上海市黃浦區(qū)2019屆高三英語一模詳細版.doc

1、黃浦區(qū) 2018 學年第一學期期末質量試卷高三英語（滿分 140 分，完卷時間 120 分鐘） 2018.12 . Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections ： After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given wor

2、d; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say _21_ toilet seat, you' re wrong. Kitchen sponges topthe list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germ

3、s as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone' s

4、 owner reported the theft （bedfoiere） f_ro_m_2 t2h_e_ d_isease. Soon,the thief began showing symptoms and finally _23_ （ confess） to the crime._24_ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information

5、. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars?“ Thyou, ” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampto-nMarcell. “ That ' s biological information. ”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from _25_ of your friends and

6、family. They' re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use thesemicrobial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22

7、participants' homes, _26_ countertocomputer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an _27_ （ early） study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial

8、 fingerprints to identify the person who _28_ （ use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures might show _29_ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove _30_ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your

9、 phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?Section BDirections ： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.measurementB. similarC. remarkablyD. monetaryE. astronomy F.

10、 alteredG.civilizationH. definedI. independenceJ. invariablyK. dominatedThe Nile課件The ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy- as the gift of the Nile'. The Egyptians depon the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use t

11、he Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous _31_.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost _32_ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, b

12、eans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of _33_ a Nilometer, was used to determine the

13、 size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river-_34_ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a（n） _35_ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber,

14、precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also _36_ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊腫） . Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries wer

15、e often confused with superstition （迷信） . And while a great deal of time was dedicated to _37_ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won _38_ from Britain after World

16、 War . The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, the country as acenter for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 _40_ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country' s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 -mthielli olanrgest inth

17、e Arab world. . Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections ： For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers 71% of Earth' s

18、surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. _41_ on this limitedresources is rising, a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who _42_ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water

19、supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is _43_ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated （灌溉） areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its _44_.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages

20、in dry areas. _45_ for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context, _46_ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. CapeTown, _47_, has faced three years of drought during which winter ra

21、ins failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the _48_ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full in the sameweek four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was _49_ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forc

22、ed to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working _50_ with industry and agriculture to課件reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit o

23、f 50 litres of water per person per day. _51_, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition, a ban was placed on using _52_ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the

24、water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media _53_ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have _54_. It is a classic example of the problem of water econ

25、omics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The _55_ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an

26、 uncertain future.41. A. ImpactB. PressureC. ImpressionD. Observation42. A. recycleB. wasteC. consumeD. apply43. A. restoredB. abstractedC. separatedD. preserved44. A. changeB. sourceC. originD. volume45. A. CompetitionB. ProtectionC. ConstructionD. Regulation46. A. contributingB. regardingC. respon

27、dingD. referring47. A. in additionB. for exampleC. on the contraryD. as a result48. A. prospectB. illustrationC. symptomD. security49. A. reportedB. presentedC. predictedD. explained50. A. respectivelyB. increasinglyC. restrictivelyD. extensively51. A. By comparisonB. In other wordsC. To our surpris

28、eD. What s' more52. A. feasibleB. drinkableC. inevitableD. influential53. A. campaignB. statementC. presentationD. advertisement54. A. invadedB. liberatedC. sufferedD. proceeded55. A. changeB. theoryC. recordD. threatSection B(A)Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to- wall special

29、effects, “ Bridge of Terabithia is” g rounded in reality far more than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Paterson-winning nov'el,s t haew ascrdreenwriters David Paterson andJeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusually g

30、ifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. An introverted( 內向的 ) kid who is regularly picked on by the school bu

31、ses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their home

32、s, a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life,“ Bridge to Terabithia” keeps the fantasy in t課件 magic in the everyda

33、y. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first feature, like someone close to the pain of being different, fascinated in tiny, perfect details.With strong performances from all the leads,“ Bridge to Terabithia” is able to handle aivdiutylt. tAosp ics with sethe emotional landscape darkens, those who haven&#

34、39;t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers causwithout ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they wontraumatized so badly.'t bConsistently smart and delicate as a spider web, “ Bridget o Terabithia is” th e kind of children 'mosv

35、 ie rarely seen nowadays. At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music and art from the curriculum, the story 's insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.56. The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie .A. lost their co

36、ntrol over the imaginary kingdomB. looked down on their individual realitiesC. formed a good friendship despite their different talentsD. wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia57. Which of the following words is most likely to replacetraumatized ” (pa“ragraph 4)?A. criticized B. ignored

37、 C. delighted D. shocked58. The two children most likely .A. skipped school to play in the woods behind their campusB. created an imaginary world as an escape from realityC. disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginationsD. won against the bullies at school with strong performances59.

