初一至初三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)

1、初一至初三全程英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)初一年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about?3. Lets do sth.4. Its time to do sth.5. Its t

2、ime for 6. Whats? It is/ Its7. Where is? Its.8. How old are you? Im.9. What class are you in? Im in.10. Welcome to.11. Whats plus? Its.12. I think13. Whos this? This is.14. What can you see？ I can see.15. There is (are) .16. What colour is it (are they)? Its (Theyre)17. Whose is this? Its.18. What t

3、ime is it? Its.III. 交際用語(yǔ)1. Good morning, Miss/Mr.2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? Im fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! Youre welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. Whats your name? My name is .9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Whos

4、 on duty today?11. Lets do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要語(yǔ)法1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法；2. 人稱代詞與物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法?！久麕熤v解】1.in/on 在表示空間位置時(shí)，in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree. 樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。2. this/that/these/those(1)this常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話

5、人的人與事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人與事，those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：You look in this box and Ill look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子，我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。Take these books to his room, please. 請(qǐng)把這些書(shū)拿到他房間去。This is mine; thats yours. 這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。These are apples; t

6、hose are oranges. 這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。(2)在打 的用語(yǔ)中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是對(duì)方。例如：This is Mary speaking. Whos that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰(shuí)？3. There be/ haveThere be "有"，其確切含意為"某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。"其結(jié)構(gòu)是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ)，be 動(dòng)詞的形式要與主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如：(1) Th

7、ere is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂(lè)。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹(shù)上有許多蘋果?？傊?，There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的"有"。have表示"擁有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞，及主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有

8、兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示有意識(shí)地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。Look! Whats that over there? 看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語(yǔ)，如：Hes looking at me。他正在看著我。(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)

9、果，著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see是及物動(dòng)詞，后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如：What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“觀看，注視”，側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。4. put on/ / in put on意

10、為“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in 是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)。如：Its cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是John的媽媽。5. house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方; Famil

11、y: “家庭“，“家庭成員”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來(lái)。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容詞表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)別在于：(1) fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細(xì)"，形容人時(shí)表示的是"身體健康"，也 可以用來(lái)指"天氣晴朗"。例如：Y

12、our parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。That's a fine machine.那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器It's a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好時(shí)候。(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于問(wèn)候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 見(jiàn)到你很高興。It's very nice of you. 你

13、真好。(3)good形容人時(shí)指"品德好"，形容物時(shí)指"質(zhì)量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語(yǔ)。例如：Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。The red car is very good. 那輛紅色小汽車很好。(4)well只可用來(lái)形容人的"身體好"，但不能作定語(yǔ)，它也能用作副詞作狀語(yǔ)，多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如：I'm very well, thanks. 我身體很好，謝謝。My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好。【考點(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：1.

14、動(dòng)詞be的用法；2. 人稱代詞與物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法。6. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)與句型；7. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ)。考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子?！局锌挤独?. (2004年北京市中考試題) Mary, please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是人稱代詞與物主代詞的用法。本題中動(dòng)詞show后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格me作賓語(yǔ)。2. (2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題) _ or

15、ange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)槭翘刂刚n桌上的那個(gè)橘子，所以用定冠詞the。3. (2004年哈爾濱市中考試題) -What _ the number of the girls in your class? -About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞be的用法與主謂一致。the number作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱，動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)閕s。4. (2004年陜西省中考試題) There _ a foo

16、tball match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是There be句型與動(dòng)詞have用法區(qū)別。There be句型本身就表示“在某個(gè)地方存在某個(gè)人或物”，不能與動(dòng)詞have混在一起用。初一年級(jí)（下）【知識(shí)梳理】I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. do ones homewo

17、rk10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast 19. have lunch20. have supper21. listen to22. notat all23. putaway24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of the day28. in the morning / afte

18、rnoon/ evening29. on a farm30. in a factoryII. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat?6. How do you spell ?7. May I borrow?III. 交際用語(yǔ)1. Thanks very much!You're welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. What's wrong?4. I think s

19、o. I don't think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.9. What's your favourite sport?10. Don't worry.11.Im (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13. That's right./ Thats all right.

