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1、學習必備歡迎下載英語常用介詞介詞的分類和應用英語介詞雖是小詞,數(shù)量也不多,但它靈活多變,隨處可見,功能強大而且難于掌握。在現(xiàn)代英語中,介詞的地位非常重要。我們切不可小看這個小角色,不可忽視它的作用。如果你能在英語介詞上下一番功夫,那么你的英語水平會有一個飛躍提高。英語介詞分類 :按構成形式分 (5 類 ):1簡單介詞如:in ,at ,on,by,with ,down,for ,beside ,along ,across等。2分詞介詞 (在英語中有一部分動詞的ing 形式具備介詞的性質(zhì),在很多情況下將他們視為介詞 )如: including, during , following,consid

2、ering,regarding關于, speaking , judging ,talking等。3. 雙重介詞如: from behind從后面 until after直到之后 fromamong從中間4.合成介詞如: inside , outside ,onto ,into ,within5短語介詞如: out of ,apart from (除之外:別無、尚有),because of ,by means of 用、依靠等A. 介詞短語的詞性-形容詞1) 常用于做 定語的介詞短語的介詞of: a childof sixwith: a manwith a suitcasein: a girli

3、n redto: the keyto the doorfor: a warfor money學習必備歡迎下載about: an agreementabout trade2) 常用于做 表語的介詞短語的介詞at: She wasat a loss.beyond ;The road isbeyond the hillin: He s stillin danger.of: It s of no value.on: He ison guard. 值班out of: I m out of job.under: He s under forty.3) 用于做賓語補足語:I saw GeorgeA cold

4、 kept himat work . in bedfor 7 days.B. 介詞短語的詞性副詞1)做狀語,主要用于修飾謂語:He has been heresince Monday .Bake it isfor two hours.2) 用于 be+adj. 結構:She is afraid ofsnakes.I m sorry aboutthat.3) 修飾非謂語動詞:I asked to speakto the headmaster.介詞 - 短語動詞中的關鍵角色含有介詞的短語動詞1. v.+ prep : agree with/to/on/in,answer for,ask for,c

5、ome across,go after, live on, run into, head for, look for/after/at等。2. v.+ adv. + prep:come up to達到 , go in for從事、愛好 , run outof, 用光 do away with廢除 , keep up with, make up for, put up with等按表達意義分 (3 類 ):1. 時間介詞 ,如: at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。2. 地點介詞 , 如: at, on, in,across,to,over,

6、between, inside,outside等。3. 其它介詞 ,如: by, with, about, except, instead of, due to,學習必備歡迎下載apart from等。(一)表示時間的介詞:1 at, on, in(1) at表示具體“在某一時刻、某一時點”或者把某一短時間看做某一時刻at 5:30在 5:30 at sunrise日出時at night 夜間at noon正午時at midnight在半夜at lunch午飯時 at breakfast在吃早飯時at first首先at the beginning( of )在開始時at last最后at t

7、he end(of ) 最后at the moment當時 at present目前at that time在那時 at Christmas在圣誕節(jié)at the age of在歲時(2) on 表示“在具體某一天或某天的上、下午、早上、晚上”on Monday 在星期一on April 1st (on April the firston Monday morningon the weekend在周末on the following day第二天on the following day evening)在四月一日第二天晚上on New Year s Day在元旦on school days在校期

8、間on schools day在校慶日on a rainy day在雨天on a cold day在寒冷的一天泛指上、下午、晚上、夜間時用in the morning/afternoon/evening, atnight ;但若指具體某一天的上述時段時,則一律用on。如: On the afternoon of May 23.在五月二十三日下午。I heard a shot on the morning of March 18.三月十八日早晨我聽到一聲槍響。(3) in 表示【泛指的上、下午、晚上】 【在某月、季節(jié)、年、世紀】 【表示將來時間翻譯成“在之后” 】in the morning/a

9、fternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上in September在九月in winter在冬季in 1999在 1999 年in the 20th (21st ) century在 20學習必備歡迎下載( 21)世紀in one s life在某人一生中intwo weeks 兩周后inthe future在將來in the daytime在白天 in my school days在我上學期間2for, during, through(1) for “長達之久”(表示過了多長時間)后接一段時間(與數(shù)詞連用的時間名詞)多與完成時連用。I ve been a soldier for 5

10、years.She has been ill for several days.表示“持續(xù)一段時間”時,for我入伍已 5 年了。她已經(jīng)病了幾天了。后面必須跟“數(shù)字 +時間名詞”,而during后決不可接數(shù)字。(2) during表示“在期間”during the night在晚上 during the fire在發(fā)生大火期間during the meeting在開會期間 during the meal在吃飯過程中He visited many nice places during his stay here.在他逗留期間他參觀了許多美麗的地方。What did you do during t

