學(xué)而思新概念語(yǔ)法整理

1、語(yǔ)法一：人稱代詞精選第三人稱人 稱 代 詞單數(shù)人稱代詞第二人 稱第一人 稱it主格it格句型轉(zhuǎn)化（Be動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)）肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞否定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+not一般疑問句：be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)？物主代詞復(fù)數(shù)theythem特殊疑問句：What colour is ?What nationality are you?Where are you from?Where do you come from?Whose bag is it?What' s your job?What' s the weather likeWhat' s the climate like?Iweyou

2、youhesheittheymyouryouryourhisheritstheirIt ' s red.I ' m Chinese.I ' m from China.I come from China.It ' s my bag.I ' m a mechanic.It ' s sunny/ry/snowy/cloudy.It ' s pleasant/warm/wet/dry.語(yǔ)法 一、不可數(shù)名詞定義：抽刀斷水水更流”（難以分開的一個(gè)整體，不可分割的事物）。特點(diǎn)：1、前面無(wú)a/an,后無(wú)s;2、表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)用量詞修飾，量詞可數(shù)；Eg. Mil

3、k-a bottle of milk-two bottles ofmilkSoap-abar of soap-three bars of soap二、some和any用法相同點(diǎn)：表示一些，后面都可加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞不同點(diǎn)：some常用在肯定句，但是在表示建議，反問，請(qǐng)求的疑問句中，或期望得到肯定 回答時(shí)，多用some而不用any;any用在否定句和疑問句。三、指代用法One指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Ones指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Any可指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞四、句型1、Do you like ?Yes, I do.Yes, I do. But I don ' t want No, I d

4、on ' t.2、Do you want ?Yes, please.No,thank you / thanks. I don: t like 五.名詞復(fù)數(shù)特殊變化規(guī)則：可數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)變 化woman-women, man-men, tooth-teeth,deer-deer, child-children, fish-fish, foot-feet,goose-geese, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen國(guó)人變化：中H兩端永小艾, 英法荷蘭A變E,其他國(guó)人S 加后邊.Japanese -Japanes Englishman-Englishmen ;Chinese Chi

5、nese; GermanGermans ; American Americans語(yǔ)法三 一、介詞in在.里on在.上under在下面beside在.旁邊between在兩者中間among三者或以上中間over在上（無(wú)接觸面的垂直上方；從一端到另一端）above在.上（無(wú)接觸面的上方，不一定垂直）across 橫穿、穿過（強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面越過）through 穿過 （強(qiáng)調(diào)從中間穿過）along 沿著二、 There be 句型與 have got 句型1 .There be 句型：定義： 某地（或某時(shí)）存在有某人（或某物）。句型結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：There is+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或 不可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)Ther

6、e are+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)否定句 （ be 動(dòng)詞后加not）：There is not +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)There are not+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)疑問句 （ be 動(dòng)詞提前）：Is there +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)？Are there +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)？特點(diǎn)： “就近原則"2 .have got 句型：定義： 它表示某物歸某人（某物）所有，是一種所屬關(guān)系。句型結(jié)構(gòu)： 否定句： 在have或has后力口 not,縮寫為haven'或hasn' t.疑問句：把have或has提前特點(diǎn)： 主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，have 要變成has。

7、語(yǔ)法三： 小升初小練兵1 .There is a bridge the river.A. over B. on C. above D. below2 .They spent about ten days to go the big desert （沙漠）A.across B. through C. over D. along3 .用there be 或 have got 填空：1） I a good father and a good mother.2） any books in the bookcase?3） a picture and a clock on the wall.4） She

8、some dresses.5） What does Mike ?語(yǔ)法四 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法（ 1 ）表示 經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性,永久性的動(dòng)作。often 經(jīng)常， usually 通常， always 總是， everyday 每天， sometimes 有時(shí)（ 2）表示事物的狀態(tài)或特征There is a scar on his forehead.（ 3）表示 客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，等客觀事實(shí)或格言，諺語(yǔ)等。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.注： 只有在第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的“三單變化”，其他用動(dòng)詞的原形。

