鄭州城市鄭大校區(qū)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科高二年級(jí)人教版非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修吳

1、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 non-finite verb2018、10主講人：吳歡歡 找出各句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并指出其具體形式1. Dont teach fish to swim. 不要班門弄斧。1哪些是動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)形式？哪些是動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)形式？ dont teach，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞否定式 2. He had a good memory like an elephant. 他以前有很好的記憶力。 3. It would be a waste of money building such a luxurious villa. 建這么豪華的別墅太浪費(fèi)錢。1 had，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過去式 would be，附加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞原形 4

2、. Light travels much faster than sound. 光比聲音傳播速度快得多。 5. When asked why, please just keep silent. 當(dāng)問到原因時(shí)，就保持沉默。1 travels，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式 keep，動(dòng)詞原形 6. The president was warmly ed by the residents. 總統(tǒng)受到了居民的熱烈歡迎。1 was ed，動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式1 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式包括主動(dòng)句各種時(shí)態(tài)下的謂語(yǔ)形式和被動(dòng)句各種時(shí)態(tài)下的謂語(yǔ)形式以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞連用的各種形式。2 動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，不定式與過去分詞以及它們相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)與

3、語(yǔ)態(tài)下的各種形式叫作動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。換言之，不能作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式叫非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (93 N) A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ i

4、nto the woods. （04上海春季）上海春季） A. seizing., disappeared B. seized., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間用兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間用 and 連接稱為并列謂語(yǔ)，并列謂語(yǔ)需注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形連接稱為并列謂語(yǔ)，并列謂語(yǔ)需注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形式的一致性，故式的一致性，故B、D皆錯(cuò)；不用皆錯(cuò)；不用 and 連接時(shí)稱之為狀語(yǔ)，只能用非謂連接時(shí)稱之為狀語(yǔ)，只能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，故語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，故C錯(cuò)。錯(cuò)。seized 和和 took 是并列謂語(yǔ)，是并列謂語(yǔ)，di

5、sappearing 是伴隨狀語(yǔ)。此是伴隨狀語(yǔ)。此題的關(guān)鍵是題的關(guān)鍵是and 的位置，如果的位置，如果 and 在在 disappear 前，則三個(gè)前，則三個(gè)動(dòng)詞并列。動(dòng)詞并列。ADA A B 非謂語(yǔ)不定式表將來和主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞ing:表進(jìn)行和主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞ed：表完成和被動(dòng)1.在句子中充當(dāng)何成分2.只跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞3.什么情況下需用不定式做定語(yǔ)4.不定式省略to的情況5.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)6.不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞2.動(dòng)名詞與不定式做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別3.begin和start后跟不定式而不跟動(dòng)名詞的情況1.不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1.只跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞跟過去分詞作狀

6、語(yǔ) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法填空的必考考點(diǎn)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法填空的必考考點(diǎn)，每年高考至少有每年高考至少有1道題。不僅如此，掌道題。不僅如此，掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，對(duì)增強(qiáng)書面握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，對(duì)增強(qiáng)書面表達(dá)的文采和提高閱讀理解能力都有明表達(dá)的文采和提高閱讀理解能力都有明顯的作用。顯的作用。首先，我們回顧一下非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)首先，我們回顧一下非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能法功能(在句中充當(dāng)何種成分在句中充當(dāng)何種成分)：主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞VVVV分詞VVVV不定式VVVVVV不定式1.看不定式看不定式flash2.在句子中充當(dāng)何成分（課件）在句子中充當(dāng)何成分（課件）3.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 只跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)的

7、動(dòng)詞（卷子）只跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（卷子） 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中賓語(yǔ)是不定式，用形式賓語(yǔ)（卷子）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中賓語(yǔ)是不定式，用形式賓語(yǔ)（卷子） 特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞+不定式（卷子）不定式（卷子） 不定式省略不定式省略to的情況（課件和卷子）的情況（課件和卷子）4.賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 省略省略to的不定式（卷子）的不定式（卷子）5.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 介詞不能?。ㄐ揎椊樵~不能省（修飾time, place,way可?。ň碜樱┛墒。ň碜樱?什么情況下需用不定式做定語(yǔ)（卷子）什么情況下需用不定式做定語(yǔ)（卷子）6.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) in order to, so as to, only to（卷子）（卷子）7.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（卷子和課件

