初中英語名詞性從句精講

1、初中英語名詞性從句精講名詞性從句（這個應該不考吧）名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問詞充當連接詞所引導的從句，其功同名詞一樣。一主語從句1. 主語從句的語序主語從句要求使用陳述句語序，而非一般疑問句語序。如：What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. 使我感到驚訝的是這個小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。How he was successful is still a puzzle. 他是如何成功的仍然是個謎。2. 連接詞的選用（1）that和what的選用tha

2、t和what都可引導主語從句。what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當某些成分，可作從句的主語、賓語或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分，無詞義，只起連接詞作用。如：What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本書。That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 眾所周知，光線沿直線運行。（2）if和whether的選用引導主語從句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on th

3、e weather. 我們明天是否在戶外開晚會要看天氣而定。（3）其它連接代詞和副詞的選用根據(jù)主語從句的具體意義，正確的選擇who, which, when, where, why, how等連接詞，這些連接詞既有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時在從句中充當各種成分。如：When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我們何時舉行運動會還沒有決定。Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 還不清楚昨天誰打破了玻璃。Which car you will choose to buy makes no d

4、ifference. 你決定買哪一輛車都不會有任何區(qū)別。（4）whatever / whoever的功用whatever, whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義。它引導主語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引導的讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別。如：Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主語從句）（Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）Whoever breaks

5、 the law, he should be punished. （讓步狀語從句）（No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）3. it構成的主語從句（1）由連詞that引導的主語從句，在大多數(shù)情況下會放到句子的后面，而用代詞it作形式主語。如：It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。需要注意的是，it作形式主語代替主語從句時，要注意和as引導的定語從句的區(qū)別。試比較：It was reported that the US was un

6、der the terrorist attack. （主語從句，有that，無逗號）As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. （定語從句，無that，有逗號）上兩句意為“據(jù)報道，美國遭到恐怖分子的襲擊”。（2）常見用it作形式主語的復合句結(jié)構It is a fact （a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news）that如：Its a pity that you missed the film. 你沒有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。 It is necessary

7、（clear / true / strange/ important /wonderful / possible / likely）that需要注意的是，這類主語從句中，謂語動詞很多為“（should）動詞原形”，即要用虛擬語氣。如：It is necessary that you （should）master the computer. 你很有必要掌握電腦。It is important that a student learn English well. 學生學好英語很重要。Its clear that they badly need help. 很明顯，他們急需援助。It is like

8、ly that a hurricane will arrive soon. 颶風很可能馬上就要到達了。It is reported （well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered）that如：It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 據(jù)說他在地震中喪生了。It seems （happened / appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference / ）that 如：It see

9、ms that they will win the game. 看起來他們好像會贏得這場比賽。It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否會參加會議都無關緊要。4. 必背用形式主語it引導的主語從句相當多，有些已形成固定的語法和譯法。常見的有：It is said that. 據(jù)說 It is reported that. 據(jù)報導 It is well known that. 眾所周知 It is announced that. 據(jù)宣布 It is believed that. 人們相信 It is

10、thought that. 人們認為 It is understood that. 自不待言 It must be pointed out that. 必須指出 It must be admitted that. 必須承認5. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不認識你。I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。注意：若謂語動詞為hope,賓

11、語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.看來他們不知道往哪去。It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。3) 有時將動名詞，介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動詞的否定。I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我記得從未見過這樣一個人。 (not否定動名詞短語

12、 having)Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在這里，人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語，從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動詞前。The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定狀語)螞蟻不只是為自己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.

