2016年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(江蘇卷)英語(yǔ)

1、2016年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（江蘇卷）英語(yǔ)第I卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）21. Itisoftenthecaseanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that解析：考查主語(yǔ)從句。本句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是連接詞that做引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，連接詞that在本句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞而已，不能省略。連接副詞why要在句中做狀語(yǔ)，連接彳t詞what通常在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等；as通常

2、不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。句意：對(duì)于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事實(shí)。故D正確。答案：D22. Moreefforts,asreported,intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.A. aremadeB. willbemadeC. arebeingmadeD.havebeenmade解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：正如報(bào)道的那樣，在未來(lái)幾年將做出的努力，以加速供給結(jié)構(gòu)改革的速度。本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"intheyearsahead在未來(lái)的幾年里”和將來(lái)時(shí)連用，且efforts與動(dòng)詞make構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所以要

3、使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，故B正確。答案：B23. Manyyoungpeople,mostwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.A. ofwhichB. ofthemC. ofwhomD. ofthose解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。本題定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是Manyyoungpeople,關(guān)系代詞whom指代先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作為介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。句意：很多年羥人都前往偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求它們的夢(mèng)想，其中大部分人都是受過(guò)良好教肓。故C正確。答案：C24. 一Canyoutellusyourforhappinessandalong

4、life?Livingeverydaytothefull,definitely.A.recipeB.recordC.rangeD.receipt解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。名詞recipe秘訣，食譜，藥方；record記錄；range范圍；receipt收據(jù)，收條；句意：一你能告訴我你對(duì)幸福長(zhǎng)壽的秘密嗎？一當(dāng)然是盡情享受每一天。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)意為“秘訣”，與上下文相符。答案：A25. Hedidnoteasily,butwaswillingtoacceptanyconstructiveadviceforaworthycause.A. approachB. wrestleC. compromise

5、D. communicate解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。動(dòng)詞approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗爭(zhēng)，努力解決；compromise妥協(xié)；和解；讓步；communicate交流；句意：他并容易妥協(xié)，但是對(duì)于正義的事業(yè)，他愿意接受任何建設(shè)性的建議。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。答案：C26. somepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.A.BecauseB.IfC.UnlessD.While解析：考查連詞。連詞because因?yàn)?；if如果；unless除非，如果.不；while盡管；然而；當(dāng).時(shí)

6、；句意：盡管一些人被成功的渴望驅(qū)使著，但是其他人卻被失敗的恐懼驅(qū)使著前進(jìn)。根據(jù)句意可知上下文之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以使用“while盡管”連接。故D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D27. Ifitforhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.A. hadnotbeenB. shouldnotbeC. werenottobeD. shouldnothavebeen解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本句屬于錯(cuò)綜條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，所以使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，所以使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”。句意：如果不是因?yàn)榍皫滋焖难?qǐng)，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在這

7、里了。故A正確。答案：A28. Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagewithinthework.A. tohideB. hiddenC. hidingD.beinghidden解析：考查分詞做定語(yǔ)。本句中名詞短語(yǔ)asecretmessage與動(dòng)詞hide構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)biddenwithinthework在句中做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞短語(yǔ)asecretmessage相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句thatisbiddenwiththework。AC職表示主動(dòng)含義，D項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行，與語(yǔ)境不符。故B正確。答案：B29. Das

8、han,whocrosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.A. willbelearningB. islearningC. hadbeenlearningD. hasbeenlearning解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是“fordecades幾十年來(lái)”，該時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常和現(xiàn)在完成的有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)連用，本句強(qiáng)調(diào)這幾十年來(lái)大山一直努力把中國(guó)相聲和西方的脫口秀相結(jié)合。所以使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性和反復(fù)性。故D正確。答案：D30. Manybusines

9、sesstartedupbycollegestudentshavethankstothecomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.A. fallenoffB. takenoffC.turnedoffD. leftoff解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。短語(yǔ)falloff跌落，下降；takeoff起飛，成功，受歡迎；turnoff關(guān)閉；leaveoffB正確。停止，中斷；句意：由于良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境，很多大學(xué)生創(chuàng)辦的生意都很成功。根據(jù)句意可知答案：B31. Hiscomprehensivesurveyshaveprovidedthemoststatementsofhow,an

10、donwhatbasis,dataarecollected.A. explicitB. ambiguousC. originalD. arbitrary解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。形容詞explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱兩可的，含糊不?#的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，專制的；句意：對(duì)于如何以及在什么基礎(chǔ)上收集數(shù)據(jù)，他的綜合調(diào)查提供了最清晰的說(shuō)明。故A正確。答案：A32. Onlythosewhohavealotincommoncangetalongwell.Oppositessometimesdoattract.A. IhopenotB. It

11、hinksoC. IappreciatethatD. Ibegtodiffer解析：考查交際用語(yǔ)。Ihopenot我可不希望這樣；Ithinkso我認(rèn)為如此；Iappreciatethat我很感激；Ibegtodiffer恕我不能同意；本題的關(guān)鍵詞是后句"Oppositessometimesdoattract."意見相反的人有時(shí)會(huì)相互吸引。說(shuō)明對(duì)話兩個(gè)人的意見并不一致。故D項(xiàng)“恕我不能同意”符合上下文。答案：D33. Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.A. gain

12、admissiontoB. keeptrackofC. takeadvantageofD. giveriseto解析：考查短語(yǔ)辨析。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)gainadmissionto獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入；keeptrackof記錄；takeadvantageof利用；giveriseto引起；句意：父母親應(yīng)該積極鼓勵(lì)孩子抓住機(jī)會(huì)參加體育活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。答案：C34. Notuntilrecentlythedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.A. theyhadencouragedB. hadtheyencouragedC. didth

