應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè) unit3

1、1上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 Book II應(yīng) 用 型 大 學(xué) 英 語(yǔ) 系 列 教 程應(yīng) 用 型 大 學(xué) 英 語(yǔ) 系 列 教 程 Application-oriented college English Course 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextLanguage Skills DevelopmentLanguage in UseEnhancement of Language Abilities Unit ThreeTable of Contents上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextStarterText: Bathroom policyW

2、orking with words and phrasesDiscussionPractice: interpretingPractice: translationPractice: writingSurfing the InternetHighlightsPart 1 Language Skills Development上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextHighlights S: A bathroom quarrelL: Our bathroom problems R: Bathroom policyW: How to avoid run-on sentences (2

3、)Internet work: Renting apartments A bathroom is a room for bathing in containing a bathtub(浴缸浴缸) or a shower and optionally a toilet, a hand basin.Synonyms: W.C. - water closet = flush toilet toiletrestroompowder roomwashroomlavatoryladies/gents沖水廁所沖水廁所抽水馬桶抽水馬桶 Do you know how to tell different par

4、ts of a toilet? Interesting Designs of Public toilet in the worldEuropean style Toilet made of goldAncient toilet in RomeToilet in Sahara desertBeetle-like toilet in Beijing during the 28th Olympic GamesDifferent Signs of Toilet上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 1. Starter Everything is in a mess. For example, the

5、toilet paper is on the bathroom floor; the towel is dripping; the bathroom is untidy.How would you describe the bathroom? 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 focus1starter1. Starter 1. Does the scene in the picture look like that of your dormitory? Yes or no?2. What does your dormitory look like?DiscussionClean and

6、tidy?Special and creative?Dirty and messy?B. Listen to a passage and answer the following questions.上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext1. StarterThey have _ off campus.1. What do the students do in order to enjoy privacy?He is _ in doing everything. 3. Whats the problem with John?The other three have to _ b

7、efore they can use it because he often makes the toilet very _.2. What is the problem with the toilet when Tom uses it every morning?They plan to work out a _.4. How do they plan to solve the problem?rented an apartmentclean itdirty and untidyslowesttoilet policy上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 focus1starterBackN

8、extOur Bathroom ProblemsIn order to enjoy our privacy, the four of us, senior students in a university, have rented an apartment off campus. In this way, each one of us can have our own room but have to share one bathroom. All of us are very satisfied with that. Soon, however, a problem has emerged.

9、 That is, how to share our bathroom in the morning. Tom gets up earlier than the rest of us. Of course, he is always the first one to use it. But he has a bad habit of making the bathroom very dirty and untidy. After him, the other three of us have to do the cleaning work before we can use it. 1. St

10、arterTapescript 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 focus1starterBackNextJohn is the slowest in doing everything. Once he enters the bathroom, the rest of us have to wait for a long time. To make things worse, he has a habit of playing computer games over his laptop while he is on the toilet. No matter how hard we r

11、ush him or even threaten him outside the bathroom, it does not work. He still holds it as if it is the most comfortable place in the world for him. And none of us can stand it any longer. Thus, it seems to all of us that it is time for us to work out a bathroom policy so that all of us can live comf

12、ortably together in the apartment. Otherwise, more problems will arise sooner or later.1. StarterBy Hanno BeckWarm UpTake out a piece of paper and write down the answers to the following questions. Then you can share your answers with the classmates. How often do you clean your dormitory, especially

13、 the bathroom? Who contributes most to the tidiness of your dormitory? How long will it take you to have a bath/shower in the evening? Will you tidy up the bathroom after use, or will you just let it be?上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextInteractionBackNextDesign your own bathroom policy!InteractionBackNext

14、InteractionBackNextBackNextText Lead-in上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 Read the text and analyze text OrganizationIntroduction (Para. _ )Situation: Four students with their respective private rooms, share one bathroom.Body (Paras. _ ) Problem: Using the shared bathroom causes unhappiness and dissatisfaction amon

15、g the four students. And the same is true of our shared planet.Conclusion (Paras. _ ) Solution: To respect our common interest in our planets resources.12-1314-16BackNextText Lead-in上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 Text OrganizationBody (Paras. 2-13) Paras. 2-6Paras. 10-13Para. 2 Edwards problemPara. 3 Charlies p

16、roblemPara. 4 Andrews problemPara. 5 Authors fairnessPara. 10Resource taker Para. 11 Resource polluterPara. 12 Resource monopolizerPara. 13Unfair resource usePara. 6 Unhappy resultParas. 7-9Problems with our shared bathroom.Problems with our shared planet.Transition: Similarity between bathroom shar