9、動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則：1 .多數(shù)在動(dòng)詞后s（ 1 ） 直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s.play plays like likes stay-staysask-askswork-worksget-gets2 2） 以字母 s, x, ch, sh 或 o 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-es.watch-watches wish-wishesfix-fixesdo-doesgo-goespass-passes（3）以 輔音字母加-y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先變 y為i再加-es. try-triesstudy-studies cry-criesfly-flies2.不規(guī)則變化： beis havehas一

10、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換：陳述句（肯定句）：主語(yǔ)加動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)；（ 主語(yǔ)+ do/does.）一般疑問句：在主語(yǔ)前加助動(dòng)詞do （you,以及復(fù)數(shù)）,does （單數(shù)she, he, it:）變成問句；（ Do/Does + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形.）否定句：在主語(yǔ)后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞don' KI, you,以及復(fù)數(shù)），doesn '（單數(shù)she, he, it:）變成否定句，助動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞要變成動(dòng)詞原形。（主語(yǔ) + don t/doesn 動(dòng)詞原形 t +.）例：肯定句 : I like grapes.否定句 : I don t like grapes.一般疑問句: D

11、o you like grapes?肯定句：She gets up early every morning.否定句She doesn' t get up early every morning. 一般疑問句 Does she get up early every morning?語(yǔ)法五 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的含義表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)各種句式的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語(yǔ) + am/is/are + V.ingE.g. We are having a class.He is painting.She is playi

12、ng.否定句：主語(yǔ) + am/is/are + V.ingE.g. We are not having a class.He is not painting.She is not playing.疑問句：Am/Is/Are + 主語(yǔ) + V.ingE.g. Are you having a class ？Is he painting ？Is she playing？三、動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則（ 1 ） “直 ” ： 一般情況下，直接加ing，如： do-doing ， cook-cooking ， stand-standing（ 2） “去 ” ：以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾，去e 加 ing，如：come-co

13、ming ， dance-dancing（ 3） “雙 ” ： 重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stoppingswim-swimming, forget-forgetting雙寫規(guī)則：1 、重讀在詞尾；2、閉音節(jié)（短音節(jié)）；3、單輔音字母（在一般情況下，如果某一單詞是以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，而這個(gè)輔音的前面是讀長(zhǎng)元音或雙元音，就不能雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母。如read-reading, think-thinking 等。）（4）“改"：改 ie 為 y,力口 ing如： die-dying lie-lying語(yǔ)法五小升初小練筆一、寫出下列動(dòng)

14、詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play run swim make go likewrite ski read have sing dance二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1. The boy ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen ！ Some girls ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother ( cook )some nice food now.4. What you ( do ) now?5. Look ！ They ( have) an English lesson .三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1 They are doing housework .(

15、 分別改成一般疑問句和否定句 2 The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答) 語(yǔ)法六：一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如:last year, yesterday 等；也可表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often, always等頻率副詞連用。注意：發(fā)生在過去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，并已經(jīng)結(jié)束。/ am/is-was一、be動(dòng)詞 are were1、句式結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句： 主語(yǔ) + was/were + We were very tired yesterday. 我們昨天很累

16、。否定句：主語(yǔ) + wasn' t/weren ' t + I wasn ' t at home yesterda我昨天不在家。一般疑問句：-Was/were +主語(yǔ)+？-Yes,主語(yǔ) + was/were.-No,主語(yǔ) + wasn ' t/weren ' t.2、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較（例子見下表）:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) every-一M過去時(shí) yesterdayShe goes to school everyday,But yesterday morning she went shopping.She plays football every after

17、noon,But yesterday afternoon she played basketball.She chats with(和。聊天)her friends every evening on line,But yesterday evening she chatted with her friends on email.二、行為動(dòng)詞1、句子構(gòu)成?？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式 +.I went to the zoo yesterday. 我昨天去公園了。 否定句： 主語(yǔ) + did not (didn't) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + .I didn't go to school y

