高三英語閱讀理解之詞意猜測

1、（四）猜測詞義猜測詞義題常見設(shè)問方式：1.The word “” refers to/probably means _.2.The underlined word “”could best be replaced by _.3.What do you think the expression “” stands for?4.By saying “” we mean _.5.“” as used in the passage can best be defined as _.6.Which of following words can take the place of the word “”?

2、skills of dealing with words or phrases in reading comprehension（閱讀理解中的猜詞技巧）閱讀理解中的猜詞技巧） With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners to gain confidence.I. word formationI. word formation（構(gòu)詞法）構(gòu)詞法）無條件無條件的的無判斷力的無判斷力的構(gòu)詞法 (Word Formati

3、on)DerivationDerivation派生派生ConversionConversion轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)化CompoundingCompounding合成合成blackballBasketballBookcaseBroadbandrunawaywaterfallSensitiveVariousforeignersimilaritypatienceSuggestionEnlargewidenDos and dontsLecture usName the babyMan the spaceshipFunction well合成派生轉(zhuǎn)化dis-dis-in-in-im-im-un-un-non-non-

4、less-less表否定表否定disappear/ disagree/disableddisappear/ disagree/disabledinvisible/ inexperiencedinvisible/ inexperiencedImpolite/impossibleImpolite/impossibleUnforgettable/ unfairUnforgettable/ unfairnon-stop non-stop non-English-speaking countriesnon-English-speaking countries添加前后綴改變詞意添加前后綴改變詞意inter

5、-inter-re-re-tele-tele-en-en-sub-sub-under-under-over-over-相互，之間再，重復(fù)遠(yuǎn)程使可能亞、次、下以下，不足太，過度，以上pre-pre-post-post-bio-bio-de-de-ex-ex-mis-mis-在之前在之后郵政，郵資生物減少，破壞前錯誤，壞EX.EX.1.They1.They overcookedovercooked the food, which made his mother the food, which made his mother a little bit angry. a little bit angr

6、y. 2. We were told that ours was the most 2. We were told that ours was the most s spaciouspacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it. much for it. 3 Car rentals are becoming more and more popular 3 Car rentals are becoming m

7、ore and more popular as an as an inexpensiveinexpensive way of taking to the road. way of taking to the road.4 4 Perhaps, we can see somePerhaps, we can see some possibilitiespossibilities for the next for the next fifty years. But the next hundred?fifty years. But the next hundred?煮過火了的煮過火了的寬敞的寬敞的便

8、宜的便宜的可能性可能性After finishing their meals at the restaurant, Alfred got on the motorbike, and his wife sat behind him on the pillion. They roared off into the darkness. II context II context cluesclues （上下文上下文線索線索）摩托車后座摩托車后座標(biāo)點符號解釋，如標(biāo)點符號解釋，如 ( ) - : ( ) - :1 It will be very hard but also very 1 It will

9、be very hard but also very - it will break - it will break easily.easily.skill 1skill 1易折易折/碎的碎的 潮濕的潮濕的2 2 normally occur on hot, normally occur on hot, ( a little wet ) ( a little wet ) day, but not necessarily in the summer.day, but not necessarily in the summer. 定語從句或同位語解釋定語從句或同位語解釋1 1 Modern med

10、icine began with the Modern medicine began with the , , a a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a personpersons lungs and his heartbeats.s lungs and his heartbeats. 2 He was a 2 He was a who entertained the children who entertaine

11、d the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.other similar tricks.skillskill 2 同位語解釋同位語解釋 定語從句解釋定語從句解釋聽診器1.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earn about 5,000 yuan a year.2.One of the projects fruits

12、is Water and the Sustainable Development of Beijing, a report written by volunteers and Wang Jian , a water resources expert with Happy Journey to River3.In spring, Southwest China suffered severe droughts that left 60 million people without water.牧羊人干旱 can be defined as a large area of land can be

13、defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.to support human life.信號詞解釋：信號詞解釋：be called, be referred as ,be,meanbe called, be referred as ,be,mean等等Skill 3Skill 3DensityDensity is the relationship b

14、etween mass and volume.is the relationship between mass and volume.AnAn estuary estuary means the body of water where a river means the body of water where a river meats the ocean. meats the ocean. 沙漠密度河口舉例解釋舉例解釋: :有時作者盡管對生詞未進(jìn)行直有時作者盡管對生詞未進(jìn)行直接解釋，但可能在生詞后舉出了一些相關(guān)接解釋，但可能在生詞后舉出了一些相關(guān)的例子進(jìn)行說明，若對這些例子進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)睦舆M(jìn)行

15、說明，若對這些例子進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)臍w納，即使不能完全猜測出生詞的詞義，的歸納，即使不能完全猜測出生詞的詞義，也能猜測出其大致的意思，表示舉例說明也能猜測出其大致的意思，表示舉例說明的方式有：的方式有：for examplefor example，for instance, for instance, especially, include, such especially, include, such as ,suchas ,such.as ,consist of, like.as ,consist of, likeSkill 4Skill 41 .Cars must have certain sa

