胡壯麟語言學(xué)習(xí)題集——綜合

1、第一部分選擇題1、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe_.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Ofallthespeechorgans,the_is/arethemostflexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocalcords

2、3、Themorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isa(n)_A、boundmorphemeB、boundformC、inflectionalmorphemeD、freemorpheme4、A_intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator5、"CanIborrowyourbike"

3、;_"Youhaveabike."A、issynonymouswithB、isinconsistentwithC、entailsD、presupposes6、Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled_.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchan

4、ges,whichare_orgeneralization.A、elaborationB、simplificationC、externalborrowingD、internalborrowing8、_referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.A、LinguafrancaB、CreoleC、PidginD、Standardlanguage9、Psychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshaveco

5、ncludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,_.A、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrusB、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortexC、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneuronsD、Bro

6、ca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sarea10、AccordingtoKrashen,_referstothegradualandsubconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非選擇題II. Directions:Fillintheblank(1%x10=10%)11、Chomskydef

7、ines"competence"astheidealuser'skoftherulesofhislanguage.12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,theyareallb.13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.14、Asisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwor

8、dstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledcsynonyms.16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakertosomething'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevoc

9、abularyisknownaswordc.the's),18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction(he+isBlackEnglishcandtheformof"be".19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthecperiodforfirstlanguageacquisition.20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin1

10、2learning,iisaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.III. Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.(2%x10=20%)()21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmore

11、emphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.()22、VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.()23、Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.()24、Syntacticcategories

12、refertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.()25、DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.()26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehear

13、erknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.()27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesaremainlyspokentodayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.()28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechsituationsknownasdomains.()29、Accordingtothestrongversionofth

14、eSapir-Whorfhypothesis,speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.()30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.IV. Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%x10=30%)31、duality32、diachroniclinguistics33、broadtranscription34

15、、morphologicalrules35、phrasestructurerule36、relationalopposites37、componentialanalysis38、context39、euphemism40、brainlateralizationV.Answerthefollowingquestions.（10%X2=20%）41、Explainhowtheinventoryofsoundscanchange,givingsomeexamplesinEnglishforillustration.42、Brieflydiscusstheindividualfactorswhicha

16、ffecttheacquisitionofasecondlanguage.語言學(xué)試題參考答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（本大題共10小題，每小題2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A10、D二、填空題（本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判斷改錯(cuò)題（本大題共10小題，每小題2分，共20分）21、FActuallymodernl

17、inguisticslaysmoreemphasisonthespokenformoflanguagethanthewrittenformforanumberofreasons.22、FVoicingdistinguishesmeaninginEnglishbutnotinChinese.23、FThemeaningofsomecompoundwordshasnothingtodowiththesumtotalofthemeaningsoftheircomponents,suchasthecompound"redcoat".24、FApartfromSandC,theyal

18、sorefertoaword,oraphrasethatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction.25、FDialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundnotonlyindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutalsowithinthevarietyitself.Forexample,withinBritishEnglish,"girl"iscalled"lassie"inScottishdialect,and

19、"liquor"iscalled"whishey"inIrishdialect.26、T27、T28、FTheyhaveafairlyclearfairlyclearfunctionaldifferentiation,.onelanguagemaybeusedinsomedomains,otherlanguageinotherdomains.29、FThetruestatementis"AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,languagedeterminesspeakers

20、'perceptionsandpatternstheirwayoflife"30、T四、名詞解釋題（本大題共10小題，每小題3分，共30分）31、Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humanlanguageconsistsoftwolevels.Atthelowerlevel,therearealimitednumberofsoundswhicharemeaninglesswhileatthehigherlevelthereareanunlimitednumberofcombinationsofthesesounds.I

21、tisalsoknownasdoublearticulation.32、Linguisticsthatstudieslanguageoveraperiodoftime,alsoknownashistoricallinguistics,studyoftheChineselanguagesincetheendoftheQingdynastyuptothepresent.33、Awaytotranscribespeechsounds.Thebasicprincipleistouseonelettertoindicateonesound.Itisgenerallyusedindictionariesa

22、ndlanguageteachingtextbooks.34、Therulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewword,canbeaddedtoanountoformanadjective.35、arewriterulethatallowsforthepossiblecombinationsofwordstoformphrasesandsentences36、Relationalopposites,akindofantonyms,refertopairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalof

23、arelationshipbetweenthetwoitems.Forexample,"husband"and"wife","father"and"son"etc.37、Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.Theapproachisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calle

24、dsemanticfeatures.Forexample,theword"man"isanalyzedascomprisingof+HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Contextisregardedasconstitutedbyallkindsofknowledgeassumedtobesharedbythespeakerandthehearer,Forexample,theknowledgeofthelanguageusedandtheknowledgeoftheworld,includingthegeneralknowledgeaboutt

25、heworldandthespecificknowledgeaboutthesituationinwhichlinguisticcommunicationistakingplace.39、Aeuphemismisamild,indirectorlessoffensivewordorexpressionthatreplacesataboowordorservestoavoidmoredirectwordingthatmightbeharsh,unpleasantlydirect,oroffensive,."passaway"for"die".40、Brai

26、nlateralizationreferstothelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrain.Forexample,therighthemisphereprocessesstimulimoreholisticallyandthelefthemispheremoreanalytically.Inmostpeople,thelefthemispherehasprimaryresponsibilityforlanguage,whiletherighthemispherecontrols

27、visualandspatialskills.五、論述題(本大題共2小題，每小題10分，共20分)41、Theinventoryofsoundscanchange,andsoundchangesincludechangesinvowelsounds,soundloss,soundaddition,andsoundmovement.1) Vowelsoundchange:Englishhasundergonethesystematicandregularchangeinthevowelsounds,knownastheGreatVowelshiftwhichoccurredattheendoft

28、heMiddleEnglishperiodandwhichinvolvedsevenlong,ortensevowels.Thesechangesledtooneofthemajordiscrepanciesbetweenthephonemicrepresentationsofwordsandmorphemes,.betweenpronunciationandthespellingsystemofModernEnglish,/fi:v/(MiddleEnglish)/faiv/(ModernEnglish)2) Soundloss:Soundscanchangebythelossofphone

29、mes.InthehistoryofEnglishthevelarfricative/x/waslost.ThissoundexistedinOldEnglish,so"night"waspronouncedas/nixt/,butinModernEnglish,itspronunciationis/nait/.3) Soundaddition:Soundadditionincludesthegainorinsertionofasound.Forexample,thewordleisurewasborrowedfromFrench,sothephoneme/3/wasadd

30、edtotheinventoryofEnglishsounds.Achangethatinvolvestheinsertionofaconsonantorvowelsoundtothemiddleofawordisknownasepenthesis,4) Soundmovement:Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementknownasmetathesisinvolvesareversalinpositionoftwoadjoiningsoundsegments.Metathesisislesscommon,butitdoesexist.Insomedialect

31、sofEnglish,forexample,thewordaskispronounced/ks/.Also,bridd("bird")isanOldEnglishword.Whenmetathesisoccurredtothisword,themovementof/r/soundtotherightofthevowelsoundresultedinitsModernEnglishcounterpart"bird".評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：滿分為10分，總論及四小點(diǎn)各占2分。42、Theacquisitionofasecondlanguageisdependentonacombinationoffactors.TherateandultimatesuccessinSLAareaffectednotonlybylearners'experiencewithoptimalinputandinstruction,butalsobyindivid