18、esterday. 我昨天沒去上學(xué)。 一般疑問句：-Did +主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形 + . ?- Yes,主語(yǔ) + did.- No,主語(yǔ) + did not(didn't)- Did you buy a book last Monday?- Yes, I did.- No, I didn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞 + did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+ .?1) -What did you do last night?-I did my homework.2) -When did you go to the zoo?-I went to the zoo yesterday.2、動(dòng)詞過去式變

19、形：1） 直”一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked; work-worked; play-played2） 去”以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived; move-moved3）雙”末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加 -ed。如：stop-stopped; drop-dropped4）改"末尾是輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i,然后再加-ed。如：study-studied; carry-carried5）特“不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式需特殊記憶。 am/is -wasare werehave/hashaddo/

20、doesdidcancould will wouldshallshouldswim swam sing sangring rangsitsatcome-camegive gave run ran drink drank becomebecame beginbegan buybought bring brought catch caught think thought teachtaughtsend sentbuild builtgowentspendspentloselostlend lent mean menatsweep sweptfeel felt learnlearnt/learned

21、 smellsmelt sleep sleptput put cutcuthit hit read read hurt- hurt let let beat- beat costcost write wrote riderode rise-rose win won drive drove speak spoke getgot forget forgotchoose chosesell sold wakewoke break broke3、標(biāo)志詞yesterday 系歹Uyesterday morning; yesterday afternoon; yesterday eveningago系列a

22、 minute ago; an hour ago; a day ago; a week ago; a month ago; year ago; two days ago; six years agothis系列this month; this weeklast系列l(wèi)ast month; last yearthebefore lastthe week before last; the month before last語(yǔ)法六 小升初練習(xí)題一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空。1. I (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. she (practice) her gu

23、itar yesterday? No, she 3. What Tom (do) on Saturday evening?He (watch) TV and (read) an interesting book.4. They all (go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She (not visit) her aunt last weekend.二、改寫句子：1、 Lucy did her homework at home. (改否定句)Lucy her homework at home.2、 He found some meat in the

24、 fridge (冰箱).(變一般疑問句)he meat in the fridge?3、She stayed there for a week.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)she there?4、There was some orange in the cup.(變一般疑問句 ) there orange in the cup?語(yǔ)法七 一般將來時(shí)1.will含義： 將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+ will + 動(dòng)詞原形It will rain.否定句：主語(yǔ)+ will not (won't) + 動(dòng)詞原形He won't be late f

25、or school.一般疑問句：Will + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形？-Will it snow in GZ?-Yes, it will.-No, it will not (won't).2. be going to含義： 近期或事先考慮過的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作以及已有跡象表明必將發(fā)生某事，意為“打算，將要做某事"?？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+ be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形I am going to travel.He/She is going to travel.We/They/You are going to travel.否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be not going to + 動(dòng)詞原形I

26、am not going to travel.He/She is not going to travel.We/They/You are not going to travel.一般疑問句：Be + 主語(yǔ) + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形?Are you going to travel?Is he/she going to travel?Are we/they/you going to travel?3、時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞tomorrow; tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening;next year/week/month/hour ;this afternoon/Sun

27、day/evening ;in the future;in + 一段時(shí)間時(shí)態(tài)小口訣英語(yǔ)動(dòng)作有四種：經(jīng)常做，正在做，將要做和過去做。經(jīng)常做用動(dòng)原或三單，遇到他她它單個(gè)做改三單；要借 do 或 does 變問否，后面動(dòng)詞用原型。正在做用be+動(dòng)詞ing ,兩個(gè)朋友不分離,be 用 am,is ,are 來代替。將要做有兩種：用will (shall)加動(dòng)原或 be going to加動(dòng)原。過去做，很簡(jiǎn)單，對(duì)照經(jīng)常做動(dòng)詞變成過去式,要借 did 變問否 ,后面動(dòng)詞用原型.語(yǔ)法八：（請(qǐng)您記住以下新概念英語(yǔ)一冊(cè)1 -144課的所固定搭配短語(yǔ)）I beg your pardon請(qǐng)您在重復(fù)（說）一遍Nice