20、/ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They dont have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow?-Its Monday.17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please? -Certainly. Here you are.18. -Where are you from?-From Beijing.19.

21、What's your telephone number in New York?20. -Do you like hot dogs?-Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)-No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)21. -What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22. -When do you go to school every day?-I go to school

22、 at 7:00 every day.23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要語(yǔ)法1.人稱代詞的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成與用法；4動(dòng)詞have的用法；5一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成與用法；6可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成與用法【名師講解】1. That's right./ Thats all right./ All right.Thats right意為“對(duì)的”，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如："I think we must h

23、elp the old man.""我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。""That's right."或 "You're right.""說(shuō)得對(duì)"。Thats all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒(méi)關(guān)系”，用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如："Many thanks." "That's all right." "Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."All

24、 right.意為“行了”、“可以”，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“身體很好”"Please tell me about it." "請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。" "All right.""好吧。"Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎2. make/do這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“做”，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎？Hes doing his homework no

25、w.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞，意為“說(shuō)出”、“說(shuō)道”，著重所說(shuō)的話。如：“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說(shuō)，“我要坐汽車到那里去?！盤lease say it in English .請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。speak : “說(shuō)話”，著重開(kāi)口發(fā)聲，不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ) ) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能說(shuō)說(shuō)他的情況？I dont like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說(shuō)話。speak 作及

26、物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能與某種語(yǔ)言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。talk : 及 speak 意義相近，也著重說(shuō)話的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說(shuō)的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞， 不過(guò)，talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指連續(xù)地與別人談話。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡與孩子們交談。tell : “告訴”,除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如：Hes tellin

27、g me a story.他在給我講故事。tell a lie 撒謊 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth 如：.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做飯”解，屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語(yǔ)：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shoppi

28、ng 買些東西do some reading 讀書(shū)do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚(yú)從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ)，不能用some, much或定冠詞。go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚(yú)go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 及l(fā)ike to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛(ài)好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性與經(jīng)常性；后來(lái)表示一次性與偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：He likes playing footb

29、all, but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡與李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的，別的，如：Have you any other questions?你還有其他問(wèn)題嗎?others 別的人，別的東西.如：In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人。the other表另一個(gè)（二者之中）one，the other如：One of

30、my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些如：There is room for another few books on the shelf.書(shū)架上還可以放點(diǎn)書(shū)。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 及 on the tree.譯成中文均為"在樹(shù)上"但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事（不屬于樹(shù)本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西）落在樹(shù)上，表示樹(shù)的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上時(shí)，

31、要使用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹(shù)上有些蘋果。There is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。8. some/ any some與 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要注意。(1)some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句與疑問(wèn)句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.(2)在說(shuō)話者希望得到肯定答

32、復(fù)的一般疑問(wèn)句中，或在表示請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句中，我們依然用some。如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)說(shuō)人，動(dòng)物，樹(shù)木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如 a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女a(chǎn) tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬 (2)說(shuō)一個(gè)不及地面接觸的人與物的高時(shí)，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)，例如： He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹(shù)上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高。 (3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要ta

33、ll或high都可以，不過(guò)high的程度比tall高。 (4)high可作副詞，tall不能。 (5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.10. can/ could(1) can表示體力與腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的"能力"。例如：Can you ride a bike?你會(huì)騎自行車嗎?What can I do for you？要幫忙嗎？Can you make a cake？你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎？(2) can用在否定句與疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的"懷疑""猜測(cè)"或不肯定。例如：Where can

34、he be？他會(huì)在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？It surely can't be six o'clock already？不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧？You can't be hungry so soon，Tom，you've just had lunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過(guò)午飯。What can he mean？他會(huì)是什么意思？在日常會(huì)話中，can可代替may表示"允許"，may比較正式。例如：You can come in any time.你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。- Can I use

