2020年中考英語之重點(diǎn)核心詞匯詳解專題6G、H字部

1、中考2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)之重點(diǎn)核心詞匯詳解專題六G、H字部1. general|比陽 adj.大體的，籠統(tǒng)的，總的，一般的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：in general 總之； 一般而言； general public 公眾；general idea 大意，梗概；general manager 總經(jīng)理；general rule一般規(guī)則；通則in general 用法：作狀語：The weather in Florida is warm in general.一般來說弗羅里達(dá)州的天氣是暖和的。Q放在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后作定語：People in general will support us.總體而言，人們會(huì)支持我們的

2、。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：generally adv. 通常，一般地；普遍地：generally speaking=in general一般而言工王由（2019,浙江卷，閱讀 D） Researchers in France took their research out into the street, to the general public.2. geography£ JL與In.地理（學(xué)），地形關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：a geography lesson/teacher/textbook 地理課 / 老師 / 課本詞性轉(zhuǎn)換： geographical=geographic adj. 地理（學(xué)）的； g

3、eographically adv.在地理上；地理學(xué)上工工£61（2019 , 江蘇卷， 閱讀填空）Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it wasa time when people were d 70 geographically , leading to different dialects（方言 ）andcharacters.3. gold |n.黃金:金色；adj.金質(zhì)的；金（黃）色的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組： gold medal 金牌；gold mine 金礦；pure gold 純金；gold r

4、ing/watch/coin金戒指/表/幣用法：gold作化學(xué)元素、物質(zhì)名詞時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞；表示“金色”時(shí)，可作可數(shù)名詞，例如：I love the reds and golds of autumn.我喜歡秋天的火紅色和金黃色。gold和golden的區(qū)別：詞性上看，gold可作名詞，也可作形容詞；golden只作形容詞Ogold修飾名詞時(shí)，是名詞作定語，主要指由金制造的東西，側(cè)重材料；也可以形容詞身份修飾名詞，表示"金色的"：Do you like the gold car?你喜歡這兩金色的車嗎？ golden修飾名詞時(shí)，文學(xué)色彩濃厚，往往帶有比喻意義，表示“黃金般的”

5、、“寶貴的”、“美好的”、“很有前途的”等意義，例如： golden age黃金時(shí)期；golden chance 絕好機(jī)會(huì)（4一些習(xí)慣使用 golden的情形：golden hair 金發(fā)；golden egg/apple金蛋/蘋果工工上冏（2019,山東卷，閱讀 C） The king was wild with joy. He ran around his palace and touched everything he saw. Everything was turned into gold !4. governmentn.政府關(guān)聯(lián)詞組： central government中央政府；l

6、ocal government 地方政府； government official 政府官員詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：governmental adj. 政府的；govern v. 管理；統(tǒng)治；governor n.管理者；統(tǒng)治者；地方長官governments.（2019,浙江卷，閱讀 D） Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and5. greeting隙n.

7、祝賀；問候關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：greeting card 賀卡用法：通常搭配的動(dòng)詞有send （發(fā)送），exchange （交換）；常用作復(fù)數(shù) greetings ,表示"賀詞"、"問候的話”：Christmas/birthday greetings 圣誕/生日賀詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：greet v.問候，打招呼（2019, d匕京卷， 短文閱讀） A gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in China. After greetings , the gift should be passed immediat

8、ely to the host.6. grow|加2dv.生長；發(fā)展；種植；變成詞形變化：過去式 grew, 過去分詞 grown關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：grow up 長大，成長； grown into 成長為； grow rice/vegetables/flowers 種水稻/蔬菜/花；grow old 變老用法：grow表示"增長”含義時(shí)，常用語 a growing number of的結(jié)構(gòu)，意味"越來越多的”：A growing number of people are going vegetarian.越來越多的人開始吃素了。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：growth n. 增長；發(fā)展；生長；種植

9、： the growth of population 人口增長（2019,北京卷，完形）And moments of failure like this build 20 since then I ' ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.20. A. trustB. prideC. characterD. support7. guardn.警戒，保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)裝置;v.保衛(wèi)名詞詞組:動(dòng)詞詞組:security guard guard againstkeep guard 站崗;guard dog 看門狗防止，提防（2019