28、 to meet you （ too ）（我也）很高興見到你Look at 看一How do you do你好Be careful小心A loaf of bread一塊面包A bar of soap/chocolate一塊香皂/巧克力A bottle of一瓶 .A pound of一磅 .Half a pound of半磅 .A quarter of四分之一.A tin of一聽 .Hurry up ！快點(diǎn)！Next door隔壁Black coffee不加牛奶的咖啡White coffee加牛奶的咖啡Come home from school放學(xué)回家Come home from work下

29、班回家In the morning早上In the afternoon下午In the evening晚上At noon中午At night夜里At the moment此刻What s the time?幾點(diǎn)鐘？Come upstairs上樓Come downstairs下樓Hundreds of 數(shù)以百計(jì)的On the way home在回家的途中This morning今天早晨This afternoon今天下午This evening今天晚上tonight今天夜里Yesterday morning昨天早晨Yesterday afternoon昨天下午Yesterday evening昨

30、天晚上Last night昨天夜里The day before yesterday in the morning前天早晨The day before yesterday in the afternoon前天下午The day before yesterday in the evening前天晚上The night before last前天夜間A low mark分?jǐn)?shù)很底A high mark分?jǐn)?shù)很高She said to herselfThe way to In fashionI ' m afraid I ' m sure A lot ofAt allGoing on hol

31、iday Have been to All the timeHave been to Drive into For saleHave the last wordThe R.A.F.Return ticketNext door toIn five hours time Go back The othe day Fell downstairsThe Y.H.A.Cheer up Full of Would you like ? Could you ?Buy on instalmentsSmall change Go back to sleep To take with Have toBy myse

32、lf By yourself By himself By herself By itself By ourselves By yourselves By themselves By oneself Not that long ago AtHe can ' t be 她心中暗想到的走法流行的，時(shí)髦的我恐怕我確信，我肯定許多（用于肯定句）絲毫、更本、一點(diǎn)也不度假到過一直，始終到過撞倒供出售、出售最后決定、最后才算英國(guó)皇家空軍往返票與相鄰，在隔壁在五小時(shí)之后。返回幾天前從樓上摔下來青年招待所協(xié)會(huì)振作起來充滿了你愿意？你能？（比Can you更以分期付款的方式購(gòu)買繼續(xù)睡覺把帶上（with后跟人

33、稱賓格）不得不（過去式Had to）我自己你自己他自己她自己它自己我們自己你們自己他 /她 /它們自己獨(dú)自的沒那么久（以一的方式進(jìn)行、做某事）他不可能He must be他肯定是He can ' t have been 他那時(shí)不可能He must have benn他那時(shí)肯定是Don t be so sure He may He might Make up minds Look afterIn the endIn the first instance He may be He may have been I m ot sureI wonder why A long time (ago)

34、 Get married Depend on I ' m late for By the wayI m dressed in Make up her face把自己打扮漂亮, 覆蓋著（表明目的）紙片煙頭拿出放到一邊成百上千的周游世界別那么肯定他可能他可能（沒有He might 的程度強(qiáng)）打定主意（up 后跟人稱賓格）照看最后首先，起初他可能是他可能己經(jīng)我不敢肯定我想知道為什么很早（前）結(jié)婚依靠，取決于我因?yàn)槎t到順便（問，說）我穿戴著往她的臉上施脂粉Make myselft beautifulWas covered withI went fo r Pice of paper Cigar

35、ette endsTake outPut away Hundreds of Round the world季節(jié)、月份、星Spring春節(jié)Summer夏天Autumn秋天Winter冬天January一月February二月March三月April四月May五月June六月July七月August八月September九月October十月November十一月December十二月Monday星一Tuesday星二Wednesday星三Tursday星四Friday星五Saturday星六Sunday星日Weekend周未語(yǔ)法九一 .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞定義：在句子中通常用來表示“能力 ”、 “請(qǐng)求或許可

