建筑類常見英語詞匯

1、建筑類常見英語詞匯a. DESIGN BASIS 設計依據(jù)b. DESIGN STAGE 設計階段c. CLIMATE CONDITION 氣象條件d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房間名稱e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚 f. WALL(CLADDING) 墻體(外墻板)g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地溝h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)門、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)樓梯、休息平臺及電梯j. BUILDING MATERIAL

2、 WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料詞匯及短語【 Bricks and Tiles 磚和瓦】【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂漿和混凝土】【Facing And Plastering Materials 飾面及粉刷材料】【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 瀝青和石棉】【Timber 木材】【Metallic Materials 金屬材料】【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金屬】【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蝕材料】 【Building

3、Hardware 建筑五金】【Paint 油漆】k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑術語【Discipline 專業(yè)】【Conventional Terms 一般通用名詞】【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role 職務名稱】【Drafting 制圖】a. DESIGN BASIS 設計依據(jù)計劃建議書 planning proposals設計任務書 design order標準規(guī)范standards and codes條件圖 information drawing設計基礎資料 basic data

4、for design工藝流程圖 process flowchart工程地質資料 engineering geological data原始資料 original data設計進度 schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 設計階段方案 scheme, draft草圖 sketch會談紀要summary of discussion談判 negotiation可行性研究 feasibility study初步設計 preliminary design基礎設計 basic design詳細設計 detail design詢價圖 enquiry drawing施工圖 w

5、orking drawing, construction drawing竣工圖 as built drawingc. CLIMATE CONDITION 氣象條件日照 sunshine風玫瑰 wind rose主導風向 prevailing wind direction最大(平均)風速 maximum (mean) wind velocity風荷載 wind load最大(平均)降雨量 maximum (mean) rainfall雷擊及閃電 thunder and lightning颶風 hurricane臺風 typhoon旋風 cyclone降雨強度rainfall intensity年

6、降雨量 annual rainfall濕球溫度 wet bulb temperature干球溫度 dry bulb temperature冰凍期 frost period冰凍線 frost line冰凍區(qū) frost zone室外計算溫度 calculating outdoor temperature采暖地區(qū) region with heating provision不采暖地區(qū) region without heating provision絕對大氣壓 absolute atmospheric pressure相對濕度 relative humidityd. GENERAL ROOM NAME

7、 常用房間名稱辦公室 office服務用房 service room換班室 shift room休息室 rest room (break room)起居室 living room浴室 bathroom淋浴間 shower更衣室 locker room廁所 lavatory 門廳 lobby診室 clinic工作間 workshop電氣開關室 switchroom走廊 corridor檔案室 archive電梯機房 lift motor room車庫 garage清潔間 cleaning room會議室(正式) conference room會議室 meeting room衣柜間 ward ro

8、be暖風間 H.V.A.C room飯店 restaurant餐廳 canteen, dining room廚房 kitchen入口 entrance接待處 reception area會計室 accountant room秘書室 secretary room電氣室 electrical room控制室 control room工長室 foreman office開關柜室 switch gear前室 antecabinet (Ante.)生產(chǎn)區(qū) production area馬達控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room化驗室 laboratory room經(jīng)理室 manager r

9、oom披 屋(閣樓) penthouse警衛(wèi)室 guard housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女兒墻 parapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水線 water-shed二氈三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油氈一層 extra ply of felt檐口 eave挑檐 overhanging eave檐溝 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管 downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W

10、.P)匯水面積 catchment area泛水 flashing內(nèi)排水 interior drainage外排水 exterior drainage滴水 drip屋面排水 roof drainage找平層 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檁條 purlin屋面板 roofing board天花板 ceiling board防水層 water-proof course檢查孔 inspection hole人孔 manhole 吊頂 suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗簾盒) cornicef. WA

11、LL (CLADDING) 墻體(外墻板)磚墻 brick wall砌塊墻 block wall清水磚墻 brick wall without plastering抹灰墻 rendered wall石膏板墻 gypsum board, plaster board空心磚墻 hollow brick wall承重墻 bearing wall非承重墻 non-bearing wall縱墻 longitudinal wall橫墻 transverse wall外墻 external (exterior) wall內(nèi)墻 internal (interior) wall填充墻 filler wall防火墻