17、ing and planet sharing 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext2. Text: Bathroom Policy 1 We were four college sophomores. And we were not going to live in a dorm, no sir, we figured that we were smart, mature fellows and so we arranged to rent a house. Each person would h a v e h is o w n p r i v a t e bedroom

18、and we would share the bathroom. Four guys, one bathroom. That sounds reasonable, right? Translation 洗手間使用規(guī)則洗手間使用規(guī)則 我們四個(gè)都上大二了，我們沒(méi)打算住在宿舍，從來(lái)沒(méi)想過(guò)。我們自以為自己既聰明又成熟，因此合計(jì)著租個(gè)房住。每個(gè)人都有自己?jiǎn)为?dú)的臥室，大家合用一個(gè)洗手間。四個(gè)小伙子，一個(gè)洗手間。聽(tīng)起來(lái)很合理，對(duì)不？ Question about Para. 1上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextThey decided not to live in a _and _ to

19、 rent a house off campus, because they figured that they were_, _fellows.1. What did the four college students decide to do in their second year of college? And why?2. Text: Bathroom Policydormarrangedsmartmaturesophomore: 大二學(xué)生大二學(xué)生 undergraduate (bachelors degree) freshmansophomorejuniorseniorpostgr

20、aduate(masters degree)doctors degreefreshmansophomorejuniorseniorthe graduatesPostgraduate studentsdoctordorm=dormitory: n. C 集體寢室；（大學(xué)）宿舍集體寢室；（大學(xué)）宿舍 e.g. A new dorm rule was announced last week. 英文常見(jiàn)的省略詞還有：英文常見(jiàn)的省略詞還有：gym （gymnasium）lab （laboratory）perm （permanent wave (燙發(fā)燙發(fā))）porn （pornography）hippo

21、(hippopotamus (河馬河馬)）mature: a. 1) behaving in a sensible way, like an adult （智力和情感上）（智力和情感上）成熟的，理智的成熟的，理智的e.g. You mustnt be jealous when your sister gets presents; you must learn to behave in a more mature way. 2) (of a person, a tree, a bird or an animal) fully grown and developed 發(fā)育成熟的發(fā)育成熟的e.g.

22、A monkey is mature at a few years old, but a human being isnt mature till at least 16. Antonyms:Compare: mature, ripe1. mature意為成熟的意為成熟的,它可指人或物在發(fā)育方面的成熟它可指人或物在發(fā)育方面的成熟:You will learn what to expect as your child matures physically 2. ripe意為意為(水果水果,蔬菜等蔬菜等)成熟的成熟的;時(shí)機(jī)熟的時(shí)機(jī)熟的;Peaches are ripe in this season

23、 immature, prematurearrange: vi./vt. 1) to plan or organize sth in advance （就行動(dòng)或事情）（就行動(dòng)或事情）提前達(dá)成協(xié)議提前達(dá)成協(xié)議 (arrange to do sth.)e.g. I arranged to meet them at 10 oclock. 2) 整理，排列，布置整理，排列，布置to put sth in a particular order; to make sth neat or attractive e.g. She arranged the flowers well in the vase. a

24、rrange for: 安排（以便安排（以便）e.g. Ive arranged for a taxi to pick us up at 10 oclock. n. arrangement guy: n. 1) C (informal) man 男人男人 e.g. The fat guy dropped asleep shortly after the film began. 2) C (esp. AmE)人人 human being（不論男女）（不論男女）e.g. You guys want to have a drink?Synonyms: fellowbuddyno sir: （美口語(yǔ)）

25、（美口語(yǔ)） 決不決不e.g. We will never allow him in! No sir! Similar expressions: never;definitely not; certainly not; under no circumstances; by no means; in no case2 但還是先看看愛(ài)德華吧。愛(ài)德華一用完洗手間就沒(méi)人想用了，因?yàn)榭傆袞|西會(huì)被用完、用光、用盡。沒(méi)衛(wèi)生紙了？沒(méi)肥皂了？說(shuō)來(lái)也奇怪，愛(ài)德華好像總是最后一個(gè)用完這些東西的人。因此對(duì)我們其他人而言，洗手間的作用就大打折扣了，然而我們并未因此得到補(bǔ)償。東西都讓愛(ài)德華用了，我們感到忿忿不平。上海交通大

26、上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext 2 But let me tell you about Edward. Nobody wanted to use the bathroom after Edward because something would be finished, gone, used up. No toilet paper? No soap? Edward somehow seemed always to be the last person to use these things. It reduced the value of the bathroom for the

