中石化英語分級測試機(jī)職稱英語考試資料(閱讀理解)

1、中國石化英語分級測試第一篇 How to be Happy 如何獲得幸福2第二篇 City Design 城市設(shè)計3第三篇 Population 人口4第四篇 Earthquake 地震5第五篇 The Aftermath of BP Fulf Oil Spill-英國石油公司墨西哥灣原油泄漏6第六篇 Green Computers“綠色電腦7第七篇 Cell Phones手機(jī)8第八篇 Touch Tech觸屏技術(shù)9第九篇 Fossil Fuels and Our Life化石燃料與我們的生活10第十篇 Carbon Emissions碳排放11第十一篇 Marine Pollution海洋污

2、染12第十二篇 China's Growth and the Clean Energy Tech中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與清潔能源技術(shù)13第十三篇 Market Economy市場經(jīng)濟(jì)14第十四篇 CPI消費(fèi)者物價指數(shù)15第十五篇 The Internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)16十六篇 Apple Expands its Touchy-Feely Vision蘋果公司用iPad延續(xù)夢想17十七篇 3G Technology技術(shù)18十八篇 Carbon Capture and Storage碳捕獲和儲存19十九篇 GlobaIWarming全球變暖20二十篇 Alternate Energies替代能源21二十

3、一篇 Biofuels生物燃料22二十二篇 Coal Chemicallndustry煤化學(xué)工業(yè)23二十三篇 Resource Curse資源詛咒24二十四篇 Company Management公司管理25二十五篇 Recruitment Drives Take Talent from Wide Pool人才庫26二十六篇 Tips for Job Seekers找工作的秘訣27二十七篇 Chinese Oil Market中國石油市場28二十八篇 0il Trade石油貿(mào)易29二十九篇 How I Lost My Head in the Volcanic Ash Cloud令人發(fā)瘋的火山灰

4、30三十篇 Project Management項(xiàng)目管理31第一篇 How to be Happy 如何獲得幸福 In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive_psychologist Martin Seligman, where H（happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary_choices y

5、ou make). 過去兩周我們研究了一項(xiàng)幸福公式，這是由樂觀心理學(xué)家馬丁·塞利格曼定義的。在這個公式中，H（幸福）=S（個人生理幸福感受的固定指數(shù)）+C（個人生活狀態(tài)）+V（個人主觀選擇）。This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.本周我們將著眼于能提升幸福指數(shù)的生活狀態(tài)。 Step l: Peace and quiet 第一步：平和寧靜 Jonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothes

6、is, notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. 喬納森·海迪在他的優(yōu)秀著作幸福假說當(dāng)中提到，研究調(diào)查顯示，我們不可能完全適應(yīng)噪音污染，無論是新近的還是長期的。Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surro

7、unded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. 巨大噪聲會引發(fā)我們面對恐懼的某種本能反應(yīng)（另一種是對于墜落的恐懼），如果周遭噪音喧鬧，我們不可能完全放松。每日保持平和與寧靜事關(guān)重要。 If you are unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council.Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have s

8、ome respite. If you need your TV,radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.如果你不幸生活在比較嘈雜吵的環(huán)境中，請一定要堅(jiān)持去居委會投訴。另外，嘗試使用耳塞，可能會緩解噪聲。如果你需要用大音量看電視、聽收音機(jī)或放音樂的話，記得戴上耳機(jī)，別影響鄰里，這樣可以使雙方都感到舒適。 Step 2: Relationships 第二步：人際關(guān)系 This is the

9、most important of all the extemal conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. 這是增加幸福指數(shù)的一條至關(guān)重要的外部條件。我們感到不快樂的最深層原因，往往就是人際關(guān)系欠佳。 A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling bet

10、rayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery . 與搭檔或者愛人的關(guān)系陷入激烈的沖突中，會讓我們產(chǎn)生遭到背叛和遺棄的感覺。父母和孩子之間如果缺乏同情心和無私關(guān)懷，會產(chǎn)生隔閡與痛苦。 When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to eith

11、er mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to moveon.當(dāng)我們面臨這類問題時，最好的辦法就是直面難題，修復(fù)關(guān)系，或者學(xué)著繼續(xù)前行。 Step 3: Share 第三步：分享 If you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is

