專業(yè)英語完整版

1、.一、詞匯1. 英譯中1、 engine發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)2、 piston活塞3、 crankshaft曲軸4、 clutch離合器5、 chassis底盤6 、 automobile汽車7、body車身8、 light vehicle輕型車9、 heavy commercial vehicle重型商務(wù)車10、 truck deck行李箱蓋11、hood （發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）罩12 、 power unit動(dòng)力裝置13 、compression stroke壓縮行程14 、 transmission變速器15、 camshaft 傳輸凸輪軸16、 propellershaft傳 動(dòng) 軸17、 powertrain

2、傳 動(dòng) 系18、 carburetor化油器19、 washer墊圈20、 steeringsystem轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)21 、 suspension system懸架系統(tǒng)22、braking system剎車系統(tǒng)23、 torque converter變矩器24、timinggear正時(shí)齒輪 25、finaldrive主減速器，后橋26、differential差速器27、 internal combustion engine內(nèi)燃機(jī)28、 electricalequipment電氣設(shè)備29 、 driveshaft傳 動(dòng) 軸30、brake shoe制動(dòng)蹄31、 flywheel飛輪32、 stee

3、ringcolumn轉(zhuǎn)向柱33、 leaf spring鋼板彈簧34、 coil spring螺旋簧35、water jacket水套 36 、airbag 氣囊37、oxygen sensor氧氣傳感器38、 overhead-camshaft頂置凸輪軸39、 multiplex bus多路傳輸總線40、 throttlevalve節(jié) 氣 門41、 exhaustpipe排 氣 管42、 torsionbar扭 桿43 、 differentialgear差動(dòng)齒輪44、 distributor分電器45、 toe-in輪胎前束 46、 sun gear太陽輪47、planetary gear

4、行星齒輪 48、 regulator調(diào)節(jié)器 49 、axle shaft半軸50、 valvetiming氣門正時(shí)51 、frontsuspension前 懸 架52、 intake valve進(jìn)氣門53、kinetic energy動(dòng)能54、 retardingbraking緩速移動(dòng) 55、 connectingrod連桿56 、engine block發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體57、 gasolineengine汽 油 機(jī)58 、drum brake鼓式制動(dòng)器59、 servicebraking行車制動(dòng)60 、 combustionchamber燃 燒 室61、steeringwheel轉(zhuǎn)向輪62、air

5、cooling空氣冷卻63、sparkplug火花塞64 、starter起動(dòng)機(jī)65、 alternator交流發(fā)電機(jī)66、valve system閥門系統(tǒng)67、 valve clearance氣門間隙68、valve timing氣門正時(shí) 69 、valvetrain氣門傳動(dòng)70、 gear ratio傳動(dòng)比71、 inlineengine直列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)72 、distributedsystem分布系統(tǒng)73、variedcylindercount可變的氣缸數(shù)74、excess-airfactor過量空氣系數(shù)75 、air-fuelratio空燃比 76、dieselengine柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)77、

6、parking braking駐車制動(dòng)78、disc brake盤式制動(dòng)79 、fuelpump燃 料80 、 thermostat節(jié) 溫 器81、 air-fuel mixture混合空氣燃料82、 steering box轉(zhuǎn)向器83、 shockabsorber減 振 器84、 sweptvolume有效容積85、clearance volume余隙容積86、 intake manifold進(jìn)氣總 管87 、 cylindersleeve氣 缸 套88 、 pistonring活 塞 環(huán)89、 crankcase曲 軸 箱90 、 universaljoint萬 向 節(jié)91、liquid

7、cooling液體冷卻92、cylinder head氣缸蓋93、 weakmixture稀混合氣 94、rich mixture濃混合氣95、inductionstroke.進(jìn)氣行程96 、compression stroke壓縮行程97、 power stroke做功行程98、 exhauststroke排氣行程99 、 engine lubrication發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)潤(rùn)滑100、 compression ratio壓縮比101、 filter濾 清 器102 、 sliding-meshtransmission滑動(dòng)嚙合變速器103、 controllerareanetwork(CAN) 控制器

