虛擬語氣 (2)

1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣The Subjunctive Mood什么是虛擬語氣 在英語中凡表達與事實不符的假定、想象、愿望等時，一定要把動詞的慣常用法加以改變，這種特殊的動詞使用法，叫做“虛擬語氣” 比較 1. I have a car. (指現(xiàn)在有) 2. I had a car. （指過去有） 3. I wish I had a car. （但愿我有一部車）1.If he were rich, he would buy the house.2.If I had time, I would study French .3.If I could fly, I would fly in the sky

2、.注意：Be動詞，不論人稱，一律用were 二二 虛擬語氣動詞使用的原則虛擬語氣動詞使用的原則與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)連詞 條件從句 主句If were 主語+ 過去式V 過去式 助動詞+原形V should主語+ would +動 詞原V could might1.If he had studied hard, he could have won the scholarship.2.If I had had enough time, I would have gone with you.注意：雖然在If從句中，動詞用had + p.p. ，但其結(jié)果和“現(xiàn)在”有關(guān)時，主句動詞用

3、would (should ,could ,might )+原形V. If I had taken the doctors advice then, I should not be ill now. If I had studied hard before, I would be a college student now. 此句型的主句通常和now, today等詞連用。與過去事實相反的假設(shè)與過去事實相反的假設(shè)連詞 條件從句 主句 If主語+ had done. should主語 + would +have done. could might 1.If the teacher asked m

4、e to solve the problem next time, I could try my best.2.If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.3.If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should 在此處常解釋為“萬一”。與將來事實相反的假設(shè)與將來事實相反的假設(shè) 連詞 條件從句 主句 If 過去式V主語+ were to+原形V should +原形V should主語 + would + 原形V could might 虛擬語氣

5、的其他形式虛擬語氣的其他形式 句型一 倒裝1.If I were young, I would learn to ski. = Were I young, I -2.If I had been there, I would have helped you. = Had I been there, I -3. If it should rain, they would not come. = Should it rain, they - 條件從句中的if被省略，從句中的動詞被移到主語之前。 句型二 wish 從句中表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望。 I wish (that) I were rich. I

6、 wish I could speak English. I wish I knew his telephone number. 從句中表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望。 I wish I had been in Hongkong last year. We wish he had not lost it yesterday. If only 要是- 就好了，意思和WISH 差不多。 If only he were here! If only I knew his telephone number! 句型三 as if /as though He talks as if he were a doctor

7、. (表示與現(xiàn)在事實不符) He talks as if he had known the news yesterday. (表示與過去事實不符) 如果表示很有可能發(fā)生的事時，也可以用一般的時態(tài)，如： It looks as if it is going to rain. 句型四 該-的時候了 1. It is time we went home . =It is time we should go home. =It is time for us to go home. It is (high, about) time that he retired. (high, about為加強語氣用，

8、和that一樣，常省略) 2. would rather sb. did sth. 句型五 要不是因為- 與現(xiàn)在事實相反。 But for = Without = If it were not for +名詞= But that +主語+現(xiàn)在分詞， 主語+would (should, could, might)+動詞原形 But for your help, I would fail. Without your help, I - If it were not for your help, I - But that you help me, I - 與過去事實相反。 But for = Wit

9、hout =If it had not been for+名詞= But that +主語+過去式動詞，主語+would (should, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成式have +done But for (Without) your timely arrival, she would have been drowned. =If it had not been for your timely arrival, she - =But that you arrived timely, she - =She would have been drowned if you had not a

10、rrived in time 句型六 建議，要求，堅持，命令 主語+ suggest +that +主語 +should+動詞原形(be done) The doctor suggested that he (should) stop smoking. The boy made the suggestion that he (should) go to the lake alone. 此句型用于表示建議，要求，堅持，命令等的動詞和名詞含意的句中。 建議 Suggest, recommend 要求 Ask, demand, require, request 堅持Insist , urge, 命令

11、Order, command 注意Suggest和Insist的用法特殊。Suggest表示建議，Insist表示堅持認為某人該如何做時，用該句型。 如果Suggest表示“表明和說”， Insist表示堅持一種事實和經(jīng)驗時，要用賓語從句的句型。 句型七 It is necessary (important, natural, urgent, essential, proper-) that +主語+should do (be done) Is it necessary that he should take the examination.? 另一種表示情緒方面的主觀看法，其后所接從句也用should，有“居然，竟然”意思。 It