10、, 重慶卷，閱讀 A） U.S companies pay almost $10 billion a year to protect their property with alarm systems and human guards .8. habit法存n.習(xí)慣；習(xí)性關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：good/bad habit好/壞習(xí)慣；form the habit of養(yǎng)成白習(xí)慣；living habit生活習(xí)慣；eatinghabit飲食習(xí)慣；out of habit 出于習(xí)慣；break the habit 改掉習(xí)慣詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：habitual adj.習(xí)慣的，習(xí)以為常的；habitually adv. 慣

11、常，習(xí)慣地（2019,山東卷，單項(xiàng)填空）5.My brother has a healthy livinghabit . He stays up late, and he is an early bird.A. usually B. hardlyC. oftenD. always9. hang |工；?曰v.懸掛;垂落；吊著；把吊起詞形變化：過去式 hung,過去分詞hung關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：hang on堅(jiān)持下去；握住不放；不掛斷；hang out閑逛；hang up （the phone） 掛斷電話；hangonto依附；緊緊抓住用法：hang可作及物動(dòng)詞，接名詞或代詞作賓語；也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，其

12、主動(dòng)形式含有被動(dòng)意義。例如：You may hang your coat on the hook.你可以把夕卜套掛在鉤子上。All the shirts hang together in the same wardrobe.所有的襯衫都掛在同一個(gè)衣櫥里。工工gMi（2019,浙江卷，詞匯運(yùn)用）44. We（ 很少地hang out at weekends recently.10.happen |鄧上 v.（偶然）發(fā)生；碰巧表示“某地（某時(shí)）發(fā)生了什么事”，常用“ sth.+ happen +地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間”句型，此時(shí)主語為事情。例如： The story happened in 1998.這個(gè)故事

13、發(fā)生在 1998 年。表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）"，常用" sth.+ happen+to sb."這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如：A car accident happened to her this morning.今天上午她發(fā)生了 交通事故。What happened to you?=what ' s wrong with you? 你怎么啦 ？（3表示“某人碰巧做某事"，常用" sb.+ happen+ to do sth. "來表達(dá)。例如：I happened to meet a friend of mine in t

14、he street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇至 U 了 我的個(gè)朋友。©表示“碰巧或恰巧發(fā)生某事”時(shí)，還可用" It happens/happened that. "這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如：It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.碰巧那天布萊恩和彼得在家了。注：that從句中的主語是人時(shí)，該結(jié)構(gòu)可與" sb.+ happen + to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)互換。例如：It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.

15、= Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：happening n.發(fā)生的事（常用復(fù)數(shù)）：There have been strange happenings here lately.這兒最近發(fā)生了一些怪事。I ESI更由（2019,浙江卷，完形填空）How did thishappen? I 17 we were friends.17. A. foundB. admitted C. realizedD. thought11. hard出SJ adj.硬的；困難的；努力的；adv.努力地；艱難地；猛烈地形容詞詞組：hard di

16、sk 硬盤；hard drive硬盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器；have a hard time過得艱難；hard copy 硬拷貝;復(fù)印件副詞詞組：work hard努力工作（學(xué)習(xí)）；try hard 努力hard 和 hardly 區(qū)別：dhard既是形容詞，又是自己的副詞，表示“努力的（地）”、“猛烈的（地）”；（2hardly只作副詞，其詞義與hard相去甚遠(yuǎn)，指“幾乎不”，表示否定概念。試比較：He works hard. 他努力工作。He hardly works. 他幾乎不工作。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：hardness n. 硬度；harden v. 硬化；變硬；hardship n. 困苦，艱難險(xiǎn)阻；同義詞：d

17、ifficult adj. 困難的反義詞：soft adj. 軟的；溫柔的；easy adj.容易的，簡單的工少齒1（2019, 浙江卷，完形）Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue.12. health |n.健康，衛(wèi)生 .關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：health care衛(wèi)生保??；physical health身體健康； mental health心理健康； World HealthOrganization 世界衛(wèi)生組織詞性

18、轉(zhuǎn)換：healthy adj.健康的，健全的；healthily adv. 健康地；healthiness n. 健康，健全同義詞：fitness n. 健康；適當(dāng)工2:加（2019,山東卷，單項(xiàng)填空）21. Tennis can exercise all of our muscles （肌肉）.And it requires to spend time withothers. This is good for ourhealth , too.A. oursB. usC. we13. hear | E石匕v.聽到；聽說詞形變化：過去式 heard ,過去分詞 heard關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：hear fr