8、局 域網(wǎng) 104 、 constant-meshtransmission 常嚙合變速器105、 synchro-mesh transmission同步嚙合傳動(dòng)106、 windscreen wiper風(fēng)窗刮水器107 、seat-belt座椅安全帶108、 continuouslyvariabletransmission無級(jí)變速器109、 frontwheel drive前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)110、 anti-theftsystem防盜系統(tǒng)111、 brake by-wire線控制動(dòng)112、 fault-tolerant容錯(cuò)113、 engine capacity發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)容量114、steeringsyst

9、em轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)115、 charging system充電系統(tǒng)116 、 passenger inertial restraintsystem慣性約束系統(tǒng)2、英文縮寫1 汽油直接噴射 GDI2廢氣再循壞 EGR3 自動(dòng)變速器 AT 4防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) ABS5 多用途汽車 MPV6上止點(diǎn) TDC7前輪驅(qū)動(dòng) FWD 8電子穩(wěn)定性程序 ESP9 車輛識(shí)別號(hào) VIN10電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向 EPS 11液力助力轉(zhuǎn)向 HPS 12 多點(diǎn)燃油噴射 MPI 13手動(dòng)變速器 MT14運(yùn)動(dòng)型多用途車 SUV 15下止點(diǎn) BDC16 全輪驅(qū)動(dòng) AWD17電子控制模塊ECM18 診斷故障代碼 DTC19 牽引力制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) TC

10、S 20 三元催化轉(zhuǎn)換器 TWC21車載診斷裝置 OBD 22 電子式氣閥控制 EVC 23無級(jí)變速器 CVT24電液制動(dòng) EHB25 機(jī)電制動(dòng) EMB26 控制器局域網(wǎng)絡(luò) CAN 27曲軸箱強(qiáng)制通風(fēng) PCV28汽車工程學(xué)會(huì) SAE29 智能型可變配氣正時(shí)和氣門升程VTEC 30電子控制燃油噴射 EFI31 怠速控制 ISC32 歧管絕對(duì)壓力 MAP33 專業(yè)維修工具 SST34 車輛控制模塊 VCM35 內(nèi)部局域網(wǎng)LAN36汽車工程師協(xié)會(huì)SAE 37空調(diào) AC 38絕對(duì)壓力傳感器 APS39 電控制動(dòng)力分配 EBD 40電子點(diǎn)火提前角 ESA41 無線遙控門鎖RKE42國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)構(gòu) ISO

11、43全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng) GPS44 混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車 HEV45低排放汽車 LEV 46 發(fā)光二極管LED 47 液晶顯示器 LCD48 原裝設(shè)備制造廠 OEM49頂置凸輪軸 OHC50頂置氣門 OHV51 輔助約束系統(tǒng) SRS3.連線1).Common Rail InjectionSystem共軌燃油噴射系統(tǒng)2).Electronic valve control電子式氣閥控制3).Turbo Charger System渦輪增壓系統(tǒng)4).0verheadCamshaft Valve Train頂置凸輪軸氣閥傳動(dòng)5).Carburetor Fuel System化油器式燃油系統(tǒng)6.Three-w

12、ayCatalyticConverter三元催化轉(zhuǎn)化器7).Exhaust-gas recirculation廢氣再循環(huán)8).brake fluid reservoir制動(dòng)液貯存箱9).Evaporative Emission Control蒸發(fā)排放控制.10).fail-safe mode失效安全模式二、判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)三、 ( ) 1. Automobile parts can be grouped into three major categories:body, engine and chassis.四、 ( ) 2. BDC is the position of the crank and

