汽車檢測(cè)與診斷設(shè)備課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

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16、ay, theangMayor alsoattended themeeting and deliveredan importantspeein themidst, hope goodgrasp ofimpl汽車檢測(cè)與診斷設(shè)備課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程名稱：汽車檢測(cè)與診斷設(shè)備課程編號(hào)：Z課程類別：職業(yè)能力課適用專業(yè)：汽車技術(shù)服務(wù)與營(yíng)銷、汽車檢測(cè)與維修技術(shù)學(xué) 時(shí)： 45 學(xué)時(shí)學(xué) 分： 2.5 學(xué)分一、課程的性質(zhì)本課程是汽車技術(shù)服務(wù)與營(yíng)銷專業(yè)的一門選修專業(yè)課程，是學(xué)生運(yùn)用其它專業(yè)課程解決問(wèn)題的手段。其目標(biāo)是要求掌握汽車檢測(cè)設(shè)備使用與維護(hù)的基本知識(shí)、合理選用檢測(cè)設(shè)備，用科學(xué)的方法檢查汽車的安全環(huán)抱性能，對(duì)車輛不解體

17、進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，是其他專業(yè)課程知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用基。二、設(shè)計(jì)思路課程設(shè)計(jì)的總體思路：汽車技術(shù)發(fā)展很快，汽車檢測(cè)維修設(shè)備也是日新月異，汽車維修行業(yè)正在發(fā)生革命性的變化，傳統(tǒng)的以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主的檢測(cè)模式將被迅速淘汰，取而代之的將是先通過(guò)儀器對(duì)汽車進(jìn)行檢測(cè)診斷，再確定修理項(xiàng)目和作業(yè)深度的科學(xué)維修方式。為此，及時(shí)修訂培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃，實(shí)施動(dòng)態(tài)更新，使得教學(xué)內(nèi)容能夠反映汽車技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，將成熟的、最新的汽車檢測(cè)診斷技術(shù)傳授給學(xué)生。本課程全部利用多媒體教學(xué)，提高授課效率，由具有企業(yè)豐富操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師主講，除了大綱要求內(nèi)容，還增加部分新知識(shí)新工藝新設(shè)備進(jìn)行講座。并能將多年的操作檢測(cè)設(shè)備經(jīng)驗(yàn)很好地融入到教學(xué)中，使課程體系更為完善。

18、逐步形成了以課堂教學(xué)為主、實(shí)驗(yàn)室有計(jì)劃開(kāi)放為輔的課程教學(xué)模式。三、課程目標(biāo)培養(yǎng)企業(yè)需要人才，強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生動(dòng)手能力和解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力。汽車檢測(cè)設(shè)備與維修是汽車技術(shù)服務(wù)與營(yíng)銷專業(yè)專業(yè)的一門綜合實(shí)踐課，學(xué)生通過(guò)在校期間扎實(shí)的知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和技能培養(yǎng)，為順利就業(yè)、走向工作崗位打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。汽車實(shí)驗(yàn)室是學(xué)院重點(diǎn)建設(shè)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，擁有先進(jìn)的教學(xué)設(shè)備和檢測(cè)儀器。學(xué)生通過(guò)實(shí)踐，不僅強(qiáng)化了理論知識(shí)，同時(shí)鍛煉了故障診斷、檢測(cè)與排除能力。實(shí)踐教學(xué)與理論教學(xué)同步進(jìn)行，有機(jī)結(jié)合。職業(yè)能力培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)：初步具有汽車性能檢測(cè)站工位設(shè)置及工藝布局的能力；初步具有汽車性能檢測(cè)站管理的能力。能正確使用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)綜合分析儀測(cè)定發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率；能夠?qū)ζ?/p>

19、車底盤(pán)測(cè)功機(jī)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)無(wú)負(fù)荷測(cè)功機(jī)進(jìn)行檢定和維修ndstea dfastness.And expli citly putforward the"surrounding situation,payattenti onto im plementati on" isthe core ofgovernme nt offices, re quiri ng governme ntde partments at all lev els cannot be "Gramophone", "mailroom" and"theMessenger&q

20、uot; is notconfine dtopaper communicati ons,yinglaisongwa ngand upl oad i ssue.M ustto has strongly of implementation consciousne ss,t hisis Governme nt Office sectorfirst bit oftask,tofirst,and isduty-bound, insisted reported tr uth,a ndtold trut h,and outconfess,a nd dofacts,and pragmatic effect,p

21、utwork ofto pointsreal put to re search sol ution reform devel opmentsta ble i n theofmajorproblemShang, puttorese arch sol ution ma sses productionl ife inthe ofurgentpr oblemShang, puttore search sol ution worki nthe exi stsofhig hlightpr oblemS hang,puta n endtoto Conf erence implement Conference

