英語(yǔ)六級(jí)經(jīng)典長(zhǎng)難句分析

1、英語(yǔ)六級(jí)經(jīng)典長(zhǎng)難句分析（15句）1. This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive if they had to start from the beginning and learn about the world wholly by trial and error， for there are the have possible decisions which would prove fatal. （1992。 閱讀. 6。 Text 2）【譯文】這是個(gè)困難而又糟糕的事，因?yàn)槿绻麆?dòng)物出生后不

2、得不從頭學(xué)習(xí)生存本領(lǐng)，并且僅僅依靠嘗試錯(cuò)誤體驗(yàn)世界，那么只有極少數(shù)動(dòng)物能夠存活，因?yàn)樗鼈冏龀龅臎Q定有可能是致命的?！疚鼍洹繌?fù)合句。主句由and連接兩個(gè)并列句子組成，This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive， and前的句子是簡(jiǎn)單句，and后的句子后又跟有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句for there are decisions， decisions又有which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾。2。 Vigorous criticism is constructive in scie

3、nce more than in some other areas of human endeavor because in it there are adequate standards of validity which can be agreed upon by competent scientists the world over.(1992. 閱讀。 6. Text 3）【譯文】激烈的批評(píng)在科學(xué)界比在其他人類智慧領(lǐng)域更能起到建設(shè)性的作用，這是因?yàn)樵诳茖W(xué)世界里有足夠多的有效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被全世界的優(yōu)秀科學(xué)家們共同認(rèn)可?！疚鼍洹繌?fù)合句.主句Vigorous criticism is co

4、nstructive in science more than in some other areas of human endeavor，句中主要包含了比較級(jí),具體是介詞短語(yǔ)的比較級(jí)。主句后是原因狀語(yǔ)從句because there are adequate standards of validity，定語(yǔ)從句which can be agreed upon by。.。修飾standards of validity。3。 He's a historian of science at Massachusetts Institute of Technology who has discov

5、ered something else these two menand, indeed， most of the major pioneers in science over the last 400 yearshave in common： they were， like Sulloway himself， preceded in birth by at least one other brother or sister。 (1992。 閱讀。 6。 Text 4）【譯文】他是麻省理工學(xué)院的一名科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了這兩位科學(xué)家實(shí)際上也是過(guò)去400年里多數(shù)科學(xué)界領(lǐng)軍人物的共同點(diǎn)：那些人和S

6、ulloway自己一樣都至少由一個(gè)哥哥或姐姐?！疚鼍洹繌?fù)合句.主句Hes a historian of science at MIT，后面是定語(yǔ)從句who has discovered something else，these two men。.-have in common是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句修飾something else,破折號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容and most of the major pioneers.。作插入語(yǔ)。最后，引號(hào)后的句子是something else的具體內(nèi)容。4。 There are several steps that can be taken, of which

7、 the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people。 (1993. 閱讀。 6. Text 1）【譯文】可以采取若干措施，其中最主要的是要求所有宣稱保護(hù)動(dòng)物權(quán)益的組織明確表明他們?cè)诒┝σu擊事件中所持的立場(chǎng)?！疚鼍洹勘纠渲邪鄠€(gè)

8、層層相扣的從句。主句很簡(jiǎn)單，There are several steps,steps后緊跟有定語(yǔ)從句that can be taken， of which相當(dāng)于of several steps,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾several steps.而of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations。.。that。.。中，包含短語(yǔ)demand of sb that。,to demand of為不定式作表語(yǔ),all the organizations作demand of的間接賓語(yǔ),并且后面有that exist with th

9、e declared.。animals作定語(yǔ)從句修飾，demand的直接賓語(yǔ)是that賓語(yǔ)從句that they should declare where they stand on。.，where引導(dǎo)declare的賓語(yǔ)從句。5。 Thus， for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a s

10、tatistical probability of increased vitality and longevity。 (1993。 閱讀. 6. Text 4）【譯文】因此，對(duì)于那些有心保持生活數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的人來(lái)說(shuō)，個(gè)人的健康選擇應(yīng)該能夠反映那些從數(shù)據(jù)上顯示可能使人提高活力、延長(zhǎng)壽命的行為?！疚鼍洹繌?fù)合句。句首，for those individuals后有定語(yǔ)從句who are interested in preserving。.life修飾those individuals，句中是主句personal health choices should reflect those behavior

11、s,而behaviors后也有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾。主句前后都有從句修飾，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是對(duì)成的。6. A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classroom， beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times。 (1994。 閱讀

12、. 1. Text 3）【譯文】導(dǎo)師在某門課程上布置研究論文，并在不同階段進(jìn)行檢查,這能夠使你的學(xué)習(xí)超越課堂，超越課本，進(jìn)入到一個(gè)你能多次體會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)的樂(lè)趣的過(guò)程。【析句】復(fù)合句.主句是A research paper leads you beyond。,beyond。and into a process.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞leads后有多個(gè)并列的介詞短語(yǔ)。而assigned in a course and checked at。instructor是過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾a research paper，同時(shí)也是插入語(yǔ).最后，在a process后有where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾。7. In our cu