13、position when the piston is farther from the crankshaft.五、 ( ) 3. Engine capacity is the swept volume of all the cylinders.六、 ( ) 4. Bore is the internal diameter of the cylinder.七、 ( ) 5. Gasoline engine is called a compression-ignition engine.八、 ()6.Dieseland gasolineenginearebothinternal-combusti

14、onengines.九、 ( ) 7. The three most harmful emissions are hydrocarbons, carbondioxide and nitrogen oxides.十、 ( ) 8. In engines there are two methods of cooling: air cooling andliquid cooling.十一、 ( ) 9. Alternator in the vehicle only produces electricity tooperate the various electrical circuits.十二、 (

15、 ) 10. Whenthe driverturnsthe steeringwheel，the steeringgearis centered.十三、 ( ) 11. Stroke is the distance between BDC and TDC.十四、 ( ) 12. If engine combustion occurs within the power chamber, theengine is called an external combustion engine.十五、 ( ) 13. TDCis the positionofthe crankand pistonwhen t

16、hepistonis farther away from the crankshaft十六、 ( ) 14. Diesel is called a compression-ignition engine.十七、 ( ) 15. Diesel engine has higher compression ratio than gasolineengine.十八、 ( ) 16. The engine acts as the power unit.十九、 ( ) 17. The vehicle is classified as rear-wheel drive front-wheeldrive, f

17、our-wheel drive or all-wheel drive.二十、 ( ) 18.When a vehicleis cornered the axle shaftcan maintains itsdriving action.二十一、 ( ) 19. Exposed to the air, drum brakes radiate the heat to theair better than disc brakes.二十二、 ( ) 20. There are two typesof transmissions-manualand automatic.二十三、 ( ) 21. In a

18、n automobile, the electrical voltage is created bychemical action in the storage battery and by magnetic induction in thealternator.二十四、 ( ) 22. The chassis includesthe power train, steering, suspension,and braking system.二十五、 ( ) 23. Swept volume is the volume between TDC and BDC. 二十六、 ( ) 24. Clea

19、rance volume is the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC.()25.Compressionratio=(sweptvolume+clearance.volume)/( clearance volume).()26.Thespark-ignitionengineoperatingstrokesareinduction stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and exhauststroke.()27.The purpose ofthe lubricationsy

20、stemis tocirculateoil throughthe engine.( ) 28. Rear-wheel drive has advantages over front-wheel drive.( ) 29. In order to reduce the speed of the vehicle, the brakes have toconvert the kinetic energy to chemical energy.( ) 30. Since 1976, all cars have used disc brakes on the front wheels.( ) 31. N

21、on-power brakes rely on the drivers foot pressure to operate.()32.The rearsuspension ismore complicatedthanthe front suspension.( ) 33. When discharging, PbO and Pb in the Lead-acid battery react withH SO to form PbSO .( ) 34. The charging system uses the mechanical energy of the engine togenerate e

22、lectricity.( ) 35. Passenger restraint systems consist of air bag and seat-belttightening system.三、語句英譯中1.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon: thisobtainsitspowerbyburninga liquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline and diesel.內(nèi)燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最常用的， 它是通過燃燒發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸內(nèi)的液體燃料獲得動(dòng)力。有兩種類

23、型的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)：汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。2.Apowertraincanincludeaclutchformanualtransmission or a torque converter for automatictransmission,atransmission, a drive shaft, final drive and differential gears anddriving axles.動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系包括一個(gè)供手動(dòng)傳輸?shù)碾x合器或自動(dòng)傳輸?shù)牧剞D(zhuǎn)換器、變速器、傳動(dòng)軸、主減速器和差速器、驅(qū)動(dòng)軸。3. The charging system provides electrical energy

24、 for all of the electrical components on the vehicles. The main parts of the charging system include: the battery, the alternator, the voltage regulator, acharging warning and wiring.充電系統(tǒng)為車輛上的所有電氣元件提供電能。充電系統(tǒng)主要包括：電池、交流發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、電壓調(diào)節(jié)器，充電報(bào)警指示燈和形成電路的導(dǎo)線。4. The engine has hundreds of other parts. The major part