8、）不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（卷子和課件）8.時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化表格（卷子）時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化表格（卷子）9.不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況（課件）不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況（課件）不定式的句法功能，除了謂語(yǔ)外，不定式可以擔(dān)當(dāng)句子的任不定式的句法功能，除了謂語(yǔ)外，不定式可以擔(dān)當(dāng)句子的任何成分。何成分。 To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。眼見為實(shí)。 (作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)) To save time is to lengthen life. (不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))You should continue to learn as long as you live. 要活到老學(xué)到老。要活到老學(xué)

9、到老。(不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ))She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings. 她晚她晚上經(jīng)常有很多會(huì)要開。上經(jīng)常有很多會(huì)要開。(不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ))To /In order to do a good job, we must have the right tools. 要干要干好活工具得用對(duì)。好活工具得用對(duì)。(不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ))He got up early in order to/ so as to catch the first bus. (不定式不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)

10、短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ))I didnt expect you to arrive so early. 我沒想到你來得那么早。我沒想到你來得那么早。(不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))不定式的省略不定式的省略兩個(gè)并列的不定式由兩個(gè)并列的不定式由and或或or連接時(shí)，省略后面的不定式中的連接時(shí)，省略后面的不定式中的to。如：如：I want to finish my homework and go home. Im really puzzled what to think or say. 特例：特例：To be or not to be，that is a question. He is be

11、tter to laugh than to cry. (表示對(duì)比表示對(duì)比)句中含有動(dòng)詞句中含有動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，時(shí)，but，except，besides等后面的不帶等后面的不帶to。即。即“前前有有do，后省，后省to”。如：。如：He didnt do anything but complain.在在 cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but , could not but ,could not help but 的后面不帶的后面不帶to , 它們的意思都是它們的意思都是“只好，只有只好，只有” ,如：如： He could not but wa

12、lk home. / Its raining hard, I cannot help but stay at home./ I cannot but admire his courage. 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) It is brave of you to do that. It is easy for you to do that. 當(dāng)下列表示人物特征的形容詞同of 后的名詞或代詞關(guān)系密切，有意義上的主表關(guān)系時(shí)，常與o f 搭配。brave, careful, careless, clever, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, right, wrong ,ru

13、de, stupid, silly, wise, thoughtful, etc It was very kind of you to come to help me.= You were very kind to come to help me.下列表示事物性質(zhì)的形容詞同下列表示事物性質(zhì)的形容詞同for后的名詞或代詞關(guān)系不密切，沒有后的名詞或代詞關(guān)系不密切，沒有意義上的主表關(guān)系，但與句中的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系密切，有意義上的意義上的主表關(guān)系，但與句中的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系密切，有意義上的主表關(guān)系，常與主表關(guān)系，常與 for 搭配。搭配。easy, hard, heavy, necessary, impo

14、ssible, possible, important, difficult, etc. Its hard for him to get rid of his bad habits .= For him to get rid of his bad habits is hard.不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況1. 不定式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與句中的另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。且與句中的另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。Ill give you a book to read.Please lend me a pen to write

15、with.2. be+adj.+to doThe question is not easy to answer.3.不定式與疑問代詞連用時(shí)不定式與疑問代詞連用時(shí)School uniforms are not cool enough, so students dont know what to expect.4.某些動(dòng)詞不定式與某些動(dòng)詞不定式與be連用時(shí)連用時(shí)be to blame, be to seek, be to letThe house is to let.5. There be結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式皆可。式和被動(dòng)式皆可。There is a

16、lot of work to do/ to be done.如果不定式有邏輯主語(yǔ)，只用主動(dòng)式。如果不定式有邏輯主語(yǔ)，只用主動(dòng)式。There is nothing for me to do today. 動(dòng)名詞具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特點(diǎn)，有一般式和完成式，有主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式之分，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞一樣也是由動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞一樣也是由動(dòng)詞+ing 構(gòu)成，在句構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞的作用，可作中起名詞的作用，可作 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。否主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。否定形式也是定形式也是not+ 動(dòng)名詞，有四種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，使動(dòng)名詞，有四種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，使用時(shí)