13、lture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery"feeling important and worthwhile-and the sources of what we call a sense “pleasure”-finding life enjoyable-are not always identical。 （1994. 閱讀. 1. Text 4）【譯文】在我們的文化中,我們常說(shuō)的“控制感"感覺自己很重要有價(jià)值,與“快樂(lè)感”發(fā)現(xiàn)生活的樂(lè)趣，它們的來(lái)源是不盡相同的?！疚鼍洹坷?句子看起來(lái)很長(zhǎng)，但結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜

14、。句子主干是the sources of。.。 and the sources of.are not always identical,有兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)the sources of,而兩個(gè)of后各有一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句what we call a sense of.。.同時(shí),主語(yǔ)后各有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞伴隨狀語(yǔ)，位于破折號(hào)后。8. Ironically， those things that keep us from knowing another person too well （e.g.， secrets and deceptions） may be just as important to

15、 the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e。g。， disclosure and truthful statements)。 (1995. 閱讀1。 1。 Text 1）【譯文】讓人感到諷刺的是，那些阻礙我們了解別人的東西（比如秘密和欺騙）對(duì)于培養(yǎng)令人滿意的友誼，或許與那些使我們準(zhǔn)確了解別人的東西(比如坦白和真話）同樣重要。【析句】復(fù)合句。主句是those things may be just a

16、s important to。.。as those things，包含了as。to sb/sth as。.比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。主語(yǔ)those things后有定語(yǔ)從句that keep us from knowing another person too well，而介詞賓語(yǔ)those things后也有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾，這樣就使得整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)前后對(duì)稱，工整順口。9。 Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relation

17、ships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. (1995。 閱讀。 6。 Text 2）【譯文】但是,有趣的是，比起長(zhǎng)相漂亮的人，長(zhǎng)相不美者的迅速成功更容易歸功于個(gè)人關(guān)系助力，而非能力卓越.【析句】這也是個(gè)比較句。比較結(jié)構(gòu)是the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to.。.and less to.。.than was that of。，比較的對(duì)象是the rise of the unattrac

18、tive overnight success與was that of attractive overnight success，其中that指代the rise。而比較的形式是動(dòng)詞詞組attribute to的比較級(jí)，且由and連接兩個(gè)并列的比較級(jí)。10。 In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however， and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects

19、 that a reverse order is more reasonable. (1995。 閱讀。 1. Text 3）【譯文】然而，從我們?cè)谶@幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域抽取樣本的能力來(lái)看，加上我們對(duì)這些領(lǐng)域的印象至少大體上是正確的，因此可以假設(shè)采用相反的順序更加合理?！疚鼍洹恐骶涫莖ne suspects+that賓語(yǔ)從句，in terms of是介詞短語(yǔ)，our capacity to sample.。and the probability。.是in terms ofd的并列的賓語(yǔ)。capacity后to sample the relevant universes為不定式作賓語(yǔ)，而the probab

20、ility后that our images of these universes are。.。correct是定語(yǔ)從句。注意,universes這里是“領(lǐng)域"的意思。11. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying， taking part in political activities, fighting and so on， is not very dissimilar from the m

21、ore sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience。 (1995。 閱讀. 1. Text 3)【譯文】即使是社會(huì)體系中作為收入、消費(fèi)、組織活動(dòng)、結(jié)婚、參加政治活動(dòng)、戰(zhàn)斗等日常行為的基礎(chǔ)的民俗知識(shí)，也與從社會(huì)科學(xué)中產(chǎn)生的更加復(fù)雜精密的社會(huì)系統(tǒng)圖像非常相似，即使這種社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)是有缺陷的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷.【析句】復(fù)合句，主句為Even th

22、e folk knowledge in social systems is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system.。.，even在主句中作副詞,主句主語(yǔ)the folk knowledge in social systems后有which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞作on的賓語(yǔ),因此定義出句中把on放在which的前面。最后,主句后是even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。12。 Our image of the astronomical universe is the least se

23、cure of all simplybecause we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social systems， or even the limited records of biological systems. (1995. 閱讀. 1. Text 3）【譯文】我們對(duì)于天文領(lǐng)域的印象是三種領(lǐng)域中最不穩(wěn)定的，這只是因?yàn)槲覀儍H僅看到了很少卻美妙的案例,與社會(huì)體系豐富的記錄，甚

24、至和生活體系有限的記錄相比，天文領(lǐng)域中保持的記錄實(shí)在是微不足道。【析句】主句Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all，because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。從句中包含兩個(gè)并列的句子,分別是we observe such a fantastically small sample of it,和its recordkeeping is trivial as compared with。.。， 其中包含了詞組as compared with， 意思是“與。相比”.13。 Conflict， defined as op

25、position among social entities directed against one another is distinguished from competition， defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply。 (1996。 閱讀。 1。 Text 2）【譯文】沖突的定義是社會(huì)實(shí)體與另一實(shí)體間的對(duì)抗，而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的定義是不同社會(huì)實(shí)體間獨(dú)立爭(zhēng)奪供應(yīng)不足的資源而發(fā)生的對(duì)抗。這兩者的性質(zhì)是截然不同。【析句】

26、主句是Conflict is distinguished from competition，主語(yǔ)conflict后，defined as oppostion among social entities directed against one another為過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于which is defined as.。同樣，介詞賓語(yǔ)competition后也有相同的結(jié)構(gòu),使得句子前后對(duì)稱.而后一句中，social entities后又有striving for some thing現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾social entities,而something后是which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.14. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others， and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is