12、 essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others. 如果你發(fā)覺生活狀態(tài)或者做的某項(xiàng)決定對幸福生活有重大幫助的話，記得與你的朋友們分享。將有用的發(fā)現(xiàn)與更多人分享，這對增進(jìn)自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有積極作用。閱讀理解1. What's the happiness formula according to the passage?答案：The formula refers to H(happiness)=S(your biological set point for feeling happy)+C(the condition

13、s of your life)+V(the voluntary choices you make)2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution?答案：Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses aIld we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intruslve noise.3. How could we make both ourselves and the ne

14、ighbors feel good?答案：If we need our TV, radio or muslc up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates our kindness and consideration to our neighbors.4. Where does the unhappiness come from?答案：Our unhappiness often comes from poor relationships with others.5. What is the positive way to face with the crue

15、lly conflictual relationship?答案：What you can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to move on.第二篇 City Design 城市設(shè)計 When I'm being driven through a city from our hotel to a conference center, I couldn't help but note the overwhelming presence of cars

16、 and parking lots. The world's cities are in trouble. In hundreds of cities, the life of daily life is deteriorating. Breathing the air in some cities is equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes per day. The number of hours commuters spend going nowhere sitting in traffic-congested streets

17、and highways climbs higher each year, raising frustration levels當(dāng)我從旅館乘車穿行城市前往會議中心時，映入眼簾的是無處不在的汽車和停車場。全世界的城市都陷入了困境，數(shù)以百計的城市日常生活的質(zhì)量正在不斷下降。在一些城市，每天呼吸空氣等于抽兩包香煙。每天上班族驅(qū)車時因街道和道路堵塞而寸步難行，耽擱的時間逐年升高，郁悶也隨之加深。 In response to these conditions, we are seeing the emergency of a new urbanism. In just a few years, man

18、y cities banned the parking of cars on side walks, created or renovated more parks, introduced a highly successful bus-base rapid transit system, built hundreds of kilometers of bicycle paths and pedestrian streets, reduced rush hour traffic, planted more trees and involved local citizens directly i

19、n the improvement of their neighborhoods. The quality of urban life in these cities has been greatly enhanced with the vision of a city designed for people.針對上述情況，我們可以看到一種新城市主義的理念正在興起。在短短的幾年內(nèi)，許多城市的人行道上不再允許停車，新建和改造了更多的停車場，建立了一套以公共汽車為基礎(chǔ)的極為成功的快速運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)，興建了數(shù)百公里的自行車道和步行街，高峰時段的交通擁擠得以減緩，種植了更多的樹木，并吸收當(dāng)?shù)厥忻裰苯訁⑴c社區(qū)

20、的改善工作。城市設(shè)計以人為本的理念使這些城市的生活質(zhì)量有了很大的提高。 Now govemment planners everywhere are experimenting, seeking ways to design cities for people not cars. Cars promise mobility. But in an urbanizing world there is an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city. After a point, as their numbers multiply, a

21、utomobiles provide not mobility but immobility. 現(xiàn)在，各地政府的規(guī)劃者們都在嘗試尋找為了人而不是為汽車設(shè)計城市的方法。汽車應(yīng)帶給人們活動的便捷。但是在一個不斷城市化的世界里，存在著一個根深蒂固的矛盾，即汽車與城市之間的矛盾。超過一個臨界點(diǎn)之后，隨著汽車數(shù)量的累加，汽車提供的不再是便捷，而是停滯。 Based on this perspective, some cities in industrial and developing countries alike will dramatically increase urban mobility b

22、y moving away from the car. Let me remind you once more, cities are built for people, not for cars. A city full of cars is like what the horrifying sci-fi depicted - all mechanism and no human. In order to avoid this disaster, we'd better start designing sustainable cities. 基于這個觀點(diǎn)，無論在發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)國家還是發(fā)展

23、中國家，一些城市將會通過遠(yuǎn)離汽車來極大增加市區(qū)的通暢。讓我再次提醒你，城市是為了人，不是為了汽車而建設(shè)的。擠滿汽車的城市就像恐怖的科幻小說里描繪的全是機(jī)械，沒有人性。為了避免這場災(zāi)難，我們最好開始設(shè)計可持續(xù)發(fā)展的城市。閱讀理解：1. What means of transportation does the author take to the conference center? 答案：(He takes)a bus. 2. According to the first paragraph what is happening in cities where there are more ca