27、 rest of us, yet we got no compensation. Edward was a taker. That felt unfair. TranslationQuestion about Para. 22. Edwards Problem上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextHe was a taker, and after he uses bathroom ,something would be finished, gone, used up, as he always used much more bathroom resources such as

28、toilet paper, soap than necessary.2. What can we tell about Edward?2. Text: Bathroom Policyuse up: 消耗，用盡消耗，用盡Translation: Some people take it for granted that the resources on Earth will never be used up. 很多人認(rèn)為地球上的資源取之不竭，用之不盡。很多人認(rèn)為地球上的資源取之不竭，用之不盡。up = completely e.g. eat up (eat all of something) dr

29、ink upburn upmix upsave upclean upcompensation: n. 1) U Something, such as money, given or received as payment or reparation, as for a service or loss. 補(bǔ)償物，補(bǔ)償物，補(bǔ)償金，賠償金補(bǔ)償金，賠償金 e.g. The hotel offered $200 in compensation for the failure to fulfill the committed service for the customer. 2) C The act o

30、f compensating or the state of being compensated. （對(duì)不利局面的）補(bǔ)償（對(duì)不利局面的）補(bǔ)償e.g. One of the few compensations of being unemployed was seeing more of family. v. compensate 補(bǔ)償補(bǔ)償, 彌補(bǔ)彌補(bǔ) compensate for e.g. Nothing can compensate for losing my husband.我失去丈夫的損失是無(wú)法彌補(bǔ)的。我失去丈夫的損失是無(wú)法彌補(bǔ)的。It reduced the value of the b

31、athroom for the rest of usMeaning: The rest of us were prevented from using the bathroom normally and nothing was done to make up for the inconvenience on our part.Edward was a taker.Meaning: Edward is always a user of all the bathroom resources, such as toilet paper, soap, shampoo and so on. “taker

32、” here refers to a person who uses the limited resources carelessly.上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext 3 How about Charlie? Well, he had a problem tooshaving. It was always a disappointment to see Charlie walk into the bathroom, because by the time he was done, you would find shaving cream on the mirror, o

33、n the sink, on the floor. Lots of shaving cream was all over the place. And if it doesnt get cleaned up, it looks bad and becomes unsanitary. The rest of us picked up after Charlie, but we got no compensation for doing so. Charlie was a polluter. That felt unfair. Translation 3 查理呢？哎，他刮胡子時(shí)也有一個(gè)毛病。一看到

34、查理走進(jìn)洗手間我們就沮喪，因?yàn)樗挥猛晗词珠g，鏡子上、池子里、地板上到處都是剃須膏。整個(gè)洗手間剃須膏隨處可見(jiàn)。如果不好好打掃，就會(huì)不堪入目，變得很臟。我們其他人只好在查理用完洗手間后徹底收拾一番，但干這些什么補(bǔ)償也得不到?？森h(huán)境都是查理污染的，我們心里有氣。2. Charlies ProblemQuestion about Para. 3上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext He was _ as he always made the bathroom _ and the rest of us have to _.3. What can we tell about Charl

35、ie from the third paragraph?2. Text: Bathroom Policya polluterunsanitary and untidypick up after himIt was always a disappointment to see Charlie walk into the bathroom, because by the time he was done, you would find shaving cream on the mirror, on the sink, on the floor.Meaning: It was always disa

36、ppointing to see Charlie walk into the bathroom, because by the time he finished using it, you would find the bathroom was in a total mess, with shaving cream all over, on the mirror, on the sink, and even on the floor.unsanitary: a. dirty and likely to spread disease 不衛(wèi)生的，不健康的不衛(wèi)生的，不健康的e.g. There wa

37、s a small and unsanitary inn nearby.antonym: sanitaryThe rest of us picked up after Charlie, but we got no compensation for doing so.Meaning: After Charlie used the bathroom, the rest of us cleaned it thoroughly before we could use it. However, we got nothing in return for the cleaning.Translation:我

38、們其他人只好在查理用完洗手間后徹底收拾一番，我們其他人只好在查理用完洗手間后徹底收拾一番，但干這些什么補(bǔ)償也得不到。但干這些什么補(bǔ)償也得不到。pick up after sb.:（為某人）收拾，整理（為某人）收拾，整理e.g. All I seem to do is cook, wash and pick up after the kids.Other collocations of pick: pick up sth. / sb. pick sth. / sb. apartpick on sb. pick out sth. / sb.挑剔，找毛病挑剔，找毛病整理，收拾；整理，收拾； 承載承載

39、(乘客乘客)嘲笑，欺侮嘲笑，欺侮 挑選；分辨挑選；分辨上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 4 Andrew was a nice fellow. He was thrifty and neat. But there was a difficulty. Once inside the bathroom, he wouldnt come out! The rest of us would be waiting around to use the bathroom, pleading, urging, and begging. It did no good. Andrew took long st