12、 fire wall窗間墻 wall between window空心墻 cavity wall壓頂 coping圈梁 gird, girt, girth玻璃隔斷 glazed wall防潮層 damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮陽板 sunshade陽臺 balcony伸縮縫 expansion joint沉降縫 settlement joint抗震縫 seismic joint復合夾心板 sandwich board壓型單板 corrugated single steel plate外墻板 cladding panel復合板 composite panel輕質隔斷 ligh

13、t-weight partition牛腿 bracket磚煙囪 brick chimney勒腳(基座) plinthg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地溝 地坪 grade地面和樓面 ground and floor素土夯實 rammed earth爐渣夯實 tamped cinder填土 filled earth回填土夯實 tamped backfill墊層 bedding course, blinding面層 covering, finish結合層 bonding (binding) course找平層 leveling course素水泥漿結合層 neat cement bi

14、nding course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面 cement floor機器磨平混凝土地面 machine trowelled concrete floor水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring馬賽克地面 mosaic flooring 瓷磚地面 ceramic tile flooring油地氈地面 linoleum flooring預制水磨 石地面 precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring擱柵 joist硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongue

15、d and grooved flooring防酸地面 acid-resistant floor鋼筋混凝土樓板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring水磨石嵌條 divider strip for terrazzo地面做2坡 floor with 2% slope集水溝 gully集水口 gulley排水溝 drainage trench溝蓋板 trench cover活動蓋板 removable cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻邊 hole up stand電纜溝 cable trenchh. DOORS

16、,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)門、玻璃、窗及五金件木 (鋼)門 wooden (steel) door鑲板門 panelled door夾板門 plywood door鋁合金門 aluminum alloy door卷簾門 roller shutter door彈簧門 swing door推拉門 sliding door平開門 side-hung door折疊門 folding door旋轉門 revolving door玻璃門 glazed door密閉門 air-Tight door保溫門 thermal insulating door鍍鋅鐵絲

17、網(wǎng)門 galvanized steel wire mesh door防火門 fire door(大門上的)小門 wicket門框 door frame門扇 door leaf門洞 door opening結構開洞 structural opening單扇門 single door雙扇門 double door疏散門 emergency door紗門 screen door門檻 door sill 門過梁 door lintel上冒頭 top rail下冒頭 bottom rail門邊木 stile門樘側料 side jumb槽口 notch木窗 wooden window鋼窗 steel wi

18、ndow鋁合金窗 aluminum alloy window百葉窗 (通風為主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)塑鋼窗 plastic steel window空腹鋼窗 hollow steel window固定窗 fixed window平開窗 side-hung window推拉窗 sliding window氣窗 transom上懸窗 top-hung window中懸窗 center-pivoted window下懸窗 hopper window活動百葉窗 adjustable louver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormer

19、window密封雙層玻璃 sealed double glazing鋼筋混凝土過梁 reinforced concrete lintel鋼筋磚過梁 reinforced brick lintel窗扇 casement sash窗臺 window sill窗臺板 window board窗中梃 mullion 窗橫木 mutin窗邊木 stile壓縫條 cover mould窗簾盒 curtain box合頁(鉸鏈) hinge (butts)轉軸 pivot長腳鉸鏈 parliament hinge閉門器 door closer地彈簧 floor closer插銷 bolt門鎖 door lo

20、ck拉手 pull鏈條 chain門鉤 door hanger碰球 ball latch窗鉤 window catch暗插銷 insert bolt電動開關器 electric opener平板玻璃 plate glass夾絲玻璃 wire glass透明玻璃 clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防彈玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸熱玻璃 heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃 polished glass著色玻璃 pigmented glass玻璃瓦 glass tile玻璃

21、磚 glass block有機玻璃 organic glassI. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 樓梯、休息平臺及電梯樓梯 stair樓梯間 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋轉梯 spiral stair (circular stair)吊車梯 crane ladder直爬梯 vertical ladder踏步 step扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)踏步板 tread檔步板 riser踏步寬度 tread width防滑條 non-slip insert (strips)欄桿 railing (balust

22、rade)平臺欄桿 platform railing吊裝孔欄桿 railing around mounting hole扶手 handrail梯段高度 height of flight防護梯籠 protecting cage (safety cage)平臺 landing (platform)操作平臺 operating platform裝卸平臺 platform for loading & unloading樓梯平臺 stair landing客梯 passenger lift貨梯 goods lift客/貨兩用梯 goods/passenger lift液壓電梯 hydraulic lif