24、rs? 答案：Cars not only do harm to people's health but also cause heavy traffic jam.3. What does the last sentence “the vision of a city designed for people”in paragraph 2 mean? 答案：Design cities for people not (for) cars.4.Why is there an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city in urb

25、an areas? 答案：Because people depend largely on cars.5.How would a city look like if cars were everywhere? 答案：There would be all cars (mechanism) no human.第三篇 Population 人口A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount ofland and

26、land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population ifit continues to grow at its present rate. 在我們這個星球上居住的人越來越多，是一個很重要的全球問題。如果繼續(xù)按照現(xiàn)有的增長率發(fā)展下去，那么有限的土地及土地資源很快不能養(yǎng)活這么巨大的人口。 So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice

27、 of what is becoming known as "Death Control".那么為什么會出現(xiàn)人口的大量增長呢？這的確是因?yàn)橹R的廣泛傳播和眾所周知的“死亡控制”的結(jié)果。 You have no doubt heard of the term "Birth Control". "Death Control" is something rather different. 毫無疑問，你肯定聽到過“生育控制”這個術(shù)語?！八劳隹刂啤笔谴蟛幌嗤?。It recognizes the work of the doctors and

28、scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. 它承認(rèn)了醫(yī)生和科學(xué)家的工作，現(xiàn)在他們能夠留住那些患有各種各樣絕癥的病人的生命。而這些絕癥在不久之前還是不可治愈的。Through a wide variety of technological innovations that"include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we

29、have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.通過大范圍的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，其中包括耕作方法和對絕癥的控制，我們已經(jīng)找到降低死亡率的方法。然而，正是這項(xiàng)成功給人類帶來最大的威脅。 If we examine the amount ofland available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If

30、everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square meters. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths ofthe world's land cannot produce food. 如果計算一下維持不斷增長的人口所需的土地量，我們就能意識到這個問

31、題。如果這個星球上的每個人都平均分一塊土地，我們每個人會擁有五萬平方米。這個數(shù)字看似相當(dāng)振奮人心，而當(dāng)我們計算一下每個人的實(shí)際可用耕地之后，就知道情況不太樂觀了。因?yàn)槭澜缟铣^3/5的土地都不能生產(chǎn)糧食。 Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its "capital" - its nonrenewable fossil fu

32、els and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades(3). We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable, such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the

33、earth with us. 顯然，能夠養(yǎng)活我們的耕地如此之少，我們就應(yīng)該想方設(shè)法不要讓耕地繼續(xù)減少下去。但是，我們并沒有這樣做！反而我們正在消耗它的“本錢”其不可再生的化石燃料與其它礦藏，它們是在幾百萬年的時間里才形成的，然而現(xiàn)在，幾十年內(nèi)就會被消耗殆盡。我們對待其它通常不被看做是不可再生的重要自然資源也是如此，譬如肥沃的土地、地下水和千百萬與我們共同居住在地球上的物種。閱讀理解：1. What can be learnt about the population growth at present? 答案：It continues to increasegrow at its presen

34、t rate. 2. According to the article, what contributes to the population increase? 答案：Death Control3. What is the doctors'job according to paragraph ？答案：They keep people who suffer from incurable diseases alive.?4.Why isn't there enough land to support human beings答案：Because the world's l

35、and has already been taken upoccupied by the ever-increasing population.5.In paragraph 4 the fertile soils are considered as_.答案：nonrenewable 第四篇 Earthquake 地震 Earthquakes may be ranked as one of the most devastating force known to men; since records began to be written down, it has been estimated t

36、hat earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in millions and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss oflife has been due to collapse of buildings and effects of rock slides, floods, fire, disease and other phenomena resulting from

37、earthquakes, rather than from the quakes themselves. 地震是人類所知的最具有破壞力的自然災(zāi)害之一。自從有記載以來，估計由地震造成的死亡達(dá)數(shù)百萬以上，地震造成的破壞更是不計其數(shù)。地震造成的破壞如此之大，死亡如此之多，主要是由于地震引發(fā)的建筑物倒塌、巖石崩落、洪水、火災(zāi)、疾病等現(xiàn)象造成的，而不是由于地震本身。 The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocea

