人教版高中英語(yǔ)選修八 Unit3 Inventors and inventions語(yǔ)法篇教師版

1、第6講Inventors and inventions 語(yǔ)法篇_1.掌握動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的用法和功能；2.能夠熟練運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。一. 概述：分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。在句中作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(一). 分詞的作用：1、 作定語(yǔ)（1） 單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)，分詞前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.A lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.（2） 分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，分詞后置；分詞修飾不定代詞som

2、ething等要后置；個(gè)別分詞如give，left等作定語(yǔ)也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There is nothing interesting.（3） 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists2、 作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)

3、具有的特征，過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)多指主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remained standing beside the table.3、 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分詞和不定式一樣，在一些感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.I cant make myself understood in English.I found

4、 my car missing.Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。4、 作插入語(yǔ)其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái) talking of (speaking of) 說(shuō)到strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō) judging from 從判斷all things considered 從整體來(lái)看 taking all things into consideration 全面看來(lái)。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Ge

5、nerally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，狗比豬跑得快。(二). 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)1、 與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)。如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead.剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。2、 先于主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果先于主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，要用having done。如：Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.After he had finished his homework, he went out for a wal

6、k.做完作業(yè)，他出去散步。(三). 分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)1、 通常情況下，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。如：He is the man giving you/who gave you the book他就是給你書(shū)的那個(gè)人She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.她就是那個(gè)被車攔住的女孩。2、 不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等詞。如：a retired person 一個(gè)退休的人 a fallen ball 一

7、個(gè)落下來(lái)的球a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴二. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義；在時(shí)間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作往往正在進(jìn)行或者與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。如：falling leaves 正在下落的樹(shù)葉 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落在地上的樹(shù)葉1.（2019安徽卷）While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.A. promoteB. promoted C. promot

8、ingD. to promote答案: B解析: 本題考察的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配“get+過(guò)去分詞”，如“get burnt”被燙傷，get paid獲得報(bào)酬；本句中的get promoted獲得提拔。句義：在等待著背提拔的機(jī)會(huì)的時(shí)候，Herry全力以赴地盡好自己的責(zé)任。故B正確。2.（2019福建卷）For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_.A. connectedB.connecting C.to connectD.to be c

9、onnected答案: A解析: 系動(dòng)詞stay/get后面經(jīng)常接過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換的形容詞，如get paid獲得報(bào)酬。Get burnt被燙傷；本句中的stay connected保持聯(lián)系。句義：對(duì)于那些家人在遠(yuǎn)方的人，電腦和電話在和家人保持聯(lián)系方面是很重要的。故A正確。3.（2019四川卷）The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort.A. having developedB. to developC. developedD. develop答案: C解析: 此題考查的是過(guò)去分詞developed

10、作感官動(dòng)詞see的賓語(yǔ)many new products的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，因?yàn)閐evelop與賓語(yǔ)products間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用過(guò)去分詞。句意：經(jīng)理很滿意地看見(jiàn)在付出巨大努力之后看到很多新產(chǎn)品被研發(fā)出來(lái)。A項(xiàng)表示的是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，B項(xiàng)不定式表示為了將要發(fā)生的事情。故C正確。4.（2019陜西卷）Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother_good care of at home.A. takingB. takenC. takeD. be taken答案: B解析:

11、 本句考察的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。句中動(dòng)詞take與his mother構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。排除AC項(xiàng)，因?yàn)锳C項(xiàng)都表示主動(dòng)，D項(xiàng)不符合非謂語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。句義：.李博士很開(kāi)心看到他的媽媽在家被照顧得很好。故B正確。5.（2019浙江卷 ）Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ to guard her.A. to appointB.appointing C. appointedD. having appointed答案: C解析: 本句中的動(dòng)詞app

12、oint任命與前面的名詞nurse之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)appointed to guard her做定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾前面的名詞nurse。句意：殘疾的Annie Salmon整個(gè)上學(xué)期間都是由一名被指定幫助他的護(hù)士照顧的。ABD三項(xiàng)均表示的是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故C正確?；A(chǔ)演練1. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientistsThe first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th centu

13、ry.A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written2. Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak3. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bough B. bought C. been bought D. buying.4. When I got back home I saw a

14、 message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A . read B. reads C. to read D. reading5. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A . Followed B. Followed by C. Being followedD. Having been followedKey: 1-5 DBBDB鞏固提高6. There was a terrible noise_ the sudden burst of light.A.

15、 followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed7. _ , liquids can be changed into gases.A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat8. When_, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed9. _ such heavy pollution already,

16、it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered10. Im very_ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.Mm, it does have a _ smell.A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant11._ a reply, he dec

17、ided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out13. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech

18、for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing14. _ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded15. They might just have a place _ on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try?A. leave

19、 B. left C. leaving D. to leaveKey: 6-10 BCAAD 10-15 CCBCB1. _ with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go.A. Comparing B. Compared C. To compare D. Being compared2. I really like this song as it is often heard _everywhere in China.A. singing B. sung C. having sung D. to sing3. _ that the governme

20、nt can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.A. Convincing B. Convinced C. To convince D. Having convinced4. I came into the classroom, _ my seat and sat down to read.A. finding B. to find C. found D. to be found5. _ to his work resulted in his

21、great success.A. Devoted B. Being devotedC. Devoting D. To devote6. The door _ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.A. painted B. to be paintedC. being painted D. to paint7. He could do nothing but _ what he had said.A. to take back B. to be taken backC. taking back D. take back8. I flew to

22、Paris this morning, my assistant _ me there this Friday.A. Joining B. to joinC. will join D. wants to join9. _ Australias relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was really _.A. Supposing; amazing B. Comparing; amazedC. Considering; amazing D. Given; amazed10. I

