巷道開挖與支護(hù)專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、巷道開挖與支護(hù)專業(yè)英語詞匯Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support1 Roadway section巷道斷面掘進(jìn) drive, tunnel, excavate平巷掘進(jìn)Drifting 巷道掘進(jìn) roadway excavation平巷掘進(jìn) n. drifting沉井，鑿井 n. sinking上山掘進(jìn) n. raising下山掘進(jìn) n. 1）The shape of roadway section斷面形狀巷道斷面形狀主要取決于地層條件、服務(wù)年限和支護(hù)材料。The shape of roadway section depends mainly on st

2、rata conditions，the serving life and supporting materials.井筒Shaft , circular大巷Main entry , arched, horseshoe 上山 rise, ladder-shaped, trapezoidal順槽Gateway , ladder-shaped, trapezoidal2）The size of roadway section斷面尺寸巷道斷面尺寸主要取決于巷道的用途。The size of roadway section depends mainly on its use.它取決于運(yùn)輸或提升設(shè)備或其它

3、設(shè)備的尺寸，還要根據(jù)通風(fēng)要求對巷道斷面尺寸加以修改。It is dependent on haulage or hoisting equipment or other devices used，and it is modified according to the ventilation requirement.凈寬，net width；凈高 net height；凈斷面面積 net section area。2 Roadway excavation in rocks巖巷掘進(jìn)炮掘，爆破掘進(jìn)：blasting excavation裝巖，除渣：mucking掘進(jìn)工藝包括主要作業(yè)和輔助作業(yè)，其中主要

4、作業(yè)包括破巖、裝巖、運(yùn)輸、支護(hù)，輔助作業(yè)包括通風(fēng)、鋪設(shè)軌道、挖掘排水溝、鋪設(shè)管線等等。The excavation technique consists of main operations including breaking, loading, haulage and support, and auxiliary work including ventilation, laying the track, digging ditches and laying pipes etc.1）Breaking 破巖打眼放炮是目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的破巖方法。Drilling and blasting is t

5、he most widely used method of rock breaking at present.（1）drillingDrill n. 鉆機(jī)氣動(dòng)輕型鉆機(jī)，風(fēng)鉆Air-jackleg 氣腿式鉆機(jī)Air-jack leg drill 架式鉆機(jī)Drifter 鉆車，鑿巖臺(tái)車 Jumbo, drill carriage濕式鉆進(jìn) Wet drilling干式鉆進(jìn) Dry drilling鉆孔 borehole（2）Blasting 爆破炸藥：Explosive裝藥：Load explosive in the borehole, charge起爆：detonateà雷管：deton

6、ator；電雷管：electric detonator炮眼布置方式：drilling pattern掏槽眼：cut hole輔助眼：auxiliary hole周邊眼：trim hole頂眼：roof hole 幫眼：flank hole底眼：Bottom hole起爆順序：firing sequenceCutàauxiliaryàroof & flankàbottomThe type of explosive used, rock properties, and method of loading and sequence of firing the h

7、oles, affect hole depth, diameter, alignment and spacing. 采用的炸藥的類型、巖石的特性、裝巖方法、各個(gè)鉆孔的起爆順序，這些都影響著鉆孔深度、直徑、排列和間距的確定。A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes.一個(gè)爆破炮眼組包括掏槽眼、輔助眼、壓眼和邊界眼。2）Excavation face ventilation 掘進(jìn)面通風(fēng)Fan 風(fēng)機(jī)Air pipe 風(fēng)筒3）loading and haulage 裝巖和運(yùn)輸鏟斗裝巖機(jī)Shovel mucker 耙斗裝巖機(jī)

8、Scraper mucker 機(jī)車礦車Locomotive wagons4）support 支護(hù)3 Roadway excavation in coals煤巷掘進(jìn)1）conventional excavation of coal drift 傳統(tǒng)的煤層平巷掘進(jìn)法Breaking is by means of drilling and blasting.手持式電鉆：handheld electric drillloading:hand loading 人工裝煤scraper mucker：耙斗裝煤機(jī)coal loader：裝煤機(jī)扒抓，蟹抓2 gathering-arms刮板輸送機(jī)：1 scrap

9、er conveyor2）綜掘 fully mechanized excavation（1）gateway machine 平巷掘進(jìn)機(jī)組成：掘進(jìn)頭，（boom） cutterhead，cutting head裝煤裝置：loading mechanism扒抓，蟹抓gathering-arm刮板輸送機(jī)：scraper conveyorhaulage：皮帶輸送機(jī)：belt stage-loader mechanism履帶行走裝置：crawler travel mechanism支撐千斤頂：supporting cylinders，用來固定機(jī)器other cylinders，control cutte

10、rhead 液控箱hydraulic control box操作：操作時(shí)，首先驅(qū)動(dòng)履帶行走裝置，使得切削頭碰到煤壁；然后，伸長導(dǎo)向千斤頂和后部千斤頂，支撐到巷道上；這樣就固定住了掘進(jìn)機(jī)。然后，切割頭在掘進(jìn)面底部的一側(cè)鉆入煤壁。操作水平擺動(dòng)千斤頂，使切割頭割到底部的另外一側(cè)，這就在掘進(jìn)面底部完成了一刀作業(yè)。操作升降千斤頂，使切割頭向上割一定距離（切割頭的直徑），然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。執(zhí)行這個(gè)循環(huán)作業(yè)，直到割完整個(gè)斷面。平巷掘進(jìn)機(jī)可以掘出任何形狀和尺寸的斷面，如圓形、馬蹄形、拱形和長方形。Gateway machine can excavate any size and shape of c

11、ross section: circular, horseshoe, arched and rectangular.（2）continuous miner 連續(xù)采煤機(jī)roof bolter 錨桿安裝機(jī)，錨桿機(jī)。The roof bolter is a rubber-tired vehicle used to drill and insert bolts into the roof to support it.錨桿機(jī)是一個(gè)用來打錨桿眼安裝錨桿來支護(hù)頂板的機(jī)器，它是用膠輪行走的。4 Roadway supporting 巷道支護(hù)永久性支護(hù)：permanent support臨時(shí)性支柱：tempor

12、ary support剛性支護(hù)：rigid support柔性支護(hù)：yieldable support主動(dòng)支護(hù)：active support被動(dòng)支護(hù)：negetive support類型：（1）木支架：timber support梯形巷道：basic form：1 beam 2 posts基本形式：一梁二柱（2）鋼支架：steel rib support梯形巷道：1 beam 2 posts，工字鋼：I-steel拱形巷道：U-steel arch yieldable supportU形剛拱形可縮型支架（3）塊石或混凝土砌碹：stone or concrete lining直墻拱形：strai

13、ght-sided arch（4）錨桿支護(hù)bolting supportEnhance the self-supporting capability of surrounding rock.提高了圍巖的自承能力。噴射混凝土：shotcreting錨噴：bolting and shotcreting錨網(wǎng)：bolting and metal mesh錨索：anchored cable錨注：bolting and injectingThe length of time the rock safely can be left unsupported will greatly effect the overall drifting-operation cycle.巖石開挖后無支護(hù)而且安全的時(shí)間長度，即拱橋作用的時(shí)間，對于整