25、s of engineare engine block,engine heads, pistons,connectingrods,crankshaftandvalves. The other partsare joined tomake system. These systems arethefuelsystem, intakesystem, ignitionsystem, coolingsystem, lubricationsystem and exhaust system.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有數(shù)百個(gè)零件。主要零件有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸蓋、活塞、連桿、曲軸和閥。其他的零件也形成了這一系統(tǒng)。這些系統(tǒng)是燃料

26、系統(tǒng)、進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)、點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)、冷卻系統(tǒng)、潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)和排氣系統(tǒng)。5.Theengine block is the basic frame of the engine.Allotherenginepartseitherfit insideitor fastento it.Itholds the cylinders,water.某些形式的冷卻裝這些熱量來自燃料活塞是四沖程循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的重要組成部分。 大多數(shù)活塞是用鑄鋁制造.jacketsand oilgalleries.The engineblock also holds the crankshaft,which fastens to the bottom

27、 of the block. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。所有其他發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)零件要么裝在缸體內(nèi)，要么固定在缸體上。它承裝氣缸、水套和油道。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體還承裝固定于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)體的底部的曲軸。6. The piston is an important part of a four-stroke cycle engine. Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston, through the connectingrod, transfers to the crankshaft the force created by the burning fu

28、elmixture.的。通過連桿，活塞把燃燒燃料混合氣產(chǎn)生的力傳遞到曲軸上。7. An electronic valve control system replaces the mechanicalcamshaft,controllingeachvalvewithactuatorsforindependent valve timing. The EVC system controls the openingand closing time and lift amount of each intake and exhaustvalve with independent actuators on

29、each valve.電子氣閥控制系統(tǒng)替代機(jī)械凸輪軸，用執(zhí)行器控制每一個(gè)氣閥使它能獨(dú)立的氣閥正時(shí)。電子閥控制系統(tǒng)用每個(gè)氣閥上的獨(dú)立執(zhí)行器控制進(jìn)氣閥和排氣閥的打開和關(guān)閉時(shí)間和提起量。8.The dieselisused forthe majorityof heave vehiclesand the excellentfueleconomy makes it an attractivealternativetothepetrolengine forlight commercial vehicles, delivery vans and taxis.柴油用于大多數(shù)重型汽車，極好的燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)性使它成為一

30、個(gè)吸引人的替代品相對(duì)于輕型商務(wù)車、和出租汽車。9.A diesel engine has no distributor, spark plugs, or spark plugs. Thefuelisignitedby heatproduced by compressing theairin the cylinders.Forthisreason,the diesel is calleda compression-ignitionengine.柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)沒有分電器、 火花塞或火花塞線。 燃油通過氣缸內(nèi)壓縮空氣產(chǎn)生的熱點(diǎn)火。因此，柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)又叫做壓縮點(diǎn)火發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。10. The final diff

31、erence between the gasoline and diesel engines is in the way the fuel is injected. The fuel injection system is the mostimportant part of the diesel engine.汽油和柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)之間的最后的差別在于燃油的噴射方法。燃油噴射系統(tǒng)是柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的最重要部分。11. Some form of cooling must be provided to take away the heat from thecylinderand working partsof

32、 an engine.This heat comes from combustionof the fuel and from friction between rubbing parts.置必須被提供用來帶走發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸或者工作部件產(chǎn)生的熱量，的燃燒和活動(dòng)部件的摩擦。12. Liquid cooling systemconsistsof several interdependentpartsthatfunctiontogethertomaintainproperenginetemperatures.The partsinclude: radiator,fan, coolantrecoverysy

33、stem,coolant pump, water jacket, thermostat, pressure cap, soft plugs.液體冷卻系統(tǒng)包括一些互相依存的部分一起工作去維持發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)合適的溫度。這些部分包括 : 散熱器、風(fēng)扇、冷卻劑回收系統(tǒng)、冷卻泵、水套、節(jié)溫器、壓力感應(yīng)器、軟塞。13. The purpose of the lubrication system is to circulate oil through the engine. An engine must have a good lubrication system. Without it, the.friction

