小升初語(yǔ)法名詞

1、1、 名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es， 如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾，直接加s，如：boy - boys ，day - days4. 以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5. 以o結(jié)尾的單

2、詞： 有生命的+es , 無(wú)生命+s 如：potato-potatoes ； hero-heroes；mango-mangoes photo-photos ; radio - radios ; video - videos6. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men woman-women policeman-policemenmouse-mice child-children foot-feettooth-teeth 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 fish-fish people-people Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese deer deer sheep-sheep二、名詞所有格的

3、構(gòu)成法（誰(shuí)的什么東西） 1. 主要是在詞尾加 s 構(gòu)成。如: This is Toms desk . 這是湯姆的書(shū)桌。 That is Mikes book. 那是邁克的書(shū)。 2. 如果原名詞已經(jīng)有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s ,則僅加一個(gè) . 如:the teachers reading room 教師（的）閱覽室the pupils pencil-boxes 學(xué)生們的文具盒3. 如果原詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但不是以s 結(jié)尾， 變?yōu)樗懈裥问叫柙诤竺婕由蟬 。如： the childrens palace 少年宮 mens room 男廁所 *名詞所有格口訣：名詞所有格，s前面加一撇，復(fù)數(shù)s放在尾，后加一撇就完結(jié)，兩

4、人共有算一個(gè)，后面只加一個(gè)撇。名詞練習(xí)題一、 寫(xiě)出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式puter _ 2.apple _ 3.city _4.house_ 5.sheep_ 6.watch _7.tomato _ 8.child _ 9.tooth _10.foot _ 11.wife_ 12.potato _13.play _ 14.day _ 15.glass _16.radio _ 17.zoo _ 18. life _19. story _ 20.leaf _ 21. baby _22.dress _ 23.butterfly _ 24. deer _25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.k

5、ey _28. English _29.mouse _ 30. man _二、漢譯英1Tom的足球 _ 2. 老師們的自行車(chē)_3學(xué)生們的課桌 _ 4.哥哥的文具盒_5姑姑的卡片 _ 6.猴子們的香蕉_7螞蟻們的早餐 _ 8.媽媽的包_9姐姐的連衣裙_ 10女孩們的蘋(píng)果_三、把下列句子翻譯成英文1這些是Peter的籃球嗎？ _2這個(gè)是老師的鋼筆嗎？ _3有一些書(shū)在Sam的課桌上。_4有一些孩子們?cè)诮淌依铩四、改錯(cuò) （圈出錯(cuò)處,在橫線上改正過(guò)來(lái)）1.There are some butterflys on the table. _2.This is Alice dress. _3.I like

6、tomato very much. _五、將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1This dog is brown._2. There is a book and a pen on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._ 能力測(cè)試卷 （名詞）一、 將下列名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. plane tree lesson month apple shirt 2. box bus brush watch class fox 3. knife life leaf Wife thief 4. day boy monkey baby country story 5. photo rad

7、io piano tomato hero 6. child tooth man sheep English Chinese 二、判斷正誤，并改正錯(cuò)句，正確的打“ ”1The house is my brother. _2. He has visited many country. _3. They are Englishs. _4. This is Tom red bike. _三、選擇填空1There are two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman2.The old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B.

8、two teeth3. _ are sold in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. Johns B. John 5. Can you give me _?A. some papers B. a piece of paper6.There are _ on the floor.A. some box B. some boxes四、將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1This sheep is white _2. There is a desk and a

9、chair in the room._3.That man is a doctor. _二、冠詞 冠詞分不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。 a或an是不定冠詞，the是定冠詞。a用在輔音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book.1. 不定冠詞（a,an）指人或事物的某一種類(lèi)，表示“一個(gè)”，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量。She is a teacher. Thats an orange. 2. 定冠詞 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指說(shuō)話人與聽(tīng)話人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到過(guò)的人和事。This is a

10、 bus. The bus is big.3. 不用冠詞的情況：1） 專(zhuān)有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞前一般不用冠詞。如， Chinese, English, Jim等。2） 名詞前已經(jīng)有this, that, my, your等詞時(shí)，就不再用冠詞了。如，that mouse (那只老鼠) 3) 一些固定詞組前不用定冠詞。如， at home 在家 go to school 去上學(xué)*定冠詞the的用法記憶口訣：特指、重提和唯一，島嶼、海峽和海灣；海洋、黨派、最高級(jí)，沙漠、河流與群山；方位、順序和樂(lè)器，年代、團(tuán)體與機(jī)關(guān)；船名、建筑和組織，會(huì)議、條約與報(bào)刊；姓氏復(fù)數(shù)、國(guó)全名，記住定冠the加在前。*零

11、冠詞用法口訣：月份、星期、節(jié)假洲，呼語(yǔ)、頭銜職務(wù)前；三餐、球類(lèi)、慣用語(yǔ)，學(xué)科、棋類(lèi)名詞前。冠詞和數(shù)詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、在空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~，不需要的填“/”。1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3) go to _school 4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time6) _red apple 7)_ English book 8) _ spoon 9)_ orange 10) _melon 11) _ eraser二、選擇填空1.There is _ “m” in the word “primary”A. an B.a C.the D./2.