40、retches of time in the bathroom. That restricted access for the rest o f u s , a n d y e t w e g o t n o compensation. Andrew was a monopolizer. That felt unfair. NextBackTranslation4 安德魯還不錯(cuò)，既節(jié)儉又干凈。但也有麻煩。他一走進(jìn)洗手間就不愿出來(lái)。我們其他人要用洗手間只能在外面干等，不停地呼喊、催促、哀求，但無(wú)濟(jì)于事。安德魯長(zhǎng)時(shí)間占用洗手間，影響了我們其他人的使用，然而我們得不到任何補(bǔ)償。安德魯太霸道，我們感到

41、沒(méi)有公理可言。Question about Para. 42. Andrews ProblemHe was thrifty and neat.But he was a monopolizer as he always took long stretches of time in the bathroom, depriving the others of the proper access to it.上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 What can we tell about Andrew?NextBack2. Text: Bathroom Policythrifty: a. Pract

42、icing or marked by the practice of thrift; wisely economical.節(jié)儉的，節(jié)約的節(jié)儉的，節(jié)約的e.g. She is a thrifty housekeeper.Synonyms: economicalsavingprudentneat: a. 1) (of people) liking to keep things tidy and in order; looking tidy or doing things in a tidy way 愛(ài)整潔的愛(ài)整潔的e.g. The new lodger was fortunately a neat

43、 person. 幸運(yùn)的是，這位新房客是個(gè)愛(ài)整潔的人。幸運(yùn)的是，這位新房客是個(gè)愛(ài)整潔的人。2) Orderly and clean; tidy. 整齊的，整潔的整齊的，整潔的e.g. She had small, neat writing.The rest of us would be waiting around to use the bathroom, pleading, urging, and begging.Meaning: The rest of us would be waiting outside, asking him earnestly, rushing him repeat

44、edly, asking him to finish earlier so that we could use the bathroom.Translation:我們其他人要用洗手間只能在外面干等，不停地呼喊、催促、我們其他人要用洗手間只能在外面干等，不停地呼喊、催促、哀求，但無(wú)濟(jì)于事。哀求，但無(wú)濟(jì)于事。plead: vi./vt. 1) To appeal earnestly; beg懇求，央求，祈求懇求，央求，祈求 Collocations: plead for sth. / sb. plead with sb. e.g. The child pleaded with her strict

45、 mother to let her go out and play. 2) To put forward a plea of a specific nature in court承認(rèn)（有罪或無(wú)罪）承認(rèn)（有罪或無(wú)罪）plead guiltyplead ignoranceplead not guilty懇求懇求, 乞求乞求 在法庭上為在法庭上為辯護(hù)辯護(hù) 向向懇求懇求 不服罪不服罪 服罪，認(rèn)罪服罪，認(rèn)罪 聲稱(chēng)不知聲稱(chēng)不知 urge: vt. 1) To entreat earnestly and often repeatedly; exhort.力勸力勸; 敦促敦促; 催促催促 e.g. They

46、 urged us to go at once. 2) To advocate earnestly the doing, consideration, or approval of; press for 鼓勵(lì)鼓勵(lì); 極力主張極力主張; 大力推薦大力推薦 e.g. My friends urged that I (should) apply for the job. n. C a strong desire to do sth e.g. The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel. good: n. A good, valuable,

47、or useful part or aspect.用處，好處用處，好處e.g. Its no good talking to him because he never listens. Whats the good of buying a book without reading it?Exercisestretch: n. C A continuous period of time.（時(shí)間）（時(shí)間）連續(xù)的一段連續(xù)的一段e.g. He has been in America for a stretch of 10 years and is not aware of what had happe

48、ned here. v.伸展伸展; 延伸延伸 e.g. stretch ones legtake a walk 散步散步restrict: vt. to stop somebody/ something from moving or acting freely 限制，約束限制，約束e.g. Membership of the club is restricted to men only. His activities were restricted by old age. I restrict myself to smoking two cigarettes a day. n. Restric

49、tionExercise monopolizer: someone who completely controls the property 壟斷壟斷者，者，獨(dú)獨(dú)占者占者 5 那第四個(gè)人呢？那就是我。我沒(méi)有什么不良惡習(xí)，對(duì)洗手間很愛(ài)護(hù)，對(duì)每個(gè)人也很公平。反正，你不得不這樣認(rèn)為，因?yàn)槲也粫?huì)告訴你他們?nèi)齻€(gè)中任何一個(gè)人目前的住址。 6 那一年我們四個(gè)郁郁寡歡、滿腹牢騷。我們?cè)凇跋词珠g使用規(guī)則”上存在分歧，卻沒(méi)有找到解決的辦法。上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext 5 The fourth person? That was me. I had no bad habits, and t