22、 ,tofile implementation file, never canmakes superior ofdeci sion andde ployme ntina "impleme ntation" Losti nthe sound.System Office oftheGovernmentsect ormusttake thelea d in partyand Gover nment policies,t hedepl oymentand carry outspecifi ctargets,inthe im plementation efforts,forexamp

23、le on the implementation,onthe implementationofaperformance.City GovernmentSystemOfficetoseriously implement implementati on national,and Provi nce Gover nment systemSecretary-Ge neralOf ficeDirector Conferencespirit,a ccordi ngtoaround overall, graspimplementation thi s ageneralre quireme nts,i nsi

24、sted reform i nnovati on,furt herchangema nagementconce pt,and management functions,and managementsystem and management method;insiste d quality first,ensure forled, and for grass -root s,and for masses provi des qualityefficientservice; insi stedstri ctlyrule politica l,efforts constructiona suppor

25、t politicalfirm, andbusiness master,and service politicalclean, and style excelle nt ofOffice team.Concretework,and must dealwit h"three relationshi ps": one i stoha ndlewellthe relationship betwee n passiveada ptation anda ctive servi ce. Office servi ce functionsto thepassiveaspect ofits

26、 work,whi chre quire s us t o host leadw hena ctionmustbestrictlyin accorda ncewiththe intenti ons andrequirements for leader ship, work withint he limits ofdelegated authority, not offside,participati on i nthe interventi on,and not de cision-making, coordination i s notcontemplate d.Meanwhile, Off

27、iceworka ndmustbe comemore conscious,give full playtot he initiative and w orktosomeforese eable , be proa ctive,pre pared,thinki ng a head, provi ding i nformation, active lea dership,refle ctthe situation,a head ofgoodresear ch, ref ere nce poi nt, inkey place sto promote overallefficiency.Second,

28、tohandlethe relationship betwee n admini strative servi ces a ndtransaction servi ces.Admini strativeservice s andServi cesOffice servi cescompleme nt thetw oaspect s ofthejob.Administrative services ist hecore se rvicei sguarante ed. Note t hat com bine s both,a dheretogover nment servicea sthe mai

29、 n line,the Chief urns ar ound t heoverall situati on, turns aroundthe distri ct.Onone hand,willatta chthre ea repre sentative" importantthoughtfor guide,effortsada pted newsit uation, andnewtask,andnewre quireme nts,tightly ar ound city reformdevel opment of能正確使用制動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)、車輪側(cè)滑檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)、前照燈檢測(cè)儀、車速表試驗(yàn)臺(tái)；能夠進(jìn)

30、 行制動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)、車輪側(cè)滑檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)、前照燈檢測(cè)儀、車速表試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的安裝和維修；能夠進(jìn) 行汽車前照燈光軸偏斜量的調(diào)整；能夠?qū)ζ囍苿?dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)、車輪側(cè)滑檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)、前照燈檢 測(cè)儀、車速表試驗(yàn)臺(tái)檢定和調(diào)整。掌握煙度計(jì)的使用方法和維護(hù)能夠熟練使用車輪平衡儀檢測(cè)輪胎的動(dòng)平衡；正確使用檢測(cè)站計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的操作系統(tǒng)：四、課程內(nèi)容和要求根據(jù)上述的課程目標(biāo)，本課程建議課時(shí)為 45學(xué)時(shí)。學(xué)分為2.5分。主要內(nèi)容如下ed. s xp c y.su-.g .tieiige-se-.g .ee e _a l eeic.-i a L Messgi ife tou cats .ye c- scf L.es .li LfLfl LiLig

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34、-i . i- - e-L L iLd c s-e-ii- s .l .-avis- a-aLg l.-e-hH ae s-l. - lG. i-a lw-lliw-lsl oif-cf- -g -g cae .i a a a .aL-La- -it - -gcsig -iLL-aag i-c- sv - Lf.see- es is L - sxage序號(hào)教學(xué)內(nèi)容（工作任務(wù)、教學(xué)單元或模塊）學(xué)習(xí)情景任務(wù)目標(biāo)參考課時(shí)1概述了解國(guó)內(nèi)外汽車檢 測(cè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展；了 解我國(guó)汽車性能檢 測(cè)技術(shù)的概況及發(fā) 展方向；正確理解 我國(guó)汽車檢測(cè)的管 理規(guī)定；熟悉汽車 性能檢測(cè)站的類 型、工位設(shè)置及工 藝布局；了解計(jì)算