17、注意如下內(nèi)容即可。用時(shí)注意如下內(nèi)容即可。 時(shí)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)一般 teaching being taught完成 having taught having been taught動(dòng)詞ing:表進(jìn)行和主動(dòng)1. 看動(dòng)詞 ing形式的flash2. 只跟動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（卷子）3. 作主語(yǔ)（幾個(gè)常用句型）（卷子）4. 作定語(yǔ)的位置（卷子）5. 作狀語(yǔ) （to do跟doing作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別）（課件）6. begin和start跟不定式而不跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的情況（課件）7. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的選擇（課件）8. 動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（卷子）9. 注意 現(xiàn)在分詞完成式不作定語(yǔ) （課件

18、）10. 不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別（卷子）11. 跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意思不同的動(dòng)詞（卷子）12. being done, done, to be done的區(qū)別（課件和卷子）13.10. With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（課件）14.11.如何確定邏輯主語(yǔ)并選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語(yǔ)形式（課件）15.12. 反面解讀（課件）.不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式：出乎意料的結(jié)果不定式：出乎意料的結(jié)果I woke up in the morning, to find the outside world greatly changed.現(xiàn)在分詞：往往與主句有因果關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞：往

19、往與主句有因果關(guān)系She fell off the bike, breaking her left leg.begin和和start后跟不定式而不跟動(dòng)名詞的情況后跟不定式而不跟動(dòng)名詞的情況1.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是無生命之物時(shí)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是無生命之物時(shí)2.Snow began to melt.3.2. begin和和start用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)4.He is beginning to study English.5.3. begin和和start后面的動(dòng)詞是表示心理后面的動(dòng)詞是表示心理狀態(tài)的詞（狀態(tài)的詞（know, understand, believe, wonder等）等）6.I began to

20、believe his story.關(guān)于分詞選定的原則 分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的選定依據(jù)分詞與被其修飾的名詞的關(guān)系而定。如果名詞是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果名詞是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用過去分詞。分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，則要看分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。如果句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用過去分詞。(1)Seen from the mountain，the city looks beautiful.(2)Seeing from the mountain，we can see the river running through the city.現(xiàn)在分詞跟過去分詞

21、作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞跟過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式一般不作定語(yǔ)，若要表達(dá)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式一般不作定語(yǔ)，若要表達(dá)完成意義最好用定語(yǔ)從句。完成意義最好用定語(yǔ)從句。2.The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.2. done, to be done, being done作定語(yǔ)的作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別區(qū)別The meeting being held now is of great importance.The meeting held yesterday was of great importance.The meeting to be held tomorro

22、w is of great importance.熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) (1)With_the_children_following_him(由于孩子跟著由于孩子跟著他他), he had to go back to the park.(2) With the work finished, he could go home.(3) With the weather so hot, they went in to have a rest.(4) His wife came down the stairs, with a book in her hand (a book

23、in her handbook in hand)(5) The students stood in line with the national flag being raised.歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié) with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)既可看作介詞短語(yǔ)，在句子中作定語(yǔ)；也可看作獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，常在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。它由“with賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”組成，其中，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間必須有邏輯一致關(guān)系。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：With 賓語(yǔ) adv./prep.如：(4)。adj.如：(3)。doing(主動(dòng)，同時(shí))/being done(正在被)， 如：(1)、(5)。done(被動(dòng)或完成)，如：(2)。to do(與賓語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示將要發(fā)

24、生的動(dòng)作)另外，在確定用另外，在確定用-ing形式還是用形式還是用-ed形式，用形式，用to do還是用還是用to be done時(shí)，都是由該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，都是由該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系來確定與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系來確定的。那么，如何找出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)？的。那么，如何找出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)？這與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何種成分有關(guān)，詳這與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何種成分有關(guān)，詳見下表：見下表：充當(dāng)句充當(dāng)句子成分子成分賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)邏輯邏輯主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)所修飾所修飾的詞的詞句子的句子的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 1【誤】【誤】 We dont a

25、llow to smoke in the lecture hall. 【正】【正】 We dont allow smoking in the lecture hall. 【正】【正】 We dont allow people to smoke in the lecture hall.【解析】【解析】 考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)?？疾楣潭ńY(jié)構(gòu)。allow doing sth.; allow sb. to do sth. 2【誤】【誤】 She was the first person thinking of the idea. 【正】【正】 She was the first person to think