50、reated the bathroom perfectly and with fairness to everyone. Or at least youll have to believe that, because I am not going to give you the current address of Edward, Charlie or Andrew. 6 The four of us felt unhappy and dissatisfied that year. We had a “bathroom policy” problem and we did not find a

51、 way to solve it. TranslationQuestions about Paras. 5-62. Text: Bathroom PolicyHe claimed to have no bad habits, treated the bathroom perfectly and was fair to everyone, but we have no evidence to confirm this.上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 5. What can we tell about the author according to the description of hi

52、mself? NextBack2. Text: Bathroom PolicyThey felt unhappy and dissatisfied because they had much trouble sharing the bathroom.6. How did they feel in the year when they shared a rented house? And why?上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 7 Now lets talk about you and everyone on Earth. We dont have to share a single ba

53、throom. But we do all share one planet. 8 Our planets natural resources are a common heritage for all humanity, just as the bathroom was a common resource for the four of us in college. 9 Look what is happening to our planet. BackNextTranslation2. Text: Bathroom Policy 7 現(xiàn)在該輪到談?wù)撃愫偷厍蛏系钠渌肆?。誠(chéng)然，我們所有的人不

54、必共用一個(gè)洗手間，但我們確實(shí)共享一個(gè)地球。 8 正如洗手間是我們四個(gè)大學(xué)生的公共資源一樣，對(duì)于全人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)，地球上的自然資源是共同財(cái)富。 9 來(lái)瞧瞧地球所受到的待遇吧。英語(yǔ)中，助動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)中，助動(dòng)詞do常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。e.g. We did try to reach him last night. She does have a strong local dialect even when speaking English.Attention: 用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的do通常只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去通常只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)（時(shí)（do, does, did），不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)或

55、完成時(shí)。），不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)或完成時(shí)。Exerciseheritage: n. U Property that is or can be inherited; an inheritance.遺產(chǎn)，繼承物；傳統(tǒng)遺產(chǎn)，繼承物；傳統(tǒng)e.g. We must take care to preserve our national heritage.world heritage世界遺產(chǎn)世界遺產(chǎn)Synonym: inheritance v. inherit 繼承繼承e.g. inherit propertyinherit fortunehumanity: n. 1) U Human beings consid

56、ered as a group; the human race.人類(lèi)人類(lèi)e.g. Humanity has made great progress in space exploration and medicine. 2) U A humane characteristic, attribute, or act.人性，人性，人道，仁慈，博愛(ài)人道，仁慈，博愛(ài)e.g. He treated the prisoners with humanity.adj. humane仁愛(ài)的仁愛(ài)的,慈善的慈善的 e.g. Ruthless earthquake, humane stories. 無(wú)情地震，有情故事。

57、無(wú)情地震，有情故事。 10 我們看到諸如愛(ài)德華之類(lèi)的人或公司過(guò)度使用石油、淡水和礦產(chǎn)資源，卻不對(duì)我們其他人做出任何補(bǔ)償。11 我們看到像查理一樣的人或公司將有毒廢物、化學(xué)物質(zhì)、碳排放到空氣中，污染了土地、水和空氣，造成世界生存危機(jī)，迫使其他人去清除污染，但他們卻并未對(duì)我們其他人做出任何補(bǔ)償。上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 10 We see people or corporations like Edward, taking more than their fair share of oil, fresh water, minerals, without compensating the

58、 rest of us. 11 We see people or corporations like Charlie, polluting the land, water and air with toxic wastes, chemicals, carbons in the atmosphere, making the world less safe, forcing others to clean up, and they are not compensating the rest of us. BackNextTranslation2. Text: Bathroom Policytoxi

59、c: a. Of, relating to, or caused by a toxin or other poison 有毒的；中毒的有毒的；中毒的e.g. Those vegetables actually became toxic because of a heavily polluted river nearby.Synonyms:poisonousdeadlyatmosphere: n. 1) C, sing. the air in a room or in a confined space; the air around a place.（尤指室內(nèi)的）空氣（尤指室內(nèi)的）空氣e.g.

60、These flowers love warm, humid atmospheres. 2) C the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth （圍繞地球、星球等的）大氣，大氣層（圍繞地球、星球等的）大氣，大氣層e.g. pollution of the atmosphere 3) C, U the feeling or mood that you have in a particular place or situation 氣氛，環(huán)境氣氛，環(huán)境e.g. The talk was conducted in a friendly atmospher