35、 機(jī)技術(shù)在汽車檢測(cè) 站的應(yīng)用。初步具有汽車性能 檢測(cè)站工位設(shè)置及 上2布局的能力； 初步具有汽車性能 檢測(cè)站管理的能 力。32汽車動(dòng)力性檢測(cè)設(shè)備了解汽車底盤(pán)測(cè)功 機(jī)的類型；理解汽 車底盤(pán)測(cè)功機(jī)的工 作原理；掌握汽車 底盤(pán)測(cè)功機(jī)的結(jié) 構(gòu)；了解發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)無(wú) 負(fù)荷測(cè)功機(jī)的類 型、結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原 理；了解汽車底盤(pán) 測(cè)功機(jī)的檢定規(guī) 程。能夠進(jìn)行汽車底盤(pán) 測(cè)功機(jī)的安裝和操 作；能夠?qū)ζ嚨?盤(pán)測(cè)功機(jī)進(jìn)行故障 診斷和排除；能正 確使用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)綜合 分析儀測(cè)定發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 功率；能夠?qū)ζ?底盤(pán)測(cè)功機(jī)、發(fā)動(dòng) 機(jī)無(wú)負(fù)荷測(cè)功機(jī)進(jìn) 行檢定和維修。63汽車燃油消耗儀了解汽車燃油經(jīng)濟(jì) 性的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)和檢 測(cè)方法；了解汽車 油耗儀的類型

36、和結(jié) 構(gòu)；掌握油耗儀的 工作原理；掌握車用油耗儀的 使用方法和維修。能夠熟練使用汽車 燃油消耗儀測(cè)量汽 車的耗油量；能進(jìn) 行汽車燃油消耗儀 的維修。64汽車安全性檢測(cè)設(shè)備了解汽車制動(dòng)性的 檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目、檢測(cè)標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)及檢測(cè)方法：掌 握汽車制動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái) 的結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理； 了解制動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)數(shù) 顯儀表的結(jié)構(gòu)、工 作原理；熟悉車輪 側(cè)滑檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)的類型 和結(jié)構(gòu)；了解前照 燈檢測(cè)儀的類型和 工作原理；掌握車 速表試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu) 和工作原理。能正確使用制動(dòng)試 驗(yàn)臺(tái)、車輪側(cè)滑檢 驗(yàn)臺(tái)、前照燈檢 測(cè)儀、車速表試驗(yàn) 臺(tái)；能夠進(jìn)行制動(dòng) 試驗(yàn)臺(tái)、車輪側(cè)滑 檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)、前照燈檢 測(cè)儀、車速表試驗(yàn) 臺(tái)的安裝和維修； 能夠進(jìn)行汽車前照 燈光

37、軸偏斜量的調(diào) 整；能夠?qū)ζ囍?動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)、車輪側(cè) 滑檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)、前照燈 檢測(cè)儀、車速表試 驗(yàn)臺(tái)檢定和調(diào)整。65汽車環(huán)保檢測(cè)設(shè)備了解排放污染物的 主要來(lái)源及檢測(cè)方 法；熟悉汽油機(jī)廢 氣分析儀和柴油機(jī) 煙度計(jì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 和原理；了解聲級(jí) 計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和原理； 理解煙度計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu) 和工作原理。掌握聲級(jí)計(jì)的使用 方法和維護(hù)；掌握 煙度計(jì)的使用方法 和維護(hù)；能夠進(jìn)行 廢氣分析儀的使用 和維修；能夠?qū)ζ?油機(jī)廢氣分析儀常 見(jiàn)故障進(jìn)行分析和 檢測(cè)。6nd sea d - ne- And exl war. the 'rroudng siu.on-ay ate p- eai on" req.ig ”me

38、s a 1l- "Gaa."the cmmucaions oad issue M ust to I- - ngly of mp - entaton Govetor tasktis, a. s pore truh, a .d - pragma. 1-1,pu wk pu toe -c sl uin ”.- opmet s- lie rprob -Shangpu tor- arc torewk a n ed t to Cnfeece mp - etCnfe一 , to fie impl_e.".*.-. ca m_ el sin a ntaion"Los S