34、 heat from the contact of the moving parts would wear the partsand cause power loss. 潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)是保證潤(rùn)滑油在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)循環(huán)，一個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一定要有好的潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)。 沒有它，活動(dòng)部件之間的摩擦生熱會(huì)損害部件和引起動(dòng)力損失。14. The function of the power train of an automobile is to provide the forces necessary for locomotion. The forces are produced bythe conversion in t

35、he IC engine of the chemical energy in liquid fuelsinto the energy of motion.汽車傳動(dòng)系的功能是為運(yùn)動(dòng)提供必要的動(dòng)力。動(dòng)力通過內(nèi)燃機(jī)內(nèi)部液體燃料的化學(xué)能向運(yùn)動(dòng)能量的轉(zhuǎn)變而產(chǎn)生。15. A dry clutchperforms two tasks:1) itdisengages the engine from thetransmission to allow for gear changing, 2) it is a means for graduallyengaging the engine to the drivin

36、g wheels.干摩擦離合器執(zhí)行兩個(gè)任務(wù)：1. 它使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)從變速器中脫離出來來允許齒輪的改變， 2. 它使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)逐漸與驅(qū)動(dòng)輪嚙合。16. To start the engine, the driver must depress the clutch pedal.This disengagesthe transmission fromthe engine. To movethe car, thedriver must reengage the transmission to the engine.為了起動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，駕駛員必須踩離合器踏板，這使變速器從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中脫離出來，為了使汽車運(yùn)動(dòng)，駕駛員必須使

37、變速器和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)重新嚙合。17.An automatic transmission is a device that provides gear reduction,with resulting multiplication of torque. The gear ranges are automatically selected to provide the most efficient operation and thebest torque output. 自動(dòng)變速器是一個(gè)提供齒輪減速，用乘法改變扭矩的設(shè)備。齒輪范圍是被自動(dòng)的選擇用來提供最有效的操作和最好的扭矩輸出。18. Automat

38、ic transmissions have three basic systems - a torqueconverter,a gear systemand a hydraulicsystem. These fittogetherina unit that fastens directly behind the engine.自動(dòng)變速器有三個(gè)基本系統(tǒng)變矩器， 齒輪系統(tǒng)和液壓系統(tǒng)。 這些被安裝在同一裝置中且被直接固定在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后面。19. When a vehicle is cornered the inner wheel moves through a shorterdistance than

39、the outerwheel. This means thatthe inner wheel must slowdown and the outer wheel must speed up.當(dāng)車輛轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，內(nèi)輪移動(dòng)的距離相對(duì)于外部的車輪更短。這意味著內(nèi)部的車輪必須減速外部的車輪必須加速。20. The service braking system and the parking braking systemhaveseparatecontrolandtransmissiondevices.The servicebraking system is normally foot-operated, w

40、hile the parking braking system is hand-operated. 行車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和駐車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)有單獨(dú)的控制和傳動(dòng)裝置。行車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)正常用腳操作，而駐車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)則用手操作。21. Electrohydraulic braking systems are designed to allow electronic control of vehicle braking while retaining a reduced hydraulic system.電液制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)出來允許電子控制汽車制動(dòng)然而保留了液壓系統(tǒng)。22. The ABS prevents the whe

41、els from locking when the vehicle is overbraked. The vehicle therefore retains its directional stability andsteer ability even under emergency braking on a slippery road surface.ABS預(yù)防車輪被鎖死當(dāng)車輛過度制動(dòng)時(shí)， 汽車會(huì)因此保留它的方向穩(wěn)定性和可控制性即使在滑的路面的緊急制動(dòng)的情況下。23. While the steering system may look complicated, it works quite