12、This is _ orange bike .A.a B.an C.the D/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper .A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world .A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening .A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.Hes standing

13、 on _ other side of _ river .A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit .A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come .A.The B.a C.the D./9.Do you see _ book on _ table ?A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of

14、 the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine .A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm .A.a B.an C.the D./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 .A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , /

15、, the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.a B.an C.the D/ 小升初語(yǔ)法之疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句是用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題的，疑問(wèn)句又包括：一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、反義疑問(wèn)句和選擇疑問(wèn)句。一、一般疑問(wèn)句：1.一般疑問(wèn)句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no來(lái)回答。2.一般疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can, may, must）+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞（或be）?助動(dòng)詞(do, does)+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞？助動(dòng)詞（shall, will, have, has）+主語(yǔ)+

16、行為動(dòng)詞（或be）?3.變一般疑問(wèn)句的方法：（一調(diào)，二變，三問(wèn)號(hào)）Be動(dòng)詞型一般疑問(wèn)句：原句問(wèn)句回答I am a girl.Are you a girl ?Yes,I am / No, Im notShe is my friend.Is she your friend ?Yes, she is / No, she isntHe is a student.Is he a student ?Yes, he is / No, he isntWe are home.Are you home ?Yes, we are / No, we arentThis is my book.Is this your

17、book ?Yes, it is / No, it isntThey are good friends.Are they your good friends ?Yes, they are / No, they arent情態(tài)動(dòng)詞型一般疑問(wèn)句：原句問(wèn)句回答I can draw.Can you draw ?Yes,I can / No, I cant.She can swim.Can she swim ?Yes, she can / No, she cantHe can ride a bike.Can he ride a bike ?Yes, he can / No, he cantWe will

18、 get there.Will you get here ?Yes, we will / No, we wontIt can talk.Can it talk ?Yes, it can / No , it cant助動(dòng)詞型一般疑問(wèn)句：原句問(wèn)句回答I like swimming.Do you like swimming ?Yes,I do / No, I dontShe dances well.Does she dance well ?Yes, she does/No,she doesntHe has a sister.Does he have a sister ?Yes, he does /

19、No, he doesntWe cook dinner.Do you cook dinner?Yes, we do / No, we dontIt works well.Does it work ?Yes, it does / No, it doesntThey become good friendsDo they become good friends?Yes, they do / No, they dont其它在句中要變換的詞有someany, amare二、特殊疑問(wèn)句：以疑問(wèn)代詞what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, how, wh

20、y 放在句首提問(wèn)的句子叫做特殊疑問(wèn)句，答語(yǔ)只要針對(duì)問(wèn)句中的疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞來(lái)回答，不用yes 或no。1.疑問(wèn)詞 + 一般疑問(wèn)句 （疑問(wèn)詞作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)）。What do you want? 你要什么？When do you have English class? 你們什么時(shí)候有英語(yǔ)課？Whose coat is this? 這是誰(shuí)的大衣？How did he know it? 他是怎么知道它的？Why did you say this? 你為什么要這么說(shuō)？Which is your umbrella? 哪個(gè)是你的雨傘？Where were these buses made? 這些

21、巴士是哪兒制造的？2.疑問(wèn)代詞作主語(yǔ)或作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，詞序與陳述句相同：疑問(wèn)代詞 （+名詞）+謂語(yǔ)。Who teaches your brother Japanese? 誰(shuí)教你弟弟日語(yǔ)？What is in the box on the table? 桌上那個(gè)盒子里裝的是什么？Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你們班里誰(shuí)的書(shū)法最好？*疑問(wèn)代詞：who: 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、用來(lái)提問(wèn)表示“人”的各種成分。 whose: 用來(lái)提問(wèn)“誰(shuí)的”。 which: 用來(lái)提問(wèn)“哪一個(gè)/位”。 what: 提問(wèn)表示“干什么”等意思*疑問(wèn)副詞：when: 提問(wèn)

22、在何時(shí)。 where: 提問(wèn)在何地 why: 提問(wèn)表示原因的短語(yǔ)或句子 how: 提問(wèn)表示程度或方式的副詞或短語(yǔ)*由疑問(wèn)詞how 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句how old (表示年齡)多大了, how long（表示時(shí)間或物體的長(zhǎng)短）有多長(zhǎng) , how many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示多少 , how much + 不可數(shù)名詞 表示多少 , how far （表示距離）多遠(yuǎn)疑問(wèn)句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)按要求改寫(xiě)句子，每空格限填一詞。1. Its a large room.(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)_ _ large rooms.2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.(改為

23、否定句)He _ _ to buy a dictionary for his daughter.3. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改為否定句)Uncle Wang _ _ making things.4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改寫(xiě)為一般疑問(wèn)句)_ Ann _ the book to the library yesterday?.5. The hospital is about 300 meters away. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ is the hospital ?6.The

24、re are fifty-two students in our class. (就劃線部分提問(wèn))_ _ students are there in your class?7.I write to my mother once a week. (就劃線部分提問(wèn))_ _ do you write to your mother ?8.He has three pens. (就劃線部分提問(wèn))_ _ pens does he have ?9.She is ten years old. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ is she?10. They have a class meeting every other week. (改為否定句) They _ _ a