11、he summer vacation?你在暑假做了什么?(3) through 表示“一直,自始至終”They worked hard through the winter.整個冬天他們都在努力工作。She treated me like her brother through these years.這些年來她始終把我當哥哥對待。3 from, since(1) from 表示“等時間的起點” ,作“從”解,多用于“ from to/till”中。You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.周一至周五你什幺時間來都行。The exam will st

12、art from 9:00am.考試將從上午九點開始。from “從(開始)”未必持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,如:from 1995 to 1998.從 1995 年到 1998 年?!?since 而 since 是指“自從以來一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在一般只與現(xiàn)在完成時連用,而 from 不受此限。學習必備歡迎下載(2) since 表示“自從以來(直到現(xiàn)在) ”He has been away from home since 1973.他自從 1973 年就離開了家鄉(xiāng)。We have known each other since ten years ago.我們十年前就認識了。for 與 since 表示一段時間,

13、但 for 與時間段連用,而 since 與時間點連用。如 for two hours(持續(xù))兩小時; since last week自從上周直到現(xiàn)在4 before, by, till, until(1) before 指“在之前”Please come before ten oclock. 請 10 點以前來。The meeting will end after 3:00pm.會議將在下午三點后結束。表示“在以前”時, before 與 by 基本可通用。但 by 還有“最晚不遲于”“截至為止”之意,此時可與完成時(現(xiàn)在完成、過去完成)連用,而 before 一般不與完成時連用。如:How

14、 many models have you made by the end of last month?截至上月底你做了多少個模型?(2) by 指“不遲于,到時為止,在以前” 動作完成I must finish my homework by lunch.午飯前我必須做完作業(yè)。We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.到上學期末為止,我們已經(jīng)學了1000 多個單詞了。(3) till (until)“直到為止”動作持續(xù)到什么時候You must wait for him till tomorrow.你必須一直等到他明天。He

15、didn t come back until twelve oclock last night.他昨晚下到12 點才回來。在肯定句中,till (until)必須與延續(xù)動詞連用。若與點動詞連用,till(until)只能用于否定句中。5 after,in,withinafter表示“在之后” ,是before的反義詞。Well hold a party after dinner.晚餐后我們將舉辦晚會。He got a cancer and died after a year.他患了癌癥,一年后去世了。I ll phone you afterI arrive.到達后我給你打電話。(after作連

16、詞)學習必備歡迎下載within “在時間之內(nèi)”I can finish it within an hour.我不出一小時就可把它做完。比 較after 與 inafter后可跟時間段,也可跟時間點,如after school(放學后),而 in 后必須跟一段時間,如in an hour(一小時后)。after既可用于將來時,也可用于過去時,而in 只能用于將來時。after既可作介詞,又可作連詞,而in 只能作介詞 in “在時間之后”I ll arrive in an hour.我一小時后到達。well meet again in two weeks我們將會在兩周以后再見We starte

17、d out for the United States on July the first and after 20hours ,We arrive at Los Angeles Airport我們 7 月 1 日出發(fā) 20 小時后我們到達洛杉磯機場Next week were going on a tripto Hong Kong and afterabout a week,were visiting Malaysia下周我們?nèi)ハ愀勐糜?,大約一周后我們訪問馬來西亞in 與 within后都必須跟時間段。(二)表示 “地點、方向 ”的介詞:1、表示地理方位的介詞的用法: in表示 A 地在 B

18、 地范圍之內(nèi)。如:TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina. to 表示 A 地在 B 地范圍之外,即二者之間有 距離間隔。 如:JapanliestotheeastofChina. on 表示 A 地與 B 地接壤、毗鄰。如:NorthKoreaisontheeastofChina. off 表示“離一些距離或離不遠的海上”。如:Theyarrivedatahouseoffthemainroad.New ZealandliesofftheeasterncoastofAustralia2in outside between, amongin 表示“在里面” ,如:學習必備歡迎

19、下載Whats in the box?盒子里是什么?She put her book in the desk.她把書放進了書桌。outside指“在外面”There are many people outside the room.房間外有很多人。What did your see outside the hall?你在大廳外看見了什么?between 在之間(指二者)There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office.在賓館與郵局之間有所醫(yī)院。The building stands between the park and th