36、” 必須 、 可能 等表示情感或態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can：含義（一）：表能力，意為“能、會(huì) ”Can you speak French?Yes, I can. / No, I can t.含義（二）：表請(qǐng)求或許可，意為“可以 ”Can you open the window?注意： can 一般上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)或長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩，對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩上級(jí)用could結(jié)構(gòu)：can+動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must：含義：表義務(wù)，意為“必須 ”You must finish the work today.Must I finish the work today?Yes, you must./ No, you needn t.注意：

37、 1. must 表示必須時(shí)，否定式為neednt ；2. mustn褰示禁止、不準(zhǔn)”We mustn t play football on the road.結(jié)構(gòu)： must+ 動(dòng)詞原形拓展：1、 have to 不得不，必須（客觀）；must 必須，一定（主觀）;have to （第三人稱單數(shù)用has to）+ 動(dòng)詞原形;My mother is not at home, so I have to eat outside.2、 May 比 can 更委婉的請(qǐng)求May I come in? Yes, you may. / No, you can t.二 .可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞修飾詞1、 a lo

38、t of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞（表示許多，多用于肯定句）2、many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)eg. many booksmuch+ 不可數(shù)名詞eg. much chocolate3、 some 與 any相同點(diǎn)：+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞不同點(diǎn)：some多用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，some 還可表示委婉的請(qǐng)求，希望征得肯定的回答。Would you like some tea? / Could you give me some water, please?Yes, please. / No, thank you.語(yǔ)法九小升初小練筆一、說明下列句中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義。 (A.能力；B.許

39、可；C.猜測(cè))。()l.” Yfoust write more neatly, “ said the teacher.()2. He' s not in the office.Hemust havegoneto the meeting.()3. Visitors mustn ' move and touch theexhibits.()4. The girl can play the violin very well.()5.Can I smoke here?二、完成對(duì)話，每空一詞.A: Lily, would you like something to drink?B: Ye

40、s, I ' m thirsty now.A: What?B: I ' a cup of tea, please.A: Would you like?B: No, thank you. I ' m not hungry. you? Do you want something to eat?A: Yes, I ' m hungry now. I ' d like some cakes.C: How cakes would you like?A: Four cakes, please. And a bottle of apple juice.C: Anyth

41、ing else?A: No, that ' s all.C: Here you are.語(yǔ)法十現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真讀背以下句子，感受其句意！Have you been to the cinema?I've already （已經(jīng)）seen it. I saw it last year.I've never（從不） been there. Have you ever （曾經(jīng)） been there?Have your mechanics finished yet （已經(jīng)） ？Have you met Mrs. Jones yet? Yes， I have.When did

42、you meet her? I met her two weeks ago.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)含義：1）表示過去發(fā)生在過去，并且已經(jīng)結(jié)束，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。She has lost her books 她丟失了她的書.（表示到目前為止還沒有找到）2）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在I have lived in Beijing for three years. （強(qiáng)調(diào)live in Guangzhou 這個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去開始持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在 ）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：（一）肯定式主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞have has 過去分詞其它I've just copied all the new words 我剛抄寫了所有的生

43、詞。（表示不要再抄了）（二）否定式主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞 have / has + not +過去分詞+其它I haven't finished my homework yet 我還沒有完成我的作業(yè)。（三）一般疑問式助動(dòng)詞 Have Has 主語(yǔ)過去分詞其它？Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾經(jīng)做過餃子嗎？Yes ， I have 是的，我做過?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞：already ,yet , since , so far（ 到目前為止） ， up to now（ 到目前為止）in the past /last years 在過去的幾年中it is the first

44、/secondtime: It is my first time I have been here.一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，那么這兩種時(shí)態(tài)有什么區(qū)別呢？一般過去時(shí)與具體的表示過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如：yesterday 連用；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過去發(fā)生，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與自已的特征詞連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或過去開始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。He saw the film last night. （ 過去時(shí)，表示他昨晚看過那部電影了，現(xiàn)在不知還要不要再看一次 ）He has （ever） seen the film before.（ 現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí)，表時(shí)他已看過那部電影，

