英國(guó)歷史ppt課件教程文件

1、英國(guó)歷史ppt課件Warm-upThink about the following questions. 1. Where did the British people come from? _ 2. Do you know any famous historical places or people in Britain? _ 3. Who are the most famous kings or queens in Britains history? _ Introduction to British and American CultureThe Beginning of Britain

2、 The Early settlers (-55B.C.) Roman Britain (55B.C.-410A.D.) Anglo-Saxon Britain (410- 871) Viking Britain (871-1042) Norman Conquest (1066) Introduction to British and American CultureThe Early Settlers (-55 B.C.)n 8,000 years agoqGreat Britain became an islandnNatives of Britainqtall and golden-ha

3、ired Celtsqfrom Central Europe qfarmersqwarlike people Introduction to British and American CultureThe Celtic CivilizationnStonehengenAbout 5,000 years agonThe most famous prehistoric monument and tourist attraction Introduction to British and American CultureRoman Britain (55 B.C.- 410) Introductio

4、n to British and American CultureRoman InvasionInvasionTimeInvaders155 and 54 B.CRoman Emperor Julius Caesar243 A.D. Roman Emperor Claudius Introduction to British and American CultureRoman Civilization The month “July” is named after Julius Caesar himself. Extraordinary achievement in building road

5、s “All Roads Lead to Rome” Hadrians Wall Englands great wall 2000 years ago Introduction to British and American CultureAnglo-Saxon Britain (410-871)nThe Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes invadedn5th and 6th centuriesnThe Anglo-Saxons left their home in northern Germany and Denmark. Introduction to Brit

6、ish and American CultureKing ArthurnThe best-known English legend nThe 5th centurynStory qKing Arthur united the BritishqHis famous “round table knightsqDrove the Saxons back with his magical sword nA hero of British?nAgainst the forefathers of the English? Introduction to British and American Cultu

7、re(871-1042) Invasion time In the late 8th century From Denmark Norsemen, “people from the North” From 1017 to 1041 England was ruled by Danish kings. Introduction to British and American CultureWestminster Abbey nIn 1042nBy Edward, King of England, a faithful ChristiannOne of the oldest buildings i

8、n LondonnA living monument to British historynAlmost all English kings have been crowned there. Introduction to British and American CultureNorman ConquestnSignificance qThe best-known event in English historynWhoqDuke William of Normandy, from northern FranceqWilliam is often referred to as William

9、 the Conqueror.nTime qOn October 14, 1066nEventqWilliam and his army defeated the English army. qThis invasion is called Norman Conquest. Introduction to British and American CultureInfluence of Norman ConquestnLanguage qFrench replaced English as the language of the ruling classes.nThe period of Mi

10、ddle English began. n ArchitectureqThe Tower of LondonqThe most famous castle Introduction to British and American CultureThe most famous castleThe Tower of London Introduction to British and American CultureRobin HoodnEnglands best-loved legend nHeroic Saxon noblemen oppressed by the Normans n“Merr

11、y men” robbed from the rich to give to the poor. British Invasion History Introduction to British and American CultureInvasion TimeInvaders43 A.D.The Angles and Saxons8th centuryThe NormansThe Romans5th centuryThe Viking1066Feudal Britain nNorman ConquestqMarked the establishment of feudalism in Eng

12、landnSeveral events shook the foundation of the feudal society.qThe Hundred Years WarqThe Wars of the Roses Introduction to British and American CultureTime: 1337-1453 Introduction to British and American Culture Event A series of wars between England and France Unexpected benefits The ruling Norman

13、s began to regard England as their home. English was reestablished as the official language. Joan of ArclA famous peasant girllUnder Joan of Arc, French won a number of victories. lRegarded as a national French heroine. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Wars of the Roses Event - A seri

14、es of civil wars between supporters of Lancaster and York. The badges a red rose Vs. a white one Reason In 1455 the Duke of York tried to displace the Lancaster king, Henry VI. Result In 1485, Henry Tudor, as Henry VII, founded the Tudor Monarchy. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Begi

15、nning of the Modern World From the 16th to the 20th century Ruling HousesRuling PeriodHouse of Tudor1485-1603House of Stuart1603-1649House of Stuart (restored)1660-1714House of Hanover1714-1910 Introduction to British and American CultureHenry VIII (1509-1547) Introduction to British and American Cu

16、lturelSignificant event lEstablished the Church of EnglandlReason lHenry wanted to divorce and have a son. lResult lMarried six timeslLeft England strong and free to make her way in a new world.Elizabeth I (1553-1603) Introduction to British and American CulturelThe last Tudor monarchlThe Golden Age

17、lThe English navy defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588 lThe flourishing of English dramaCharles I (1625 - 1649) Introduction to British and American CulturelBelief lBelieved in the old theory “Divine right of Kings” lThe kings power came directly from God, not from the people.lDismissed parliament fo

18、r 11 yearsThe Civil War (1642-1649) Event Charles I burst into the Houses of Parliament to arrest leading members of the Parliament. Between The Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) The Cavaliers (supporters of the King) Introduction to British and American CultureResult of the Civil War The execut

19、ion of Charles I Oliver Cromwell formed republican England, the Commonwealth of England. English monarchy was abolished. Introduction to British and American CultureQueen Victoria The last monarch of Hanover The longest reign Victorias TimeBritain became the most powerful and richest country in the world. British Empire reached its highest point and was called “the Empire on which the sun never sets”. Introduction to British and American CultureBritain in World War I Result - Victorious- A hug