16、fety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes.2. On the farm they mainly raise , like chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.3. I often feel timid, especially when I walked along in the darkness.4.The terrorists, including Ben Laden，will be punished sooner or later.設(shè)備，裝置家禽膽小的恐怖分子Ch

17、ildren like such creature as dogs and monkeyToday young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machine, refrigerators and color television.生物，動物家用電器1.In some countries where there is very little 1.In some countries where th

18、ere is very little rain, the farmers have to rain, the farmers have to , , or water, or water, their fields.their fields.重述解釋重述解釋Or, in other words, to put it Or, in other words, to put it another way, that is to say, another way, that is to say, namely(namely(即即) )Skill 5Skill 5灌溉1.People here will

19、 soon get acquainted, to put it another way, they will soon become known to each other.2 .All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to , that is, they are toothed whales.1 1 Mother was tall, fat and middle-Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was a

20、n old woman, aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as almost as as mother, but as mother, but much shorter.much shorter.同義詞、近義詞同義詞、近義詞, ,反義詞，解釋反義詞，解釋Like, asLike, asas , the same asas , the same as，unlikeunlike等等Skill6Skill6but, however, yet, ,while, otherwise on one handon the other hand, for one

21、thingfor another thing ,in contrast to(與與形成對形成對照照)，compared with(與與對比對比) ，used to(過去過去)等等Skill 7Skill 7 對比或?qū)φ諏Ρ然驅(qū)φ?1 1 標(biāo)點符號解釋，如標(biāo)點符號解釋，如 ( ) - : ( ) - :2 2 定語從句或同位語解釋定語從句或同位語解釋3 3 信號詞解釋：信號詞解釋：be, be called, means, be defined asbe, be called, means, be defined as等等4 4 舉例解釋：舉例解釋：such as, like, for exam

22、ple/ instance, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist ofespecially, include, consist of5 5 重述解釋重述解釋or, that is ( to say ), in other words, to put or, that is ( to say ), in other words, to put it another way, i.e.it another way, i.e.6 6 同義詞、近義詞解釋：同義詞、近義詞解釋：or, like , asor

23、, like , asas, the same asas, the same as通過解釋1 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains .2 John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very .骯臟的節(jié)省的，節(jié)儉的通過因果等邏輯關(guān)系。有時對生通過因果等邏輯關(guān)系。有時對生詞詞義的猜測需要結(jié)合上下文的詞詞義的猜測需要結(jié)合上下文的因果關(guān)系來進(jìn)行推斷，即可根據(jù)因果關(guān)系來進(jìn)行推斷，即可根據(jù)

24、原因推測結(jié)果，也可根據(jù)結(jié)果推原因推測結(jié)果，也可根據(jù)結(jié)果推測原因，常用于表達(dá)因果關(guān)系的測原因，常用于表達(dá)因果關(guān)系的詞有：詞有：because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore, so/such. That等等Skill 8Skill 81 Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very .2 The river is so that it is impossible to see t

25、he bottom even when it is shallow.3.The teacher did not hear the knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in his reading.有伸縮性，有彈性渾濁的，不清的專心的，全神灌注的1. When a doctor performs an 1. When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives operation on a patient, he usually gives

26、 an an to make him to make him unconscious, because he does not want unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.is happening to him.根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗, , 生活常識生活常識, , 進(jìn)行推理，分進(jìn)行推理，分析。析。Skill 9Skill 9麻醉劑麻醉劑2.Docto

27、rs believed that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to our health.3. Metal when heated and when cooled.4 .When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch spread in rings on the surface of water.有害的，不利的有害的，不利的擴大擴大縮小，收縮縮小，收縮漣漪漣漪 A person who is skilled at making or repairing A person

28、who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a wooden objects is called a . . His uncle is His uncle is a a , an expert who does research , an expert who does research on animals.on animals. The The , who looks after sheep, earns about , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan

29、a year.650 yuan a year. We are on the We are on the - from midnight to 8 a.m. - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week.- this week. 木匠木匠 動物學(xué)家動物學(xué)家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班In the strong wind, the beggar In the strong wind, the beggar shiveredshivered with the with the terrible cold.terrible cold.If you agree, write If

30、you agree, write “ yes yes”; if you ; if you , write , write “nono”. . Since I could not afford to purchase the original Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a painting, I bought a . An inexperienced eye could . An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.not t

31、ell the difference.She wanted the hairdresser to She wanted the hairdresser to her hair a bit her hair a bit because it was too long.because it was too long. 修剪修剪 復(fù)制品復(fù)制品不同意不同意 顫抖顫抖7.通過因果等邏輯關(guān)系常用于表達(dá)因果關(guān)系的通過因果等邏輯關(guān)系常用于表達(dá)因果關(guān)系的詞有：詞有：because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore, so/such. That等等.8.根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗, , 生活常識生活常識, , 進(jìn)行推理，分析。進(jìn)行推理，分析。 Ex.1: Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital C. country D. houseEx2: “The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” sa