45、現(xiàn)在不想再看了）語(yǔ)法十小升初小練筆()1 Who is Mary ？ ？ I saw you talking with her at the meeting A Don't you meet her yetB Didn't you met her yetC Haven't you met her yet D Hadn't you met her yet()2 How do you like Beijing ， Mr Black ？ Oh ， I such a beautiful city A don't visitB didn't visitC

46、haven't visitedD hadn't visited()3 The old people lonely at all since we began to visit them once a weekA don't feelB hasn't feltC haven't feltD.didn t feel() 4 We have lived here five years ago A whenB sinceC beforeD after1 He has already finished his homework (改為否定句)He finished

47、 his homework 2 They have found the lost books already (改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答)they the lost books ？ No， they3 Julia has not got home from school yet (改為肯定句)Julia home from school 語(yǔ)法十一1 .have 與 have got 的用法相同點(diǎn)：均表示宥”不同點(diǎn)：have既可在正式也可在非正式場(chǎng)合用，have got非正式場(chǎng)合I have a bear. = I have got a bear.注意否定改法差異：have 否定形式 don

48、 ' have , 第三人稱 doesn't havehave got 否定形式， haven't got,第三人稱 hasn't got2 . have動(dòng)詞的多用法你能舉出什么例子呢？我們熟悉的有：have breakfast, have lunch, have supper （這里 have 指 eat）have water,have a bottle of coca, （這里 have 指 drink）have a good time, have a trip, have a bath.3.行為動(dòng)詞have用法含義：吃、喝、從事、經(jīng)歷（ eat/drink

49、/take/experience）have fun高興have a good time玩的高興have a rest休息have a bath洗澡have a swim游泳have a holiday度假have a talk談話have a look at一下have breakfast吃早餐have lunch吃午飯have supper吃晚餐have dinner吃正餐have a haircut理發(fā)have some medicine吃藥have a meeting開會(huì)have a walk散步4.have 與 have got 用法1）have 和 have got 均指宥”have

50、/has eg. It has two eggs.have got/ has got eg. It has got two eggs.2）否定形式don ' t have/doesn ' t haveIt doesn ' t have two eggs.haven ' t got/hasn ' t got It hasn ' t got two eggs.3）區(qū)別have既可以用在正式也可以在非正式場(chǎng)合使用；have got主要用于口語(yǔ)等非正式場(chǎng)合下語(yǔ)法十一小升初小練筆Story Time （用have/have got的正確形式填空，趕緊練習(xí)一

51、下哦）：Star a pet, that is, Garfield. Garfield many bad habbits.He gets up very late and a lot of meat every day. He a large bed,so he has to sleep on the floor every night. What about you?you a lovely pet?語(yǔ)法十二直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)1、直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用他人的原話He says, “ I have just arrived in Scotland.”2、間接引語(yǔ)：間接轉(zhuǎn)述他人的原話He says

52、that he has just arrived in Scotland.3、直接引用變成間接引語(yǔ)A.變符號(hào)：把逗號(hào)和引號(hào)變成thatB 變?nèi)朔Q：一主二賓三不變（第一人稱和主句主語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)，第二人稱和主句賓語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)，第三人稱不用變）C.變時(shí)態(tài)：主現(xiàn)從隨便（主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句隨著間接引用可以為任意時(shí)態(tài)）e.g. I think that you were right.主過從也過（主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句需要變成過去的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)）e.g. He said that he is right. （ X）He said that he was right.真理永一現(xiàn)（如果從句描述的是真理，真理永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

53、）e.g. He said that the light travels faster than the sound.一 . 動(dòng)詞：（表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等。）1.記住以下常見系動(dòng)詞appearbebecomefallfeelgetgogrowkeeplookproveremainrestrunseemsmellsoundstaytasterurn2 .記住以下常見助動(dòng)詞behavedowillsouldshall3 .記住以下常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞cancouldmaymightmustought4 .記住以下常見半情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needdarebe able tohave(got)tohad better(best)語(yǔ)法