35、your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？- Of course，you can.當(dāng)然可以。You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) couldcould 是 can的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去有過(guò)的能力與可能性（在否定與疑問(wèn)句中）。例如：The doctor said he could help him.（能力）醫(yī)生說(shuō)他能幫助他。Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。At that time we thought the story could be t

36、rue.（可能性）那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的可能是真的。could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：Could I speak to John，please？我能與約翰說(shuō)話嗎？Could you？在口語(yǔ)中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎？Could you please ring again at six？六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打 好嗎？(4) can的形式只有現(xiàn)在式can與過(guò)去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在與一般過(guò)去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能表示將來(lái)。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)（包括將來(lái)時(shí)）須用be able to加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。例如：

37、They have not been able to come to Beijing.他們沒(méi)有能到北京來(lái)。11. look for/ findlook for 意為“尋找”，而find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這一動(dòng)作，并不注重“找”的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如：She cant find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch，but he cant find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒(méi)能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示動(dòng)作，意思是“正在睡覺(jué)”；be as

38、leep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了”。如：-What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？-They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺(jué)。The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften 表示"經(jīng)常"，sometimes表示"有時(shí)候"，在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動(dòng)作或情況，常及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

39、的前面，其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng)詞）的后面，有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，則放在句首。 We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有時(shí)，我睡覺(jué)很早。He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。14. How much/ How manyhow much常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某一商品的價(jià)格，常見(jiàn)句式是How much is / are?How much is the skirt? 這條裙子多少錢？How much are t

40、he bananas? 這些香蕉多少錢？how much后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為“多少“，how many后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for 表示"對(duì)有好處"，而be bad for表示"對(duì)有害"；be good to表示"對(duì)友好"，而be bad to表示"對(duì)不

41、好"；be good at表示"擅長(zhǎng)，在方面做得好"，而be bad at表示"在方面做得不好"。如：Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。 Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。 Miss Li is good to all of us.李教師對(duì)我們所有的人都很友好。 The boss is bad to his workers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。 Li Lei is good at drawing,

42、but I'm bad at it.李雷擅長(zhǎng)畫(huà)畫(huà)，但是我不擅長(zhǎng)。16. each/ everyeach 與every都有"每一個(gè)"的意思，但含義與用法不相同。each從個(gè)體著眼，every從整體著眼。each 可用于兩者或兩者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。如：We each have a new book.我們每人各有一本新書(shū)。There are trees on each side of the street.街的兩旁有樹(shù)。 He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容詞、副詞與代詞；every只能

43、用作形容詞。如：Each of them has his own duty.他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。They each want to do something different.他們每個(gè)人都想做不同的事情。17. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示說(shuō)話者的能力，還有自然現(xiàn)象；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（構(gòu)成方式為am/is /are/+doing）。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。I'm doing my homework now.我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常及now, these

44、 days, at the moment 或Look, listen等詞連用；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常及often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等連用。We often clean the classroom after school.我們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打掃教室。Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看！他們正在打掃教室呢。【考點(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：1動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法，人稱代詞的用法，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成與用法。2本冊(cè)書(shū)中常見(jiàn)的交

45、際用語(yǔ)3本冊(cè)書(shū)中一些重點(diǎn)的詞組與短語(yǔ)考試形式往往是單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)與短文填空。【中考范例】1.（2004年安徽省中考試題） -Hurry up! Were all waiting for you. -I _ for an important phone call. Go without me. A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited 【解析】答案：C。表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。2. (2004年長(zhǎng)春市中考試題) Could you help _ with _ English, please?A. I, my B. m

46、e, me C. me, my D. my, I 【解析】答案：C。第一個(gè)空作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格me, 第二個(gè)空作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞my。3.(2004年長(zhǎng)春市中考試題)Dr. White can _ French very well. A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell【解析】答案：A。說(shuō)什麼語(yǔ)言常用動(dòng)詞speak。4.（2004年黃岡中考試題）English is spoken by _people. A. a lot B. much many C. a large number of D. a great deal of【解析】答案：C。只有a

47、large number of 能用來(lái)修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞people。4. he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here初二年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. on time 2. best wishes 3. give a talk 4. for example 5. short for6. a waste of time7. go on a field trip8. go fishing9. I agree10. next week11. the day after tomorrow12. have a picnic13. hav

48、e some problems doing sth.14. go the wrong way15. hurry up16. get together17. in the open air18. on Mid-Autumn Day19. come over20. have to 21. get home 22. agree with 23. in the country24. in town 25. all the same26. in front of27. on the left/right side28. next to 29. up and down30. keep healthy31.