20、e small river.那棟建筑位于公園和小河之間。between 是指“在兩者之間” ,而 among指“在多個之間”。among在之間(指三者以上)“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd.警察向人群喊道:“你們中間有個小偷! ”He found his place among the crowd.他在人群中找到了他的位置。3 on, above, over, below, under(1) on 在上面,表面相互接觸。There is an apple on the table.桌上有一個蘋果。O

21、n the top of the hill, there is a flag.山頂有一面旗子。(2) above 只表示“在上方或位置高出” ,與 below 相對。A plane flew above our heads.一架飛機從我們頭上飛過。The Turners live above us.特納一家人住在我們的上面。(3) over “在正上方”,與 under 相對。There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座橋。The pictureis hanging over the blackboard.那張圖掛在黑板的正上方。(4) below在下方,低于T

22、here are many flowers below the window.窗下有很多花。Her skirt reaches just below her knees.她的裙子剛到膝蓋下。(5) under在正下方They sat under a big tree, drinking.他們坐在一棵大樹下喝酒。What are you wearing under your coat?你外套里面穿了什么?4 near, by, beside學習必備歡迎下載(1) near 在附近,與 far 相對A hospital was built near the railway station.在火車站

23、附近建了一所醫(yī)院。My home is near he school.我的家離學校很近。(2) by = beside,靠近,在旁邊,比near 距離更近He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在電影院他就坐在我旁邊。He lay down beside the statuary.他在雕像旁躺下了。5in front of, behind, around( round、about 通用表示圍繞某物體,或者表示時間“大約”)(1) in front of在前面A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一條河They p

24、ut a bunch of flowers in front of the door.他們在門前放了一束花。in the front of表示“在前部” ,指里面。There is a red chair in the front of the room.在房間前半部有把紅椅子。(2) behind在后面A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高層建筑。The cat lies behind the door.貓?zhí)稍陂T后面。(3) around在周圍,圍繞There are many trees around the villege.村子

25、周圍有很多樹圍繞。There are flowers around the stage.舞臺周圍擺著鮮花。6 from, to, for, into, out of(1) from從The train started from Paris.火車發(fā)自巴黎。She will fly from Beijing to Hongkong.她將從北京飛往香港。(2) to 到(目的地)去,向He went to Germany last year.他去年去了德國。They got to the town very late.他們很晚才到那個鎮(zhèn)。(3) for向,表目的方向He left for Tianj

26、in on business yesterday.他昨天出差去天津了。The train for Shanghai has been away.去往上海的火車已經(jīng)開走了。學習必備歡迎下載towards, totowards和 for 都可表示“向” ,其區(qū)別如下:僅指朝向某個方向,不一定是目的地,而to和 for都是“向目的地”。for 作“向(目的地)”時,常用于固定搭配中, 如:leave for;startfor(4) into進入Please put the water into the bottle.請把水倒入瓶子里。The teacher came into the classro

27、om with a smile.老師微笑著走進了教室。(5) out of從出來A beautiful girl in red went out of the shop.一個穿紅衣服的漂亮女孩從商店里走了出來。They pulled him out of the water.他們把他從水里拉了出來。7 along, across, through,past, over(1) along沿著He likes to drive along the river.他喜歡沿著河開車。There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road stree

28、t.沿街有著各種美麗的花。(2) across橫穿(平面物體)The little girl is afraid to go across the street.這個小女孩不敢橫穿馬路。It s dangerous to run across the busy road.跑著穿越繁忙的馬路是很危險的。(3) through 穿過 空間內(nèi)通過(穿過森林、沙漠、穿過窗戶)It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.開車穿過這條隧道花了我們 10 分鐘時間。He pushed his way through the crowd to the

29、platform.他從人群里擠到了站臺。(4)past經(jīng)過從事物的一旁經(jīng)過8 at, in二者都表示“在某個地方” ,但 at 多指較小的地方,如車站、家等,而 in 多指在“大地方”,如城市、國家、大洲等。 (但大小有時也是相對的) 。He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27 號。學習必備歡迎下載The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00.飛機將于 13 點到達北京。(三)其它用途的介詞:1 表示 “標準或單位 ”的介詞: at, for, by(1) at 表示“以速度”“以價

30、格”He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小時 8 英里的速度行駛。I sold my car at a high price.我以高價出售了我的汽車。(2) for用交換I bought it for 20 dollars.買它花了我 20 美元。How much for these apples?這些蘋果多少錢?at 與 for 都表示價格,但 at 表示“單價”,for表示總價 ,at后一般跟“ price ”這個詞,而 for后只能跟總錢數(shù)。如: I bought it at a low price.我買它的價格很低。I bought i