19、om sb.收到某人的信；hear about聽說，得知；hear of聽說過dhear與listen 的區(qū)別：hear強(qiáng)調(diào)"聽見”，即聽的結(jié)果；listen 強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動(dòng)作；（2 hear sb. do sth.表示聽到某人做某事的全過程； hear sb. doing sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)聽到某人正在做某事。試比較：我可以聽見隔壁有人在歡快地唱歌。I heard him sing a song yesterday.昨天我聽見他唱了支歌。I could hear people singing happily next door.工工不石，（2019,江蘇卷，單項(xiàng)填空）9.Could you

20、speak in a loud voice so that I canA. quickly B. happily C. slowly14. heat后冷n.熱，高溫；v.加熱；使激動(dòng)hear you?D. clearly詞組：heat wave 熱浪；heat stroke 中暑;heat up加熱詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：heated adj. 熱的；激動(dòng)地，激烈的：heated discussion激烈的討論；heater n.加熱器（2019,山東卷，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用）The accident also causedheated discussions on the Internet.15. heavy|出陽

21、adj.(沉)重的；大量的，嚴(yán)重的用法：除了可指重量之外，heavy常用來表示數(shù)量、程度或嚴(yán)重性之大，常見搭配有：heavy traffic擁擠的交通；heavy rain/snow 大雨/雪；heavy drinking/smoking 大量飲酒 /吸煙詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：heavily adv.沉重地；猛烈地；heaviness n. 沉重；沉悶反義詞：light adj. 輕的工注£岳1(2019,江蘇卷，閱讀 B)26. What does the table above show?A. How heavy an egg can be.C. How to make an egg sin

22、k.16. help心弟;v.&n.幫助，幫忙動(dòng)詞詞組：help oneself (to sth.)情不自禁B. How long to cook an egg in a pan.D. How to check the age of an egg.自用(食物)，自取所需；can' t help (doing sth.) 忍不住(做)，名詞詞組：with the help of sb.=with sb. ' s help 在的幫助下；ask for help尋求幫助Qhelp作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，即是及物動(dòng)詞，也是不及物動(dòng)詞。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有help (sb.) with+名詞，help

23、(sb.) in doingsth. , help (sb.) (to) do sth.(接不定式時(shí)可以省略to ):He always helps (her) with the housework.他總是幫著(她)做家務(wù)。She helped (me) (to) organize the party.她協(xié)助(我)籌備了晚會(huì)。O help做名詞時(shí)，表示“幫助”時(shí)，常接介詞with ；還可以指“有幫助的人或物”，這時(shí)常接介詞to ：Your advice was a big help to me.你的建議對我很有幫助。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：helpful adj.有幫助的，有益的； helpfully ad

24、v.有益地，有用地；helpless adj. 無助的；沒用的；helplessly adv.無助地，無能為力地(2019,北京卷，短文閱讀)I was mortified. My hands were shaking. I couldn'thelp crying 16.16. A. sadlyB. shylyC. excitedlyD. nervously17. hideI E；-v.把藏起來；隱藏詞形變化：過去式 hid ,過去分詞hidden關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：hide and seek 捉迷藏用法：hide可作及物動(dòng)詞表示“把藏起來，隱瞞”，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“隱藏，隱瞞”。常用的介

25、詞搭配有：hide (sb./sth.) in /under/behind (把)藏于； hide (sb./sth.) from sb.hidden trouble/danger隱患對隱瞞：Do not hide your fear from yourself.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：hidden adj. 隱藏的: 工工£劭(2019,湖南卷，語法填空)不要對自己隱瞞你的恐懼。hidden abilities within you.22. Keep trying,you might surprisingly findA. butB. andC. or近代史；history museum 歷歷史

26、的；史學(xué)的；基于史實(shí)18. historyn.歷史；歷史學(xué)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：in history在歷史上；human history 人類歷史； modern history史博物館；history teacher 歷史老師詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：historic adj.有歷史意義的；歷史上著名的； historical adj.的；historically adv.注意 historic 和 historical 的區(qū)別， 歷史、史學(xué)、過去的事實(shí)。試比較： Today is a historic day for our country.He has been doing some historical stud