26、of the idea. 【解析】【解析】 當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或由序數(shù)詞所修飾的名詞帶定語(yǔ)當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或由序數(shù)詞所修飾的名詞帶定語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)，此定語(yǔ)通常由不定式來充當(dāng)。此定語(yǔ)通常由不定式來充當(dāng)。專題七專題七 反面解讀反面解讀3【誤】【誤】 The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 【正】【正】 The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 【解析】【解析】 being discussed表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行

27、，而表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而根據(jù)根據(jù)at tomorrows meeting可判斷動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，可判斷動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，故用故用to be discussed表示。表示。4【誤】【誤】 This boy was seen come late this morning. 【正】【正】 This boy was seen to come late this morning. 【解析】【解析】 see，watch等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其后不定式一般需要帶其后不定式一般需要帶to。5Ive been looking forward to hear from you.【答案】【答案

28、】 hear 改為改為hearing。 【解析】【解析】 短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)look forward to中，中，to為介詞，所為介詞，所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。以應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。6He admitted to have stolen the car.【答案】【答案】 to have改為改為having?！窘馕觥俊窘馕觥?admit 后面跟動(dòng)詞的后面跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。形式作賓語(yǔ)。7This is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.【答案】【答案】 This改為改為 It?！窘馕觥俊窘馕觥?作形式主語(yǔ)，代替動(dòng)詞的作形式主語(yǔ)，代替動(dòng)

29、詞的ing形式，只形式，只能用能用it。 8 The flowers need being watered. 【答案】【答案】 being watered改為改為watering或者或者to be watered?！窘馕觥俊窘馕觥?need, want, require等動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，后面跟等動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，后面跟動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式或接不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式或接不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“需要被需要被”。 9 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式通常不作定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式通常不作定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 (1) 【誤】【誤】 I could see the house having been beaut

30、ifully decorated. 【正】【正】 I could see the house beautifully decorated. (2) 【誤】【誤】 The book having been written long ago is hard for us to understand today. 【正】【正】 The book written long ago is hard for us to understand today. 10作狀語(yǔ)的分詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須同句中主語(yǔ)為作狀語(yǔ)的分詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須同句中主語(yǔ)為同一人或同一事，現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)有主動(dòng)關(guān)同一人或同一事，現(xiàn)在分詞

31、與其邏輯主語(yǔ)有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過去分詞則與其邏輯主語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。系，而過去分詞則與其邏輯主語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(1) 【誤】【誤】 Having found the cause, the experiment continued. 【正】【正】 Having found the cause, they continued the experiment. (Having foundAfter/When they had found) (2) 【誤】【誤】 Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 【正】【正】 Seen

32、from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. (SeenWhen the city is seen) 11非謂語(yǔ)的否定式中，非謂語(yǔ)的否定式中，not必須放在非謂語(yǔ)的最前面。必須放在非謂語(yǔ)的最前面。 (1) 【誤】【誤】 Having not finished his homework, he didnt want to go to bed. 【正】【正】 Not having finished his homework, he didnt want to go to bed. (2) 【誤】【誤】 Mother warns u

33、s to not play in the street. 【正】【正】 Mother warns us not to play in the street. 過去分詞過去分詞 v-ed不定式不定式 to + v動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的v-ing非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表將來，主動(dòng)。表將來，主動(dòng)。表進(jìn)行，主動(dòng)表進(jìn)行，主動(dòng)表完成，被動(dòng)表完成，被動(dòng)不定式的被動(dòng)式不定式的被動(dòng)式在表示被動(dòng)的同在表示被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還兼表示未來。時(shí)還兼表示未來?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式也表現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式也表示完成，尤其是表示有示完成，尤其是表示有明顯先后時(shí)間關(guān)系的完明顯先后時(shí)間關(guān)系的完成。成。現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式在現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式在表示被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還將表

34、示被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還將表示進(jìn)行。表示進(jìn)行。6.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)I woke up in the morning, to find the outside world greatly changed.She fell off the bike, breaking her left leg.解析解析不定式：出乎意料的結(jié)果不定式：出乎意料的結(jié)果現(xiàn)在分詞：往往與主句有因果關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞：往往與主句有因果關(guān)系考點(diǎn)擊破考點(diǎn)擊破一、單句填空：用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。一、單句填空：用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. _ (walk) is a good form of e