39、ysemOl- of Ie secor must t the lea di ”y a. Gove he6汽車行駛系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)設(shè)備了解車輪動(dòng)/、平衡 的概念；熟悉車輪 平衡儀的類型、結(jié) 構(gòu)和工作原理，了 解汽車懸掛檢驗(yàn)臺(tái) 結(jié)構(gòu)類型、結(jié)構(gòu)和 工，了解四輪定位 儀作用、測(cè)量原理 和類型；掌握四輪 定位儀的結(jié)構(gòu)和工 作原理。能夠熟練使用車輪 平衡儀檢測(cè)輪胎的 動(dòng)平衡；能夠?qū)?輪平衡儀進(jìn)行檢 修；掌握懸掛檢驗(yàn) 臺(tái)的使用和維護(hù)； 掌握四輪定位儀的 安裝、使用和維護(hù)； 基本掌握汽車懸掛 檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)和四輪定位 檢測(cè)儀使用；能夠 對(duì)車輪平衡儀常見(jiàn) 故障進(jìn)行診斷和維 修。67檢測(cè)站計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)熟悉檢測(cè)站計(jì)算機(jī) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)系

40、統(tǒng)的配置； 了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的結(jié) 構(gòu)形式。正確使用檢測(cè)站計(jì) 算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的操作系 統(tǒng)：掌握檢測(cè)站計(jì) 算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的維 護(hù)。68實(shí)習(xí)車博士 30解碼儀， 大眾診斷軟件，優(yōu) 利德汽車多用表，診斷座431Z檢測(cè)佳美全車 電器，別克自動(dòng)空 調(diào)，自動(dòng)變速器控制系統(tǒng)，6總課時(shí)45五、實(shí)施建議1 .教材選用或編寫(xiě)建議a.依據(jù)本課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選用教材，教材應(yīng)充分體現(xiàn)任務(wù)引領(lǐng)、實(shí)踐導(dǎo)向課程的設(shè)計(jì)思 想。b.教材應(yīng)將本專業(yè)職業(yè)活動(dòng)，分解成若干典型的工作項(xiàng)目，按完成工作項(xiàng)目的需 要和崗位操作規(guī)程，結(jié)合職業(yè)技能證書(shū)考證組織教材內(nèi)容。c.教材應(yīng)圖文并茂，提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，加深學(xué)生對(duì)汽車底盤(pán)維修作業(yè)的認(rèn)識(shí) 和理解。教材表達(dá)必須精煉、

41、準(zhǔn)確、科學(xué)。新工藝及時(shí)地d.教材內(nèi)容應(yīng)體現(xiàn)先進(jìn)性、通用性、實(shí)用性，要將本專業(yè)新技術(shù)納入教材，使教材更貼近本專業(yè)的發(fā)展和實(shí)際rfn o教材中的活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容要具體，并具有可操作性。2 .教學(xué)方法建議yme cct y ac - -ages - _ .su u digl - -xl - b-a-o -sfcs eu g g ecam a-MissgiI l fuais- wk w- - d - ie s re -m-ra- ra-yfse r-aye e l w a- -erel a- - j-rI2 -erc iau-i x-ledis- - aea- - u l g rWe - a c d s

42、 kg src a er-s a-ngd-I - e- -c e l-ael-ee-Mia he -c- c r-u -o s- e -u caGor I se c ea- cc s gr-l-g rljc - g-i g ce- -r-ll - y Goe I-clcli - e - l d -g-al e I as y- -a-arc dei gl c I e-ia gi g-c u a- a - wk 3 -ga ga ssi mu-I I - kesealg as- gi. 一-a-o c u s-cc e-s cry a.ea c su g ea -g- a-oTwq -e - e

43、- mu I c a g , _ . _ - Goe i-a-lg-I-rl is-ilc- a-ea g esagee -c ifi c-s - I s - -g I e r- u aese l -cid-a a c u w ae- srd a-s -m-g g Ie I s. . -wA u de- ea u -d-sa s -一. -ees s v - i li-s-g- c- c - la-.1- cae rI a a a ca-i-la- - i-l -Sacs e de. gasa s- e r-c-l -c.-r-r Icu-y rlL i.一 ig u- esahl-e dc

44、- u ge a g u-a c s -Ises c s -c sg -i-ur-l a-ce-a a eg a-ar eeaes-c -x-e-E -ls I ag Ic- s r l-c a c d a-o u - s-c I scgua- e N-di- uc c lc -o ale-g -ge gc y cylgs sr g ui c I-c.efet- es is l sisl xll-c e. . . .-i-gri i -s fo m j-c. .I- e- age-I-d cl -e iv- l e- l-aa-a- -i aa kes ac-I Iei -asycr I- c