13、 (否定because狀語) 他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何，就輕信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定狀語many weeks)她結(jié)婚還不到幾個月，這個人的弟弟就看見她了，并對她的美貌著了迷。6. 典型例題主語從句是中學階段的重點語法項目，也是高考的熱點之一。為使同學們更好地掌握其用法，本文結(jié)合高考試題，對主語從句的考查熱點進行梳理，以便幫助大家明確其命題特點，掌握答題技巧。一、恰當選用連詞 1. 考查連詞th

14、at, whether, what等。that引導主語從句時,只起連接句子的作用,本身沒有詞義,在從句中也不作句子成分,但通常不能省略。例如: That the college will take in more new students this year is true. 今年這所大學將招收更多新生是真的。 whether引導主語從句時,表示主語從句意義的不確定性,在從句中不作句子成分,但有詞義,作是否解。例如: Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 他是否能按時完成任務非常重要。一般說來,已經(jīng)確定的事

15、情常由that引導,沒有決定的事情常由whether引導。what引導主語從句時,意為.的事物,相當于the thing(s) that。原題再現(xiàn) _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 答案: C B 2.考查whatev

16、er, whoever, whichever, whomever等。這些詞在從句中不含疑問意義,它們引導主語從句時,whoever=the person who或anyone who;whatever=anything that;whichever意為無論哪一個。原題再現(xiàn) _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 答案: C 3. 考查where, when, how, why, wherever以及how many / how much / ho

17、w far / how long / how soon等。這些詞本身有詞義,并在從句中作狀語。例如: How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他們將怎樣解決這個嚴重問題還沒有決定。Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 我們在哪兒可以查到他的地址還是個難題。Why he did that wasnt quite clear. 他為什么做那件事還不十分清楚。How much water is flowing can be easily measur

18、ed. 有多少水在流動很容易就能測出來。二、it用來作形式主語在某些情況下,可以由it作形式主語,而把真正的主語從句移到句子后面。1. 謂語是seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be ones hope, be likely等詞或短語時。原題再現(xiàn) The Foreign Minister said, _ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 答案: D 2. 用于It is su

19、ggested / required / ordered / demanded that.句型中,動詞為表示命令、建議、要求等意義的詞。主語從句應使用虛擬語氣,謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形,should可以省略。例如: It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. 你應該花更多的時間學習英語。3. 用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中,主語從句應使用虛擬語氣,謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形的形式,sh

20、ould有時有感情色彩。例如: 原題再現(xiàn)It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master答案: B二賓語從句（見此前傳的）三表語從句一、表語從句的定義：表語從句放在連系動詞之后，充當復合句中的表語。二、表語從句的構成：關聯(lián)詞+簡單句三、引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞的種類： 1. 可接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。China is no longer wh

21、at she used to be. 今日的中國不再是過去的中國了。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 問題還是他們能否幫我們。 At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word. 當時，我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當?shù)淖盅蹃怼?. 從屬連詞whether, as, as if / though引導的表語從句He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。 It

22、sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 聽起來好像有人在敲門。3. because, why引導的表語從句Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因為他沒有理解我。(Thats because.強調(diào)原因) Thats why he got angry with me. 那正是他對我生氣的原因。(Thats why.強調(diào)結(jié)果) what引導的主語從句表示結(jié)果或名詞reason作主語時，后面的表語從句表示原因時要用that引導，不宜用because。 The reason why I was sad was

23、 that he didnt understand me. 我難過的原因是他沒有理解我。4. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如： The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。 The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the at

24、tic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。5. 從屬連詞that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。6. 使用虛擬語氣的表語從句在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動詞需用should+動詞原形 表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。 四、應注意的問題：1. 連系動

25、詞be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟表語從句。It was because he didnt pass the exam. 那是因為他沒有通過考試。It seems（that）he was late for the train. 看來他沒搭上火車。It appears that she was wrong. 看來她錯了。It seems to me that we should answer for this. 在我看來，我們似乎應該對此事負責。It appears to her that he wants to teach us all he has. 在她看來，他似乎要把他

26、所會的都教給我們。2. 引導表語從句的引導詞有以下幾類。1）wh-疑問詞My question is who left. 我想問的是誰離開了。What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何時離開的。Thats what he wants. 那是他想要的。This is where they once lived. 這就是他們曾經(jīng)住過的地方。That is why he didnt come here. 這就是他為何沒到這兒來的原因。2）whetherMy question is whether he left（or not）. 我的問題是他是否離開了。注：if不能