35、xercise for both young and old. (全國(guó)全國(guó))2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _(argue) with him. (上海上海)3. Please remain _(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (遼寧遼寧)4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) here. (江蘇江蘇) Walking arguing seated smok

36、ing 5. It is difficult to imagine his _(accept) the decision without any consideration. (陜西陜西)6. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. (北京北京)7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _ (repair). (陜

37、西陜西)8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南湖南)accepting to stop workingto be repaired living 9. _ (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.10. I sent you 100 dollars today with the rest _ (f

38、ollow) next week.11. _ (lose) in the mountains for weeks, the two students were finally saved by the local police.12. _ (put) into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.Dressedto followLostPut 2. _ of the truth of the reports, he told hi

39、s colleagues about it. AConvinced BConvincingCTo convince DHaving convinced【解析】【解析】 A動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞convince表示表示“使使確信確信”；be convinced of sth.“確信確信，相信，相信”；此處用過去分詞作狀；此處用過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。也可說，此處語(yǔ)。也可說，此處convinced of the truth of the reports是是形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因。形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因。 _ in thought， he almost ran into the car in front of h

40、im. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose專題七專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 3 Be careful! Dont forget you are on a ladder. But you are holding it for me, nothing _ . Aworry about Bto worry aboutCis worried about Dworrying about【解析】【解析】 B考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！靶⌒狞c(diǎn)。別忘了你小心點(diǎn)。別忘了你在梯子上。在梯子上。”“但是你扶著呢，沒什么可擔(dān)心的。但是你扶著呢，沒什么可擔(dān)

41、心的。” nothing與不定式短語(yǔ)與不定式短語(yǔ)to worry about連用，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格連用，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)充說明性的狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)充說明性的狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于But you are holding it for me, so there is nothing to worry about/so I have nothing to worry about. 其中其中to worry about作后置定語(yǔ)。作后置定語(yǔ)。專題七專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 4 He looked at me, with an expression _ that he felt even more puz

42、zled. Aindicate BindicatesCindicating Dindicated【解析】 Cwith an expression indicating為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中an expression為邏輯主語(yǔ)，indicate與這個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)之間有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。專題七專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 7 He claimed _ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. Abeing badly treatedBtreating badlyCto be treated badlyDto have been

43、 badly treated【答案】 D專題七專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練8 Why are the students working so hard these days? _ ready for the coming entrance examination. ATo get BGet CGetting DGot【解析】 A本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。聯(lián)系語(yǔ)境可知，這些日子學(xué)生們努力學(xué)習(xí)是為即將到來的考試做準(zhǔn)備，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故A項(xiàng)正確。專題七專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練9If water es increasingly scarce in decades _ ，water shortage wi

44、ll e a hot issue all over the world. Acoming Bhaving comeCto come Dto be coming【解析】 C本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。用不定式表示將要到來的。句意為：如果在將來的幾十年水資源變得稀少，那么水資源的缺乏將會(huì)成為全球比較熱門的一個(gè)話題。10The party was a success，but we thought it a pity not _ you. Ato invite Bto be invitingCto have invited Dto be invited【答案】 C專題七專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 11Heari

45、ng the 2009 World Winter University Games _ open，all the people in the Harbin Sports Center Gym burst into cheers. Adeclare BdeclaredCdeclaring Dto be declared【解析】 B考查過去分詞的用法。很顯然選項(xiàng)B和其邏輯主語(yǔ)the 2009 World Winter University Games是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，選B。專題七專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練12As the light turned green，I stood for a moment, n

46、ot _ and asked myself what I was going to do. Amoved BmovingCto move Dbeing moved【解析】 Bmove的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，not moving 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。如果不注意分析，很容易受并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞stoodand asked干擾而誤選A。專題七專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 13An offer of a reward has caused many students in our school _ actively in the competition. Aparticipate Bparticip

47、atedCparticipating Dto participate【解析】 D句意為：比賽有獎(jiǎng)，這使得我校很多學(xué)生積極參加了比賽。cause sb. to do sth. 為固定用法。專題七專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 16 Where is Tom？I have something important to tell him. I last saw him _ in the library reading. Asit Bseated Cseating Dsat【解析】 B本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。題干句子空白處用seated作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，因?yàn)閟eat是及物動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)him之間的邏輯關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。專題七專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 192010江蘇卷 The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _ the students to return to their cla