23、t自動扶梯 escalator觀光電梯 observation elevator電梯機房 lift mortar room電梯坑 lift pit電梯井道 lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料詞匯及短語Bricks and Tiles 磚和瓦紅磚 red brick粘土磚 clay brick瓷磚 glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火磚 fire brick空心磚 hollow brick面磚 facing brick地板磚 flooring tile缸磚 clinkery brick馬賽克 mosai

24、c陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦 glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦 corrugated asbestos cement sheetLime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏 gypsum大理石 marble漢白玉 white marble花崗巖 granite碎石 crushed stone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠巖 pearlite水磨石 terrazzo卵石 cobble礫石 gravel粗砂 course sand中砂 medium san

25、d細砂 fine sandCement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂漿和混凝土波特蘭水泥(普通硅酸鹽水泥) Portland cement硅酸鹽水泥 silicate cement火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement白水泥 white cement水泥砂漿 cement mortar石灰砂漿 lime mortar水泥石灰砂漿(混合砂漿) cement-lime mortar保溫砂漿 thermal mortar防水砂漿 water-proof mortar耐酸砂漿 acid-resistant mortar耐堿砂漿 alkaline-resistant mort

26、ar瀝青砂漿 bituminous mortar紙筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar灰縫 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete鋼筋混凝土 reinforced concrete輕質混凝土 lightweight concrete細石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete瀝青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete爐渣混凝土 cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 飾面及粉刷材料水刷

27、石 granitic plaster斬假石 artificial stone刷漿 lime wash可賽銀 casein大白漿 white wash麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base噴大白漿兩道 sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂漿 cement mortar plaster sectioned板條抹灰 lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 瀝青和石棉瀝青卷材 asphalt felt瀝青填料 asphalt filler瀝青膠泥 asphalt grout冷底子油 adhe

28、sive bitumen primer瀝青瑪啼脂 asphaltic mastic瀝青麻絲 bitumastic oakum石棉板 asbestos sheet石棉纖維 asbestos fiberTimber 木材裂縫 crack透裂 split環(huán)裂 shake干縮 shrinkage翹曲 warping原木 log圓木 round timber方木 square timber板材 plank木條 batten板條 lath木板 board紅松 red pine白松 white pine落葉松 deciduous pine云杉 spruce柏木 cypress白楊 white poplar樺

29、木 birch冷杉 fir櫟木 oak榴木 willow榆木 elm杉木 cedar柚木 teak樟木 camphor wood防腐處理的木材 preservative-treated lumber膠合板 plywood三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood企口板 tongued and grooved board層夾板 laminated plank膠合層夾木材 glue-laminated lumber纖維板 fiber-board竹子 bambooMetallic Materials 金屬材料黑色金屬 ferrous metal圓鋼 steelbBar方鋼 square steel扁鋼

30、steel strap,flat steel型鋼 steel section (shape)槽鋼 channel角鋼 angle steel等邊角鋼 equal-leg angle不等邊角鋼 unequal-leg angle工字鋼 I-beam寬翼緣工字鋼 wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字鋼 T-bar (Z-bar)冷彎薄壁型鋼 light gauge cold-formed steel shape熱軋 hot-rolled冷軋 cold-rolled冷拉 cold-drawn冷壓 cold-pressed合金鋼 alloy steel鈦合金 titanium alloy不

31、銹鋼 stainless steel竹節(jié)鋼筋 corrugated steel bar變形鋼筋 deformed bar光圓鋼筋 plain round bar鋼板 steel plate薄鋼板 thin steel plate低碳鋼 low carbon steel冷彎 cold bending鋼管 steel pipe (tube)無縫鋼管 seamless steel pipe焊接鋼管 welded steel pipe黑鐵管 iron pipe鍍鋅鋼管 galvanized steel pipe鑄鐵 cast iron生鐵 pig iron熟鐵 wrought iron鍍鋅鐵皮 gal

32、vanized steel sheet鍍鋅鐵絲 galvanized steel wire鋼絲網(wǎng) steel wire mesh多孔金屬網(wǎng) expanded metal錳鋼 managanese steel高強度合金鋼 high strength alloy steelNon-Ferrous Metal 有色金屬金 gold白金 platinum銅 copper黃銅 brass青銅 bronze銀 silver鋁 aluminum鉛 leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蝕材料聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene尼龍 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC (po