23、m going through the composition he has just finished _ the possible mistakes in it.A. correct B. to correct C. having corrected D. corrected11. This is the very plan that Id like to see _ in the next two months.A. carry out B. to be carried out C. being carried out D. carried out12. On the bank of t

24、he river, we found him _ on a beach, with his eyes _ on a kite in the sky.A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixing C. seated; fixed D. sitting; being fixed13. He sat calmly on the platform, _ to answer the question.A. prepare B. PreparingC. prepared D. to prepare14. Even the best writers sometimes find

25、themselves _ for words.A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost15. Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as _. A. told B. being told C. Telling D. to be toldKey: 1-5 BBBCB 6-10 BDBCB 11-15 DCCBA_1. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. The supermarketnext month will

26、 be the biggest one in the city. A. completedB. being completedC. to be completedD. having been completed2. Victims, in the news, who are infected with H7N9 have come up to 28. A. is reportedB. reportedC. reportingD. which reports3. Do you know that the meetingthis afternoon has been puttill next we

27、ek? A. to be held; offB. to be held; forwardC. held; offD. held; forward4. Im afraid that I cant attend Toms wedding partynext weekend. A. to be heldB. being heldC. heldD. is to be held5. The tall buildingin the center of this area will be used as a 5-star hotel. A. to builtB. buildingC. being built

28、D. having built6. A direct air routeChongqing and San Francisco is expected to open next month. A. linkingB. being linked C. link D. linked7. We, a discussion with the teacher, came to understand the problem better. A. holdingB. heldC. being heldD. having held8. The manager listened to the customers

29、 complaints attentively with great patience, to miss any point. A. not tryingB. trying notC. to try notD. not to try9. We hurried all the way to the airport, onlythat the flight had been cancelled because of the foggy weather. A. being toldB. to be toldC. having toldD. to have been told10. that the

30、government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country. A. ConvincingB. ConvincedC. To convinceD. Having convincedKey: 1-5 CBAAC 6-10 ADBBB二. 完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 What is in the drug that makes you sick or

31、 dead ? For example ,cocaine is harmful ,but what makes it harmful? I cant tell you all about drugs ,but I can 1 you think about them in this 2 way. Your body is a very complicated（復(fù)雜的） machine, 3 a lot of chemical machinery, all of which is finally turned 4 it all works together . Special chemicals

32、, which we call drugs ,can affect it in many different ways. Some drugs are 5 when your body has a problem, as with disease-causing bacteria. Then someone may give you aspirin to keep your temperature from going too 6 or some penicillin（青霉素） 7 it stops the growth of some kinds of bacteria. 8 ,all dr

33、ugs are really poison, 9 if you take too much ,so you must always use them 10 . Why do some people take drugs like cocaine ? For a little while they seem to make you feel better ,or happier .But 11 their effects have 12 ,your body has to pay an extra 13 to get back to normal. That makes you want to

34、get 14 of the drug .Drugs like cocaine have their special effects because they act as 15 for your nervous system. They cut off some of your nerve pathways and take away some of your senses and your 16 .They make you want always more . And just a little too much can even 17 nerves to your heart and s

35、top its beating .Many of us worry about the 18 around us and what pollution does to us .How about your internal（內(nèi)在的） environment, and what goes on 19 you ? You control that all by yourself in what you put into your 20 . Most drugs are pollutants .You would not want pollutants in the air and water ar

36、ound you . Why would you want pollutants in your body ?1. A. makeB. causeC. helpD. let2. A. funnyB. differentC. simpleD. true3. A. justB. reallyC. especiallyD. sometimes4. A. as ifB. even ifC. whereD. so that5. A. powerfulB. helpfulC. painfulD. helpless6. A. highB. tallC. muchD. hot7. A. whenB. unti

37、lC. asD. before8. A. BesidesB. ThusC. HoweverD. Naturally9. A. at mostB. at leastC. at timesD. at first10. A. carefullyB. easilyC. carelesslyD. a lot 11. A. whereB. beforeC. afterD. until12. A. workedB. wornC. appearedD. lost13. A. numberB. quantityC. amountD. price14. A. some moreB. nothingC. a lit

38、tleD. a few15. A. guardsB. medicine C. chemicalsD. poisons16. A. worriesB. happinessC. freedomD. pride17. A. leadB. blockC. offerD. stick18. A. placesB. natureC. peopleD. environ19. A. insideB. aroundC. outsideD. next to20. A. heart B. headC. bodyD. MindKey: 1-5 CCBDB 6-10 ACCBA 11-15 CBDAD 16-20 AB

39、DAC 三. 閱讀理解 As with many aspects of modern life, light pollution represents both a triumph of technology and a minor disaster. It disrupts a basic relationship that has evolved between humans and the natural world. Historians such as A. Roger Ekrich have noted how darkness influenced cultural and so

40、cial practices. The territory of intimacy and imagination, night can also carve out a refuge from the never-ending responsibilities of the day. I remember recently being in Times Square, and there was so much light that it just felt like we were in a domed stadium almost, looking up at something tot

41、ally artificial above us. When most Americans are living now in cities and suburbs where theyre getting anywhere from two dozen to four dozen stars instead of 2, 500, which is the number you could see on a normal night with no light pollution, its almost like why bother? I dont know if most people e

42、ven look up and notice the stars. And certainly way back, when a night sky was something that would tell you stories about your life, were way beyond that. I have very good friends in New Mexico. I said to him it must be amazing here at night and I asked, do you have stories associated with the constellations for example? He said we have a whole legend