38、n and its contiguous land masses. The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey and the Alpine regions. They may happen anywhere at any time. 大多數(shù)地震發(fā)生在兩個獨(dú)特的地理位置。一個是環(huán)太平洋地區(qū)及相鄰的大陸架，另一個是從印度東部延伸到阿特拉斯山脈，其中包括喜馬拉雅山、伊朗、土耳其和阿爾卑斯地區(qū)。那里隨時隨地都可能發(fā)生地震。 This elem

39、ent of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake prediction may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior, pattems of movements in the earth's crust, variations in the fo

40、rce of gravity and the earth's magnetic field and the frequency with which minor earth tremors are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes will strikecl). As a result, worldwide earthquake waming network is already in operation and has helped

41、 to prepare for the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected. 幾個世紀(jì)以來，這種對于地震的未知性更大大地增加了地震的可怕和恐懼性。但近幾年來已有跡象表明地震預(yù)測是可能的。通過分析動物行為的變化，地殼運(yùn)動的方式，地球磁場和地心引力的變化以及監(jiān)測到的輕微地震的頻率，科學(xué)家在預(yù)測地震發(fā)生的時間和地點(diǎn)上已取得了不斷的成功。因此，世界性地震預(yù)警網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，而且已經(jīng)幫助人們對大范圍的破壞做好準(zhǔn)備，而這些破壞也可能是完全不能預(yù)料的。 It is doubtful that man will e

42、ver be able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destructiveness altogether, but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their potential devastation before it occurs. 人類是否能完全控制地震并消除它的破壞力還未可知。但是，隨著我們對地震發(fā)生的方式和原因有了更多的了解，在地震發(fā)生之前，我

43、們就能更好地應(yīng)對可能造成的破壞。閱讀理解： 1. What are the causes ofthe great part ofthe damage and loss oflife? 答案：Collapse ofbuildings and the effects ofrock slides, floods, fire, disease and other phenomena from earthquakes. 2. Where are the two most active earthquake belts in the world? 答案：The area encompasses the P

44、acific Ocean and its contiguous land masses, East Indians to the Atlas Mountains. 3. What fact does "element ofthe unknown" in paragraph 3 refer to? 答案：It refers to the fact the earthquakes can happen anywhere at any time. 4. What four ways are used to anticipate earthquake activity? 答案：a)

45、 analyzing changes in animal behavior b) pattems ofmovements in the earth's crust c) variations in the force of gravity and the earth's magnetic field d) observation of the frequency ofminor earth tremors。5.What is the author's attitude toward the possibility of earthquake predictions? 答

46、案：Earthquake prediction is becoming more and more possible.第五篇 The Aftermath of BP Fulf Oil Spill-英國石油公司墨西哥灣原油泄漏 In the aftermath of the BP oil spill, President Obama voiced the concems of countless scientists. environmentalists(l). and Gulf Coast residents when he declared."We're dealing w

47、ith a massive and potentially unprecedented environmental disaster." The sheer size of the oil spill - 210,000 gallons a day contaminating the Gulf of Mexico - has many people worried about the short and long-term environmental harm it is causing (2) 英國石油公司原油泄漏事件之后，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的一次公開講話表達(dá)出了無數(shù)科學(xué)家、環(huán)保主義者以及

48、墨西哥灣居民的心聲。他在講話中提到，“我們正在應(yīng)對的是一場巨大的、史無前例的環(huán)境災(zāi)難”。每天足足有21萬加侖的原油泄漏并污染著墨西哥灣，這使得很多人為這次事件對環(huán)境所造成的短期和長期的危害感到擔(dān)憂。 The oil spill could severely damage fragile ecosystems for years, possibly decades. Beaches fouled by oil spills are very difficult to clean up. To make matters worse, the spill threatens beaches just