38、 Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A. The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.B. The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.C. “ Bridge to Terabithia ” has a negativne p iumbpliacc st cohool education.D. Children shouldn't watch the fi

39、lm as they are too young to understand the topics.(B)課件Hot Air BalloonsA hot air balloon is made up of 3 main parts:The EnvelopeThe actual fabric balloon which holds the airThe BurnerThe unit which pushes the heat up into the envelopeThe BasketWhere the passengers and pilot standThe basis of how the

40、 balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air. This is because hot air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume. Mass can be defined by the measure of how much matter something contains. The actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amount of heated air to lif

41、t it off the ground.The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air. The pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals throughout the flight to ensure that the balloon continues to the stable. Naturally, the hot air will not

42、 escape from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as firstly, hot air rises and secondly, the floating power keeps it moving up.To move the balloon upwards, the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope. It work

43、s in much the same way as a gas grill: the more you open the valve, the bigger the flame to beat the air and the faster the balloon rises.The “ Parachute Valve ” at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the b adlolowon towards the ground. It is a circle of fabric cut out of the top of

44、 the envelop which is controlled by a rope which runs down through the middle of the envelope to the basket. If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down, he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the valve, letting hot air escape, decreasing the inner air temperature. This cooling of air c

45、auses the balloon to slow its rise.The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes. If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction, he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate lev

46、el and rides with the wind.60. The purpose of this article is to .A. explain how hot air balloons work課件B. illustrate why hot air balloons are usefulC. describe hot air balloons' structureD. inform readers about how hot air balloons are made61. What would happen if the“ Parachute Valve ” could n

47、ot be released after it was opened?A. The inside of the balloon would continue to heat up.B. The balloon would climb up more rapidlyC. The self-sealing valve would need to take over the role of the Parachute Valve.D. The balloon would begin to move down more rapidly.62. Which of the following skills

48、 or knowledge would be the most useful to a balloon pilot?A. The ability to sew the panels of fabric together to make a balloon.B. An understanding of how propane gas is manufactured.C. A knowledge of the background of passengers who are travelling in the balloon.D. A knowledge of air currents and w

49、ind directions in the area where he is piloting the balloon.(C)The surface of Venus has never seemed very hospitable. Temperatures change around 470 °C(900 °F), the result of a runway greenhouse effect, and the pressure of its atmosphere, thick with carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid( 硫酸 ),

50、is some 90 times that of Earth'鉛s. )L weaodu(ld flow like water on Venus, and water cannot have existed in liquid form for perhaps abillion years.Now NASA ' S Magellan spacecraft seems to have found one more horror in the nasty landscape: active volcanoes. Last week the space agency released

51、 the first detailed map of Venus and the most dramatic images ever made of its surface. The picture offer the best evidence to date that a planet once assumed dead is actually a lively pot of geological change.The most amazing image is of Venus 'sse cond tallest mountain, Maat Mons, which rises

52、8km(5 miles) . Most of the planet 'masn y peaks, including 9.5-km-(6-mile-) high Maxwell Montes, look bright in the radar pictures Magellan takes from its orbit above the permanent could cover. That means they are strong reflectors of radar waves. But Maat Mons is dark; like the Stealth bomber,

53、it absorbs much of the radar falling on it.This interesting fact, say project scientists, is a strong hint that the mountains has recently been covered with lava( 熔巖 ). Rock that sits on the surface of mountaintops appears to weather quickly in the hot , chemically reactive atmosphere, creating a so

54、il that is rich in iron sulfide( 硫化鐵 ). It is this mineral, the scientists believe, that can easily be seen on radar. If Maat Mons doesn ' t have any, it has probably been resurfaced, perhaps within the past few years.Such resurfacing has undoubtedly taken place in Venus lowlands: earlier images

55、 of the planet showed vast areas that are remarkably free of craters(火山坑 ). That would be easy to explain on a Planet like Earth, where cratering from meteor strikes is erased by steady erosion. But while there is some evidence of wind erosion on Venus, the best explanation for the lack of cratering

56、 is periodic lava flow. Magellan has found direct evidence of such flows, including dome like upwellings and hardened streamed of rock trailing down the sides of Venusian peaks. There are also signs of other geologic activities, including dramatic faulting and several distinct incidents of mountain

57、building. But the evidence can really occurred millions of years ago. The case for active Venusian volcanoes is not yet proved, but Magellan, which is now well into its second complete survey of the planet' s surface, may eventually settle the issue.63. Which of the following has NO possibility

58、to be found on Venus now? 課件A. Carbon dioxideB. Sulfuric acidC. Liquid waterD. Active volcanoes64. The scientists believe that shows up easily on radar.A. geological changeB. iron sulfide C. mountain mineral D. lava flow65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The resurfacing has changed the images of the vast areas in Venus lowlands.B. The wind erosion on Venus is caused by periodic lava flowsC. Streams of rock trailing down the side of Venu