33、lyvinyl chloride)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate聚苯乙烯 polystyrene 丙烯酸樹酯 acrylic resin乙烯基酯 vinyl ester橡膠內(nèi)襯 rubber lining氯丁橡膠 neoprene瀝青漆 bitumen paint環(huán)氧樹脂漆 epoxy resin paint氧化鋅底漆 zinc oxide primer防銹漆 anti-rust paint耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint耐堿漆 alkali-resistant paint水玻璃 sodium silicate樹脂砂漿 resin-bonded mortar環(huán)氧樹脂 ep

34、oxy resinBuilding Hardware 建筑五金釘子 nails螺紋屋面釘spiral-threaded roofing nail環(huán)紋石膏板釘 annular-ring gypsum board nail螺絲 screws平頭螺絲 flat-head screw螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial bolt高強螺栓 high strength bolt預埋螺栓 insert bolt脹錨螺栓 cinch bolt墊片 washerPaint 油漆底漆 primer防銹底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint調(diào)和漆

35、mixed paint無光漆 flat paint透明漆 varnish銀粉漆 aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paint干性油 drying oil稀釋劑 thinner焦油 tar瀝青漆 asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil紅丹 red lead鉛油 lead oil膩子 puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑術語Discipline 專業(yè)建筑 architecture土木 civil給排水 water supply and drainage總圖 plot plan采暖通風 H.V.A.C

36、 (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)電力供應 electric power supply電氣照明 electric lighting電訊 telecommunication儀表 instrument熱力供應 heat power supply動力 mechanical power工藝 process technology管道 pipingConventional Terms 一般通用名詞建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architectural style民用建筑 civil architecture城市建筑 urban arc

37、hitecture農(nóng)村建筑 rural architecture農(nóng)業(yè)建筑 farm building工業(yè)建筑 industrial building重工業(yè)的 heavy industrial輕工業(yè)的 light industrial古代建筑 ancient architecture現(xiàn)代建筑 modern architecture標準化建筑 standardized buildings附屬建筑 auxiliary buildings城市規(guī)劃 city planning廠區(qū)內(nèi) within site廠區(qū)外 offsite封閉式 closed type開敞式 open type半開敞式 semi-o

38、pen type模數(shù)制 modular system單位造價 unit cost概算 preliminary estimate承包商 constructor, contractor現(xiàn)場 site擴建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic, quake-proof防腐 anti-corrosion防潮 dump-proof防水 water-proof防塵 dust-proof防銹 rust-proof車流量 traffic volume貨流量 freight traffic volume人流量 pedestrian v

39、olume透視圖 perspective drawing建筑模型 building modelArchitectural Physics 建筑物理照明 illumination照度 degree of illumination亮度 brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 natural lighting光強 light intensity側光 side light頂光 top light眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth輻射 radiation對流 convection傳導 conduction遮陽 sun-shade保溫 thermal insulation恒溫 consta

40、nt temperature恒濕 constant humidity噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音 sound absorption露點 dew point隔汽 vapor-proofName Of Professional role 職務名稱項目經(jīng)理 project manager (PM)設計經(jīng)理 design manager首席建筑師 principal architect總工程師 chief engineer土木工程師 civil engineer工藝工程師 process engineer電氣工程師 electrical engineer機械工程師 mechanic

41、al engineer計劃工程師 planning engineer助理工程師 assistant engineer實習生 probationer專家 specialist, expert制圖員 draftsman技術員 technicianDrafting 制圖總說明 general specification工程說明 project specification采用標準規(guī)范目錄 list of standards and specification adopted圖紙目錄 list of drawings平面圖 plan局部放大圖 detail with enlarged scale平面示意

42、圖 schematic plan of.平剖面圖 sectional plan of. 留孔平面圖 plan of provision of holes剖面 section縱剖面 longitudinal section橫剖面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透視圖 perspective drawing側立面 side elevation背立面 back elevation詳圖 detail drawings典型節(jié)點 typical detail節(jié)點號 detail No.首頁 front page圖紙目錄及說明 list of contents and description圖例 legend示意圖 diagram草圖 sketch荷載簡圖 load diagram流程示意圖 flow diagram標準圖 standard drawing布置圖 layout of .地形圖 topographical map土方工程圖 earth-work drawing展開圖 developed drawing模板圖 formwork drawing配筋 arrangement of reinforcement表格 tables工程進度表 working schedule技術經(jīng)濟指標 t