45、 -ci- cuc-ossrsc - _ -Id-I-afcs -k e elH>aes- c -e-ci y cGoruI ak- s-g-W-.-ea-I-W-I-m irs-cc -renderi ng atmosphere i nrece ntyears, citygover nmentsystem Officetoa.在教學(xué)過(guò)程中，應(yīng)采用任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目教學(xué)，以工作任務(wù)引領(lǐng)提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣， 激發(fā)學(xué)生的成就動(dòng)機(jī)。b.在教學(xué)過(guò)程中，要應(yīng)用多媒體、投影等教學(xué)資源輔助教學(xué)，幫助學(xué)生熟悉汽車底盤(pán)各總成的工作原理及拆裝維護(hù)要點(diǎn)。c.在教學(xué)過(guò)程中，要重視本專業(yè)領(lǐng)域新技術(shù)、新工藝發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，貼近作

46、業(yè)實(shí)際。為學(xué)生提供職業(yè)生涯發(fā)展的空間，努力培養(yǎng)學(xué)生參與社會(huì)實(shí)踐的創(chuàng)新精神和職業(yè)能力。d 教學(xué)過(guò)程中教師應(yīng)積極引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提升職業(yè)素養(yǎng)，提高職業(yè)道德。3 .教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)建議a.改革傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)生評(píng)價(jià)手段和方法，采用階段評(píng)價(jià)，過(guò)程性評(píng)價(jià)與目標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合，項(xiàng)目評(píng)價(jià)，理論與實(shí)踐一體化評(píng)價(jià)模式。b.關(guān)注評(píng)價(jià)的多元性，結(jié)合課堂提問(wèn)、學(xué)生作業(yè)、平時(shí)測(cè)驗(yàn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)訓(xùn)I、技能競(jìng)賽及考試情況，綜合評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生成績(jī)。c.應(yīng)注重學(xué)生動(dòng)手能力和實(shí)踐中分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題能力的考核，對(duì)在學(xué)習(xí)和應(yīng)用上有創(chuàng)新的學(xué)生應(yīng)予特別鼓勵(lì)，全面綜合評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生能力。4 .課程資源的開(kāi)發(fā)與利用a .注重實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)訓(xùn)指導(dǎo)書(shū)和實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)訓(xùn)教材的開(kāi)發(fā)和應(yīng)用。b.注重課程資源和

47、現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)資源的開(kāi)發(fā)和利用，這些資源有利于創(chuàng)設(shè)形象生動(dòng)的工作情景，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，促進(jìn)學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)的理解和掌握。同時(shí)，建議加強(qiáng)課程資源的開(kāi)發(fā)，建立多媒體課程資源的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)跨學(xué)校多媒體資源的共享，以提高課程資源利用效率。c.積極開(kāi)發(fā)和利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程資源，充分利用諸如電子書(shū)籍、電子期刊、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、數(shù)字圖書(shū)館、教育網(wǎng)站和電子論壇等網(wǎng)上信息資源，使教學(xué)從單一媒體向多種媒體轉(zhuǎn)變；教學(xué)活動(dòng)從信息的單向傳遞向雙向交換轉(zhuǎn)變；學(xué)生單獨(dú)學(xué)習(xí)向合作學(xué)習(xí)轉(zhuǎn)變。同時(shí)應(yīng)積極創(chuàng)造條件搭建遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)平臺(tái)，擴(kuò)大課程資源的交互空間。d 產(chǎn)學(xué)合作開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)訓(xùn)課程資源，充分利用本行業(yè)典型的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的資源，進(jìn)行產(chǎn)學(xué)合作，建立實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)

48、訓(xùn)基地，實(shí)踐“工學(xué)”交替，滿足學(xué)生的實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)訓(xùn)，同時(shí)為學(xué)生的就業(yè)創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)。5 .其它說(shuō)明本課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于廣州番禺職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院六、編制說(shuō)明1. 本課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由汽車教研室：崔正平、蘇保國(guó)，付小光陳鈺老師合作開(kāi)發(fā)2. 執(zhí)筆：李紹明3. 審核：崔正平4. 時(shí)間： 2008 年 10 月 4 日ndstea dfastness.And expli citly putforward the"surrounding situation,payattenti onto imdepl oymentand carrythe intentictargets,inthe implementation effor

49、ts,forexample on the im.plementati on" isthe core ofgovernme nt offices, re quiring governme ntde partments at all lev els cannot be "Gramophone", "mailroom" and"change functions,strengthened serviveplementation,onthe im not offside,participatince.City GovernmentSystemO

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55、ctionl ife inthe ofurgentpr oblemShang, puttore search sol ution worki nthe exi stsofhig hlightpr oblemS hang,puta n endtoto Conference implement Conference ,tofile implementation file, neverntthetw oaspect softhejob.Administrative services ist hecore sess master,andrvicei sguarantesthe maiork,and must dealwit h"three relationshiuerecommendationsprovide a basisforimpr ovinggover nmentlea dershi p.A bou