49、 as shorebirds are nesting and sea turtles are coming ashore to lay their eggs. 這次原油泄漏事件對脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來的嚴(yán)重破壞會持續(xù)很多年，甚至數(shù)十年。被石油污染的海灘很難被清理干凈。更糟糕的是，泄漏的石油對海灘造成污染的時間正是海鳥筑巢和海龜游到岸上孵蛋的季節(jié)。 Even worse is the effect the oil spill could have on sensitive salt marshes and mangrove coastlines, which would be practically

50、 impossible to clean and that some fear might be permanently destroyed (3) These wetlands are considered the nurseries for the fishing and seafood industry and are a vital habitat and breeding ground for many species of wildlife. Because they cover much more land area than beaches, the risk oftheir

51、exposure to damage is greatly increased. 還有更糟的事情，石油污染還可能影響敏感的濕地和紅樹林海岸，而這將是幾乎不可能被清理干凈的，有些人甚至擔(dān)心這將是永久性的毀壞。這些濕地是捕魚業(yè)和水產(chǎn)品工業(yè)的搖籃，也是多種野生動物的棲息地和繁殖地。由于這些濕地面積遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于海灘的面積，所以它們面臨破壞的風(fēng)險就大大增加了。 Fully 98 percent of the fish and shellfish harvested in the Gulf of Mexico depend on estuaries, which are coastal waters wher

52、e freshwater from rivers and streams mix with sea water. Estuaries are dependant on wetlands for their water quality and to provide a basis for aquatic food chains. Many species depend on wetlands for food, shelter and breeding. 在墨西哥灣捕獲的魚類和貝類中足有98%依靠河口生存，這些河口就是江河與海水匯合的地方。而河口又依賴于濕地保證其水的質(zhì)量并為水產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈提供基礎(chǔ)

53、。濕地是很多物種覓食、棲息和繁殖的場所。 The waters of the Gulf of Mexico are homes to hundreds of species of aquatic1ife. The longer the oil fouls the water, the more polluted the food chain becomes, which could result in large fish kills and seafood too contaminated for consumption. 墨西哥灣水域也是成百上千種水棲動物的家園。石油對海水造成污染的時間越

54、長，水產(chǎn)品食物鏈被污染的程度就會越大，這最終會造成大量的魚類死亡以及水產(chǎn)品被嚴(yán)重污染而無法食用。閱讀理解1. In the first sentence "President Obama voiced the concems ofcountless scientists." what does the word "voice" mean?答案：Voice here means“to express an idea of”2 How long could the damage to the ecosystem last?答案：The damage to t

55、he ecosystem could last decades.3.How important are the wetlands to the wildlife?答案：The wetlands are a vital habitat and breeding ground for many species of wildlife.4.Why are estuaries dependent on wetlands?答案：Estuaries are dependant on wetlands for their water quality and to provide a basis for aq

56、uatic food chains.5.How will the oil spill affect the seafood in the Gulf of Mexico?答案：Many fish will die and the seafood will be too contaminated for consumption.第六篇 Green Computers“綠色電腦 Computer manufacturers, chipmakers and software companies are developing"greener' products for environm

57、entally conscious consumers. While some tech companies are developing more energy-efficient product lines， others are releasing software to make existing computers consume less. And -electronics manufacturers are expanding ways to make -new computers out- of recycled materials, as well as encourage

58、customers to recycle old machines. Consumers'may pay a slight premium for some eco-friendly electronics, but .many prices will be comparable with traditional offerings. 目前，電腦生產(chǎn)商、芯片制造者和軟件公司都紛紛開發(fā)“綠色”產(chǎn)品來滿足那些環(huán)保意識強(qiáng)烈的消費(fèi)者的需求。一些科技公司開發(fā)了更節(jié)能的生產(chǎn)線，還有一些公司推出了減少現(xiàn)有電腦耗電量的軟件。電子制造企業(yè)不斷擴(kuò)展工藝?yán)醚h(huán)材料生產(chǎn)新電腦，并鼓勵消費(fèi)者循環(huán)利用舊電腦。某些環(huán)保類電子產(chǎn)品可能需要消費(fèi)者多花些錢，但仍有很多環(huán)保電腦的價格跟傳統(tǒng)電腦差不多。 Several factors are pushing companies to be greener. Many want to stay ahead of environmental legislation and to gamer favor with green investors. And with energy prices high, they are trying to appeal to peop