答： No, 主語 + be

34、 not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑問句： 疑問詞 + be + 主語 + going to + 動詞原形 + 其他？What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends?2) 如果表示計劃去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地點We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3) 表示位置移動的動詞，如go , come, leave

35、等常用進行時表示將來。The bus is coming. My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.4) be going to 與 will 的區(qū)別： 對未來事情的預測用“ will + 動詞原形”表達，will 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，變否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者縮略式wont, 變一般疑問句將will 提至 句首。Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they wont.will 常表示說話人相信或希望要發(fā)生的事情，而be go

36、ing to 指某事肯定發(fā)生，常表示事情很快就要發(fā)生。 I believe Lucy will be a great doctor. 陳述將來的某個事實用will. I will ten years old next year.表示現(xiàn)在巨大將來要做的事情用 will.Im tired I will go to bed. 表示意愿用will.Ill tell you the truth. 表示計劃、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.Im going to buy a computer this month.2、 promise vt. 保證，許諾。有三種結構：1)pr

37、omise to do sth. _My mother promised to buy a piano for me.2)promise sb. sth. _ My aunt promised me a bike.3)promise + that 從句_ Tom promises that he can return on mise n. 允諾， 諾言Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.3、when 與 while 的區(qū)別：when 表示“當時候”，既指時間點，又指一段時間，when 引導的時間狀語從句中的動詞

38、可以是終止性的也可以是延續(xù)性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.When she arrives, Ill call you.while 表示“當時候”，僅指一段時間，從句中的動作必須是延續(xù)性的，一般強調主從句的動作同時發(fā)生， while 還可以作并列連詞，意為“ 而、卻”，表示對比關系。Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.Tom is strong while his younger brother is week. 4、practice vt. 練習，

39、 后接名詞，代詞或v-ing 作賓語。Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.常跟v-ing 作賓語的動詞有：考慮建議盼原諒：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.承認推遲沒得想： admit, delay/put off, fancy.避免錯過繼續(xù)練：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.否認完成能欣賞： deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.不禁介意與逃亡： cant help , m

40、ind, escape.不準冒險憑想象： forbid, risk, imagine.5、 everyday 與 every day 區(qū)別everyday adj. 每天的 在句中作定語，位于名詞前。 This is our everyday homework.every day 副詞短語， 在句中作狀語，位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day. 練習：-Lets discuss the plan, shall we? -Not now. I _ to an interview.A. go B. went C. am going D. was going -Jack

41、 is busy packing luggage. -Yes. He _for America on vacation.A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has been away補全對話：A: Kelly, what do you want to be _you grow up?B: I _ to be a doctor.A: Wow! _ are you going to do that?B: Im _ to study medicine, at a university.A: Hmmsounds difficult. _are you _to stud

42、y?B: Im going to _ in London.A: _are you going to start?B: Im going to _next September.用所給單詞完成句子。take listen make is help learn areResolutions _promises to yourself. They may _ to make you a better person and to make your life easier. I am going to _ four resolutions.The first resolution is about my

43、 own personal improvement. Next year, or maybe sooner, I am going to _ up a new hobby. I think singing _a great activity so I am going to _to sing .I think this will also make my family happy because they love to _to music and sing together.補全對話：A: What do you _to be when you grow up?B: I want _ a s

44、cientist.A: Wow! That sounds cool. But its also difficult. _are you _to do that?B: After I finish high school, Im _to go to university.A: _ are you _ to study?B: In Hefei. Im _to study there for four years.A: I think I want _ a teacher. Im _to teach in Wuhan. Unit 7 Will people have robots?用法：will +

45、 動詞原形 將要做 fewer/more + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 更少/更多l(xiāng)ess/more + 不可數(shù)名詞 更少/更多 try to do sth. 盡力做某事have to do sth 不得不做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意見such + 名詞（詞組） 如此 play a part in doing sth 參與做某事make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事There will be + 主語 + 其他 將會有. There is/are + sb. + doing sth 有正在做It is + 形容詞 + for sb

46、 + to do sth 做某事對某人來說的詞語辨析：1、 every 與 each 的區(qū)別：every 用來表整體，each 用來表個別。each 最低需是兩，every 最低需是三。every adj.every 作主用單數(shù)，each 可單也可復，作主、作定用單數(shù)，其他情況用復數(shù)。 each adj./ pron.Every teacher knows her. There are lots of trees on each side of the road.Each of the road has a dictionary.2. 、on the earth 在地球上，作地點狀語，位于句首

47、或句末。 on earth 究竟，到底。用于疑問句或副詞后，加強語氣。All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. / What on earth do you mean?3、 human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人類”，有別于動物，自然景物，機器等的特殊群體，也可指具體的人。 person, 無性別之分，常用于數(shù)目不太大，而且數(shù)目比較精確的場合。people, 泛指“人們”，表示復數(shù)概念。man,前不帶冠詞而且單獨使用時，指“男人”，a man 可指“一個人/ 一個男人”，復數(shù)形式為men.He was the only hu

48、man on the island. There are only three persons in the room.There are many people there.Man is stronger than woman.4.、seem 連系動詞，好像，似乎，看來。有下面幾種用法：seem + 名詞 看起來。He seems a nice man.seem like 好像，似乎。 It seemed like a good idea at the time.seem to do sth. 似乎/看起來/好像做某事。 I seem to have left my book at home

49、.It seems/seemed that 看起來好像, 似乎. He was very happy.seem to be + 形容詞/名詞 = seem + 形容詞/名詞。 She seems to be happy.= She seems happy.5.、probably ad. maybe 相當于 perhaps. 也許，大概，可能。作狀語.probably 用于句中，可能性最大。 He will probably come tomorrow.maybe/perhaps 用于句首。 Maybe/Perhaps you are right.6、 during / for / in 介詞，

50、在期間。說到某事是在某一段時間之間發(fā)生的用during; 說到某事持續(xù)多久則用for; 說到某事具體發(fā)生的時間用in.We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday.Ive been here for two weeks.They usually leave school in July.一般將來時結構：肯定式： 主語 + will/shall + 動詞原形 + 其他（will 用于各種人稱，shall 用于第一人稱） 主語 + be going to + 動詞原形 + 其他 （be 隨人稱、數(shù)和時間的變化而變換）否定式： 在will/shall/be 后面加 not. will not = wont .一般疑問句： 將will/shall/be 提到主語前面。There be 句型的一般將來時：There will be + 主語 + 其他 ，意為 ：將會有。一般疑問句形式為： Will there be + 主語 + 其他?？隙ɑ卮鹗牵?Yes, there will. 否定回答是： No, there wont.否定形式是：