27、引導表語從句。3）thatThe fact is that he left. 事實是他離開了。注：引導表語從句的連詞that間或可以省略。The truth is（that）I didnt go there. 事實是我沒去那兒。4）because，as，as if，as though Its just because he doesnt know her. 這是僅僅因為他不認識她。Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不總是如其表象。He looks as if hes tired. 他好像累了。考題1The traditional view

28、 is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海) A. when B. why C. whether D. that 答案 D 解析 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句， 如果看不出它是充當整個句子結(jié)構的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思。因此， 應選擇可引導名詞性從句且不充當任何成分的that。 考題2You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (2004) A. why B. whe

29、re C. what D. how 答案 B 解析 下劃線處的引導詞引導系動詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語(“disagree”屬于不及物動詞， “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構)， 下劃線應填入引導詞where， 表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”。 考題3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off (1999) A. why B. when C. what D. where 答案 A 解析 下劃線

30、處的引導詞引導與系動詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當原因狀語， 下劃線應填入表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導詞why。 考題4_ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海) A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 答案 A 解析 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當賓語， 特指她所不理解的事情， 應填入關系代詞型的引導詞what； 第二個

31、下劃線處表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的后果， 由why引導對應的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么”(指原因、 理由， 由because引導對應的名詞性從句)， 應填入引導詞why。 考題5_ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春) A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because 答案 B 解析 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當主

32、語， 特指令校方驕傲的事情， 應選用關系代詞型的引導詞what； 第二個下劃線處引導表語從句表示原因、 理由， 應由that引導對應的名詞性從句。 考題6 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game Oh, thats _. (2003北京春) A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 答案 A 解析 A選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”； B選項的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事

33、物”； C選項的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”； D選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的時間”。四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應， 充當表語從句。四同位語從句 在復合句中充當同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句）中的主要從句之一，也是中學英語學習中的重點語法知識點之一。在使用同位語從句時，應注意以下五個方面： 一、同位語從句在句中的位置 1. 一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞（如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等）的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達的具體內(nèi)容。例如： The new

34、s that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我從王先生那邊得知一個消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。 2. 有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。例如：The thought came to her th

35、at maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關上。 The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 據(jù)說他高考又落榜了。 二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞（word除外）加以修飾。例如：Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪兒聽說我不能來Give me your promise that

36、you will come to our party this evening. 答應我，你今天晚上要來參加我們的晚會。Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15, 2003. 消息傳來，中國于2003年10月15日首次成功發(fā)射了載人飛船。三、同位語從句連接詞的選用在英語中，引導同位語從句的詞通常有連詞（that, who, whether），連接副詞（how, when, where）等。例如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you

37、were sick. 對你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。The question who should do the work requires consideration. 誰該做這項工作，這個問題需要考慮。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 我們還沒有決定到什么地方去度暑假。注：在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接；在no doubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。例如：We have some doubt whether they

38、 can complete the task on time. 我們懷疑他們是否能準時完成任務。There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我們相信張衛(wèi)會守信的。同位語從句：that有些名詞的后面可以接that引導的同位語從句：We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我們做出決定：我們必須立即行動。He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone. 他提議會議延期。There was little hope that he

39、 would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。 以下名詞常用于以上句型： advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, s

40、uggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word同位語從句：whetherwhether可以引導同位語從句，而定語從句不能用whether作為引導詞。He hasnt made the decision whether he will go there. 他還沒有做出決定是否去那里。 I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否適合這件工作我有點懷疑。同位語從句：what what可以引導同位語從句，而定語從句不能用what作為引導詞 I have no idea what he

41、 is doing now. 我不知道他現(xiàn)在在干什么。同位語從句：how how可以引導同位語從句，而定語從句不能用how作為引導詞Its a question how he did it. 那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。同位語從句：who等 who, whom, which, when, where, why用來引導同位語從句The question who should do the work requires consideration. 誰該干這項工作，這個問題需要考慮。She raised the question where we could get the fund. 她提出這個

42、問題：我們到哪兒去搞這筆資金。四、同位語從句的語氣在suggestion, advice, request, order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構，句中的should可以省略。例如： Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer. 老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule (should) be adopted. 采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來的。 The government gave the order tha