27、y.工工不石，（2019年，江蘇卷，詞匯檢測）43. Amy and Annie will go on a natural 19. hit|比!上v.打，撞，擊中詞形變化：過去式 hit ,過去分詞hit歷史上地；從歷史觀點(diǎn)上說historic通常表示具有重要?dú)v史意義的；今天是我國具有歷史意義的日子。他一直在進(jìn)行史學(xué)研究。history walk nexthistorical通常表示涉及（星期日）他的頭碰了低矮的天花板。用法：hit sb./sth. with sth.用擊打； hit sth. on/against sth.使（身體部位）撞到（某物）He hit his head on th

28、e low ceiling.熟詞僻義：hit作名詞時(shí)，除了表示“擊，打”，還可表示“很受歡迎的人（或事）His new record is a real hit.他的新專輯極為成功，引起轟動(dòng)。近義詞：beat v.（敲）打工工£女（2019 年，山東卷，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用）Liu hit the driver with her phone and prevented the driver from driving the bus safely.20. holdI E；羔物v.拿，抱，握??；進(jìn)行，舉行詞形變化：過去式 held ,過去分詞held關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：hold on=hang on 別掛斷；

29、等一下； hold up 舉起；hold back 隱瞞；抑制；hold onto=hang onto 抓住不放用法：hold除了表示“拿，握，抱”等肢體動(dòng)作的含義，還經(jīng)常用來表示“進(jìn)行，舉行，舉辦”的意思，常見搭配有 hold a meeting/party/competition 等。工工王1由（2019 年，山東卷，完形） Then jump straight up as high as you can after the squat position, holding your arms up directly over your head.21.honest費(fèi)EERadj.誠實(shí)的，正

30、直的 關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：to be honest 老實(shí)說dhonest前面的不定冠詞要用an,不用 a： an honest man ;2 be honest with sb. 對某人誠實(shí)；be honest about sth. 坦誠（不隱瞞）某事詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：honesty n. 誠實(shí)，正直； honestly adv. 誠實(shí)地，正直地：honestly (speaking尸tobe honest老實(shí)說反義詞：dishonest adj.不誠實(shí)的，不老實(shí)的工（2019 年，湖北卷，短文填空） To be honest, if I compare China with the US, my answer

31、 has always been the same: "We are not worse or better than each other; we are only different.”22.honourHZQn.榮譽(yù)，榮耀；尊敬美式拼寫：honor關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：in honour of 為紀(jì)念；for the honour of 為了的聲譽(yù)；have the honour of 有幸guest of honour 貴賓用法：復(fù)數(shù)形式 honours ,特指“優(yōu)異成績"：graduate with honours以優(yōu)異成績畢業(yè)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：honoured adj. 受尊敬的；

32、honourable adj.榮譽(yù)的，值得尊敬的反義詞： dishonour n. 恥辱，丟臉工工事歷1（2019 年，湖北卷，閱讀 C） We encourage our kids to take honors courses （培優(yōu)課程）or to have after-school jobs.23.human|二曰.n.人類:adj.人的，人類的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組： human body/brain 人體/ 月百；human being 人； 人類； human nature 人性用法：human也可以作名，BJ,此時(shí) human=human being ,意為"人，人類"。詞

33、性轉(zhuǎn)換：humanly adv. 像人地；以人力； humanity n. 人類；人道工工牙位1（2019 年，d匕京卷，閱讀 D） Nowadays, smart machines give us access to mosthumanknowledge.24.humorousI萋曰adj.幽默的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：humorous stories 幽默故事詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：humorously adv.幽默地，滑稽地；humour=humor n. 幽默：sense of humour 幽默感；black humour黑色幽默工工不石，（2019年，江蘇卷，閱讀 A）27. What does the underlined wordaresolution " mean in the passage?A. Promise. B. Entertainment.C. Humour D. Secret.25.hungry| E以adj.（饑）餓的；渴望的用法：hungry通常引申為"渴望的”，常用句式有 be hungry for sth. 或be hungry to do sth.She is hungry for success.她渴望成功。She was hungry to learn.她渴望學(xué)習(xí)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：hunger n.