高中英語語法動詞不定式演示教學(xué)

1、第一頁，共37頁。Grammar一一 動詞不定式動詞不定式 動詞不定式由動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形動詞原形”構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成，可以在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語可以在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語(dngy)、狀語、補足語等、狀語、補足語等,但不能作謂但不能作謂語。語。第二頁，共37頁。動詞動詞(dngc)不定不定式式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She c

2、ame here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語主語(zhy) 賓語賓語(bny)表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補賓補第三頁，共37頁。作主語作主語(zhy)To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.當今掌握一門外語真的當今掌握一門外語真的(zhn de)很重要。很重要。2. 放棄放棄(fngq)吸煙是對的。吸煙是對的。第四

3、頁，共37頁。作賓語作賓語(bny)Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 沒有錢，所以他決定沒有錢，所以他決定(judng)找一找一份工作。份工作。2. 他答應(yīng)他答應(yīng)(d yng)不告述任何人這事。不告述任何人這事。第五頁，共37頁。afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, det

4、ermine, expect, fail, get, guarantee, hate, help, hope, hurry, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish The following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive. Remember!第六頁，共37頁。 The following verbs are normally followed by v-i

5、ng. avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant helpRemember them!第七頁，共37頁。作表語作表語(bioy)My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作我的工作(gngzu)是是教英語。教英語。2. 眼見為實。眼見為實。第八頁，共37頁。作定

6、語作定語(dngy)Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什么你有什么(shn me)要說的嗎要說的嗎?2. Betty是第一個知道是第一個知道(zh do)這真相的人這真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth第九頁，共37頁。It seems that he has no pen _ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with 注意(zh y)如果作定語的不定式是不及物動詞如果作定語的不定式是不及物動詞(j w dn c)，其后應(yīng)加上必要的介詞其后應(yīng)

7、加上必要的介詞Eg. He is a pleasant person to work with.第十頁，共37頁。不定式作定語，往往不定式作定語，往往(wngwng)表示將表示將要發(fā)生的動作。要發(fā)生的動作。I have a lot of work to do.The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.注意(zh y)第十一頁，共37頁。作狀語作狀語(zhungy)He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im

8、too tired to walk any further tonight.目的目的(md)狀語狀語.原因原因(yunyn)狀狀語語.結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語第十二頁，共37頁。目的狀語目的狀語: 常用的結(jié)構(gòu)常用的結(jié)構(gòu)(jigu)to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc.I come here to say good-bye to you.結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語: 常與常與only , enough 或或too連用。連用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough t

9、o go to school.原因狀語原因狀語: 一般用在句尾一般用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.第十三頁，共37頁。作賓補作賓補She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在這兒她叫我呆在這兒(zhr)。2.請允許請允許(ynx)我介紹我介紹Mr. White給給你們。你們。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.第十四頁，共37頁。1) 帶帶to的不定式作賓補。很多動詞的不定式作賓補。很多動詞(dngc)如如: allow, order, forc

10、e, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等后面作賓補的不定式都帶等后面作賓補的不定式都帶to。 第十五頁，共37頁。如如: He didnt allow us to smoke in his house.他不允許我們在他的家里吸煙。他不允許我們在他的家里吸煙。2) 不帶不帶to的不定式作賓補。使役動詞的不定式作賓補。使役動詞(dngc)make, have, let;感官動詞感官動詞(dngc)see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面作賓補的不定式不帶等后面作賓補

11、的不定式不帶to。如如: He made a face and made everybody laugh. 他他做了一個鬼臉做了一個鬼臉, 逗得大家都笑了。逗得大家都笑了。第十六頁，共37頁。 如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài), ,不定不定式就由原來的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語式就由原來的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語, ,此時此時(c sh)(c sh)第第2 2類動詞類動詞(let, have(let, have無被動無被動語態(tài)語態(tài)) )后原來不帶后原來不帶toto的不定式要加的不定式要加toto。如如:I saw him go upstairs. :I saw him go up

12、stairs. He was seen to go upstairs. He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看見他上樓去了。有人看見他上樓去了。Be careful!注意注意(zh y) :第十七頁，共37頁。動詞動詞(dngc)不定式不定式的時態(tài)的時態(tài)1. He seems to know this.2. I hope to see you next week. 一般一般(ybn)式式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）表示的動作（狀態(tài)）與句子謂語的動作與句子謂語的動作同時（或幾乎同時）同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生發(fā)生(fshng)，或，或

13、之后發(fā)生之后發(fā)生(fshng)。第十八頁，共37頁。.進行進行(jnxng)式式( to be doing)1.He pretended to be working when I came in.2. He seems to be thinking deeply,without noticing me passing him.表示謂語表示的動作表示謂語表示的動作(dngzu)（情況）發(fā)生（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動時，不定式所表示的動作作(dngzu)正在進行。正在進行。動詞動詞(dngc)不定式不定式的時態(tài)的時態(tài)第十九頁，共37頁。動詞動詞(dngc)不定式不定式的時態(tài)的時態(tài).完成完成(

14、wn chng)式（式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.不定式的動作不定式的動作發(fā)生發(fā)生(fshng)在在謂語表示的動謂語表示的動作之前。作之前。第二十頁，共37頁。動詞動詞(dngc)不定式的語不定式的語態(tài)態(tài).主動式主動式( to do / to be doing /to have done)1. We want to learn English well.2.Robert is said_

15、abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.to have studied B.to studyC. made D. to make當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示(biosh)的動作的執(zhí)行者時的動作的執(zhí)行者時.第二十一頁，共37頁。動詞動詞(dngc)不定式的不定式的語態(tài)語態(tài).被動式被動式( to be done / to have been done)1. He didnt like to be laughed at.2. He claimed _in the supermarket when

16、he was doing shopping yesterday.being badly treated B.treating badlyA. C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示(biosh)的動作的承受者時的動作的承受者時.第二十二頁，共37頁。注意注意(zh y) A. 動詞動詞(dngc)不定式的否定式只須在不定式的否定式只須在to 前加前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teache

17、r told us not to be late again.否定否定(fudng)副詞副詞not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于to前前My mother told me never to do it again.第二十三頁，共37頁。注意注意(zh y)B. 動詞不定式之后可加疑動詞不定式之后可加疑問詞，通常問詞，通常(tngchng)做做主語，賓語。主語，賓語。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?第二十四頁，共37頁。注意注意(

18、zh y)C. 作簡短回答或避免不必要的作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時，動詞不定式常常重復(fù)時，動詞不定式常常(chngchng)省去省去to 后面的動后面的動詞，只保留詞，只保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。第二十五頁，共37頁。1. The light in t

19、he office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C.having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help _the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned練習(xí)練習(xí)(linx)第二十六頁，共37頁。3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of spea

20、k B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen第二十七頁，共37頁。5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? -_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To g

21、et D. To be getting6.Would you be so kind as us out? -With pleasure. A. helping B. in helping C. help D. to help第二十八頁，共37頁。7 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating8. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. hav

22、ing met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning第二十九頁，共37頁。10. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 11. Robert is said _ abroad,

23、but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying第三十頁，共37頁。高考高考(o ko)鏈接鏈接1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008全國全國(qun u)I卷卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathedB 第三十一

24、頁，共37頁。2. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京北京(bi jn)卷卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding3. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京北京(bi jn)卷卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomedA C 第三十二頁，共37頁。4. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南卷湖南卷) A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete5. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008上海卷上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing C. done