42、simply.Whena driverdrivesa car straightdown the road,the steeringgear is centered. Thegear holds thelinkage centered so that the wheelsand tires point straight ahead.盡管轉(zhuǎn)向系看上去很復(fù)雜，但它工作相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單。當(dāng)駕駛員駕駛車輛直行時(shí)， 轉(zhuǎn)向齒輪居中。 該齒輪保持中位， 車輪向前直行。24.The steering system must guarantee easy and safe steering of the vehicle:

43、 it must be possible to turn the front wheels into the position corresponding to a turning circle with a radius of 12m within a maximumof 6s. . 轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)必須保證車輛容易地和安全地轉(zhuǎn)向：它要能夠盡可能的使前輪在最多 6 秒之內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑為 12 米的圓的相應(yīng)位置。25. The purpose of the suspension system is to prevent large shocks,causedby the wheelsstriking

44、 bumpsin the road, beingpassed to thevehicle occupants and components; otherwise discomfort and damage wouldoccur.懸架目的是防止車輪撞擊路上障礙物時(shí)， 傳到乘客和車輛組件的巨大震動(dòng)。不然，不舒適感和危害將會(huì)出現(xiàn)。26. The frontsuspension is more complicatedthanthe rearsuspension. Thisis because the front wheels must move in severaldifferentdirection

45、s.The wheels must moveup and down with the suspensionand tum left to right with the steering.前懸架比后懸架更加的復(fù)雜，這是因?yàn)榍拜喰枰驇讉€(gè)不同的方向移動(dòng)。車輪必須隨著懸架上下移動(dòng)， 并且伴隨著轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)左右轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。四句子中譯英1 汽車的主要組成部分包括車身、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤和電氣設(shè)備。The main parts of the vehicle includingengine, chassis, body and electrical equipment.2 底盤包括 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，懸架，轉(zhuǎn)向部分以及制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)Th

46、e chassis includesthe power train, suspension, steering and braking systems.3如果發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒發(fā)生在汽缸內(nèi)，該氣缸稱為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)燃機(jī).If engine combustion occurs within the power chamber, the engine iscalled an internal combustion engine.4活塞本身 , 它的環(huán)和活塞銷一起稱為活塞總成 .The piston itself, its rings and the piston pin are together calledt

47、he piston assembly.5現(xiàn)代的汽油汽車的壓縮比大概為 9：1.Modern gasoline engine have compression ratios of about 9:1.6柴油汽車的壓縮比在18：1 到 22：1 之間 .Diesel car engines have compression ratios between 18:1 and 22:1.7 四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工作循環(huán)包括四個(gè)活塞行程Four stroke engine cycle consists of four piston strokes.8 柴油機(jī)稱為壓燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。The diesel is call

48、ed a compression-ignition engine.9 汽油機(jī)稱為點(diǎn)燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。The gasoline is called a spark-ignition engine.10 有兩種類型的冷卻方式：空冷和液體冷卻。There are two methods of cooling: air cooling and liquid cooling.11 有兩種類型的變速器：手動(dòng)和自動(dòng)。There are two types of transmissions-manual(MT) and automatic(AT).12 傳動(dòng)軸將變速器主軸輸出的動(dòng)力傳遞給主減速器的小齒輪。The p

49、ropeller shaft transmits the drive from the transmission main s haft to the final drive pinion .13 當(dāng)前使用的三種類型的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)：行車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，駐車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)以及額外的緩速制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。The three types of braking systems are in use today: service braking system, parking braking system and additional retarding-braking sys tem.14 現(xiàn)代轎車采用兩種類型的制動(dòng)器：鼓式制動(dòng)器和盤式制動(dòng)器。Two types of brakes are used in modern cars: drum brakes and disc br akes.15. 在制動(dòng)時(shí)，防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)能夠避免車輪抱死。ABS can prevent wheels from locking up during braking.16 大多數(shù)重型商用車采用循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器。Mos