49、 grow up32. at the same time33. the day before yesterday35. last Saturday36. half an hour ago37. a moment ago38. just now39. by the way40. all the time41. at firstII. 重要句型1. have fun doing sth. 2. Why dont you?3. Were going to do sth.4. start with sth.5. Why not? 6. Are you going to?7. be friendly t

50、o sb.8. Youd better do sth.9. ask sb. for sth.10. say goodbye to sb.11. Good luck(with sb)!III. 交際用語(yǔ)1.Welcome backto school!2.Excuse me. Im sorry Im late, because the traffic is bad. 3.It doesnt matter.4.Happy Teachers Day !5.Thats a good idea.6.What are you going to do？7.Where are we going ?8.What

51、are we going to do ? 9.Im good at10.Its not far from11. Are you free tomorrow evening?12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?13.Im glad you can come.14.Thanks for asking us.15.How about another one?16.May I have a taste?17.Let me walk with you.18.What do you have

52、to do?19.Do you live on a farm?20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!23.-Lets make it half past one. -OK.24.-Why not come a little earlier? -All right.25.Excuse me. Wheres the nearest post office, pleas

53、e?26.Its over there on the right.27.Im sorry I dont know.28.Youd better29.Thank you all the same.30.Which bus do I take?31.Go along this road.32.What day was it yesterday?33.Im sorry to hear that.34.I hope youre better now.35.Why did you call me?36.I called to tellIV. 重要語(yǔ)法1.be going to的用法；2.形容詞的比較級(jí)、

54、最高級(jí)；3.形容詞與副詞的比較4.一般過(guò)去時(shí)【名師講解】1. on the street / in the street表示“在街上”時(shí)，on the street 與 in the street 都可以，在美國(guó)多用on the street, 在英國(guó)多用in the street. 例如：We have a house in the street. 我們?cè)诮稚嫌凶孔?。I met him on the street. 我在街上遇見(jiàn)了他。2. would like / like would like 與 like含義不同。like 意思是“喜歡”，“愛(ài)好”，而 would like 意思是“想

55、要”。試比較： I like beer.=Im fond of beer. 我喜歡喝啤酒。Id like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜歡看電影嗎？Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？3. another / the other(1)another 通常用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上或不確定數(shù)量中的任意一個(gè)人或 物體。 例如：May I have another apple, please? 請(qǐng)?jiān)诮o

56、我一個(gè)蘋果好嗎？This coat is too small for me. Please show me another這件外套我穿太小，請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我拿一件看看。(2)the other 通常指兩者中的另一個(gè)。例如：He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有兩把尺子，一把短的，另一把長(zhǎng)的。 I have two brothers. One works in Xian . The other works in Beijing. 我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)在西安工作，另一個(gè)在北京工作。4. have to /must (1)have to與

57、must 都可以用來(lái)談?wù)摿x務(wù)，但用法略有不同。如果某人主觀上覺(jué)得必須去做而又想去時(shí)，常用must。如果談?wù)撃撤N來(lái)自“外界”的義務(wù)，常用have to。例如：I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙。（自己想戒煙）They have to work for the boss.他們不得不為那個(gè)老板工作。（條件逼得他們?nèi)スぷ鳎?(2)have to 可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，must 只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Ill have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必須早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.為了多掙錢，我們不得不每天長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地工作。(3)用于否定句時(shí)，mustnt意思是“決不能”，“禁止”，而dont have to意思是“不必”，相當(dāng)于neednt。例如：You mustnt be late again next time.下一次你決不能再遲到。You dont have to go there today.