31、t at the price of $80 a pound.我以每磅80 美元的價格買的它。I sold it for $10.我 10 美元把它賣掉了。(3) by 以計,后跟度量單位 冠詞Gold is sold by the gram.金以克出售。They paid him by the month.他們按月給他計酬。2表示 “材料 ”的介詞: of, from, in(1) of表示從成品仍可看出原料。物理變化This box is made of paper.這個盒子是紙做的。This salad is made of apples and strwberres.這種沙拉是由蘋果和草

32、莓做的。(2) from表示從成品已看不出原料?;瘜W變化Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麥做的。The lifeboat is made from some special material.這個救生艇是由某種特殊材料制成的。(3) in 用材料( in 指材料時,材料前不用冠詞) 或語言、聲音、衣著。常用write, speak, talk, answer等連用。用方式 in French, in cash, in this wayPlease fill in the form in pencil first.請先用鉛筆填寫這個表格。They talk in Eng

33、lish.他們用英語交談。學習必備歡迎下載with 用工具(后面必須加冠詞或者物主代詞)比較:用鉛筆畫3表示 “工具或手段 ”的介詞: by, with, on(1) by 憑借“工具或方法、手段(多用于交通工具后面不能加冠詞)如:by bus 乘公共汽車, by plane乘飛機He usually goes to work by bike.他通常騎車去上班。He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通過電子郵件發(fā)給了我這一消息。表示搭乘交通工具時,既可用by,又可用in ,區(qū)別在于用by 時,表示交通工具的名詞前不能加冠詞,而用in時名詞前必須加冠詞。(2) wi

34、th 用工具或者身體的某一器官(后面必須加冠詞或者物主代詞)表示以方式 with skillHe broke the window with a stone.He stopped the ball with his right foot.You can see it with your own eyes他用石頭把玻璃打破了他用腳把球停住。你可以親自去看看with 表示“用工具”時,工具前必須加冠詞或物主代詞。(3) on 以方式。多用于固定詞組。On footOn a trainThey talked on the telephone.他們通過電話進行交談。She learns English

35、 on the radio/on TV.她通過收音機 / 電視學英語。4表示 “關于 ”的介詞: of, about, on(1) of 僅指“關于”人或事物的存在,如:He spoke of the film the other day.他前幾天提到了這部影片。He thought of this matter yesterday.他昨天想到了這件事。He thought about this matter yesterday.他昨天考慮了這件事。(2) about 指“關于”某人或某事物的較詳細的情況。It s a book for children about Africa and it

36、s people.它是一本供兒童閱讀的關于非洲和非洲人的書。Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告訴我一些關于你自己的事情嗎?學習必備歡迎下載(3) on 是指“關于”學術性的或嚴肅的,供專門研究用的。It s a textbook onthe history of China.它是一本有關中國歷史的教科書。5表示 “原因、理由 ”的介詞: for, at, from, of, with(1) for表示“一般的理由”常與famous, punish等詞連用。Xi an is famous for its long history.西安因歷史悠

37、久而著名。The city is well known for her large population.這座城市以人口眾多而知名。(2) at 一般指“情感”的原因,通常放在表示“驚訝或喜悅等感情”的動詞或形容詞之后,表示“因聽到或看到而” 。She got angry at his words.她因為他的話生氣了。He was surprised at the news.聽到這消息他大吃一驚。(3) from 表示“外在的原因” 。如受傷、車禍等。He died from the wound.他因受傷而致死。Her son was badly hurt in a traffic accid

38、ent.她兒子在一次車禍中嚴重受傷。(4) of 表示“內(nèi)在的原因” ,如病、餓等到。He died of cancer.他死于癌癥。The old man died of hunger.老人死于饑餓。(5) with 表示“由外在影響到肉體或心理”的原因。He shook with cold.他因寒冷而發(fā)抖。He shouted loudly with anger.他氣得大喊大叫。6 like, as(1) like 像一樣(其實不是)The little tiger looks like a cat.這只小老虎看起來像只貓。The mooncakes are like the moon.月

39、餅像月亮。(2) as 作為,以身份(其實是)He was hanged as a spy.他被作為間諜絞死了。He talk to me as a father.他以父親的身份跟我談話。7 against, foragainst反對,與 for 是反義詞,如:學習必備歡迎下載Are you for my idea or against it?你贊同還是反對我的想法?They fought against the enemy.他們抗擊敵人。8 besides, except, except for, but, but for 都表示 “除了 ”。 Besides(意為包括在內(nèi)、除之外還)的用法就等于 as well as。 Except, but 后接句子, except for, but for后接短語。He is interested in tennis besides( as well as)football.除了足球,他還對網(wǎng)球感興趣。(1)besides

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