13、eyencourageD. theyencouragedAD解析：考查部分倒裝。當(dāng)notuntil所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)放在句首的時(shí)候，主句要使用部分倒裝句。排除項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，上下文中并沒有體現(xiàn)出過(guò)去的過(guò)去的時(shí)間。句意：直到最近他們才鼓勵(lì)在農(nóng)村地區(qū)開展與旅游業(yè)有關(guān)的活動(dòng)。故C正確。答案：C35. Jackstillcanthelpbeinganxiousabouthisjobinterview.Lackofself-confidenceishis,Iamafraid.A. Achilles'heelB. child'splayC. greenfingersD. laststr

14、aw解析：考查諺語(yǔ)。Achilles'heel唯一的致命的弱點(diǎn)；child'splay容易做的事情；輕而易舉的事情；greenfingers擅長(zhǎng)園藝的人；laststraw壓死駱駝的最后一根稻草。句意：一Jack仍然情不自禁地?fù)?dān)心他的工作面試。一恐怕玦乏自信是他唯一的弱點(diǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。答案：A第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Yearsago,acriticaleventoccurredinmylifethatwouldchangeitforever.

15、ImetKurtKampmeirofSuccessMotivationIncorporationforbreakfast.Whilewewere36,Kurtaskedme,“John,whatisyour37forpersonalgrowth?38 for growth. I told him about theNeveratalossforwords,ItriedtofindthingsinmylifethatmightmanyactivitiesinwhichIwas39.AndIwentintoa40abouthowhardIworkedandthegainsIwasmaking.Im

16、usthavetalkedfortenminutes.Kurt41patiently,butthenhe42smiledandsaid,“Youdon'thaveapersonalplanforgrowth,doyou?”“No,I43.“Youknow,"Kurtsaidsimply,“growthis44otapnocess.”Andthat'swhenit45me.Iwasn'tdoinganything46tomakemyselfbetter.Andatthatmoment,Imadethe47:Iwilldevelopandfollowaperson

17、algrowthplanformy48.Thatnight,Italkedtomywifeaboutmy49withKurtandwhatIhadlearned.I50hertheworkbookandtapesKurtwasselling.We51thatKurtwasn'tjusttryingtomakeasale.Hewasofferinga52forustochangeourlivesandachieveourdreams.Severalimportantthingshappenedthatday.First,wedecidedto53theresources.Butmorei

18、mportantly,we made a commitment to54togetherasacouple.Fromthatdayon,welearnedtogether,traveledtogether,andsacrificedtogether.Itwasa55decision.Whiletoomanycouplesgrowapart,weweregrowingtogether.36.A. workingB. preparingC. thinkingD. eating解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)36空前“forbreakfast”,可知我在吃早飯的時(shí)候遇見了Kurt,當(dāng)我們正在吃飯的時(shí)候，他

19、問(wèn)我對(duì)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)有什么樣的計(jì)劃。故D項(xiàng)符合上下文串聯(lián)。答案：D37.A. suggestionB. demandC. planD. request解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)42空后“Youdon'thaveapersonalplanforgrowth,doyou?對(duì)于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)你并沒有計(jì)劃，是吧？”可知Kurt在問(wèn)我個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃是什么。故C項(xiàng)正確。答案：C38.A. appealB. lookC. callD. qualify解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辯析。動(dòng)詞appeal呼吁，吸引（通常與to連用）；100kfor尋找；callfor需要求，需要;qualifyfor有資格，能月4任；當(dāng)Kurt

20、提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，我努力找出一些個(gè)人生活中與成長(zhǎng)有關(guān)的事情。與ABC三項(xiàng)的語(yǔ)義不搭配。故D正確。答案：D39.A. involvedB. trappedC. lostD. bathed解析：考查形容詞短語(yǔ)。本句是定語(yǔ)從句，介詞in提前至關(guān)系代詞which之前。形容詞短語(yǔ)beinvolvedin參與；卷入betrappedin被困在中；belostin沉浸于；bebathedin被籠罩;我告訴他很多我所參加的活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知A正確。答案：A40.A. lectureB.speechC. discussionD. debate解析：考查名詞辨析。名詞lecture講課，訓(xùn)話；speech演說(shuō)，

21、演講；discussion討論；debate辯論；爭(zhēng)論;我在發(fā)表關(guān)于自己如何努力工作并取得了很大的成就的演講。與討論、爭(zhēng)論及講課無(wú)關(guān)。故B正確。答案：B41.A. calculatedB. listenedC. drankD. explained解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。動(dòng)詞calculate計(jì)算，估算；listen聽；drink喝；explain解釋；我講了十幾分鐘自己的個(gè)人努力及成就，Kurt在耐心的聽我說(shuō)。故B正確。答案：B42.A. eagerlyB. graduallyC. gratefullyD.finally解析：查副詞辨析。副詞eagerly急切地；gradually逐漸地；gra

22、tefully感激地；finally最后，終于；耐心地聽我講了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，最后他笑著對(duì)我說(shuō)：對(duì)于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)你并沒有計(jì)劃，是吧？故D正確。答案：D43.A. admittedB. interruptedC. apologizedD. complained解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。動(dòng)詞admit承認(rèn)；interrupt打斷；apologize道歉；complain抱怨；"Kurt笑著對(duì)我說(shuō)：對(duì)于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)你并沒有計(jì)劃，是吧？”這是一個(gè)否定的反義疑問(wèn)句，在回答的時(shí)候“no”翻譯為“是的”.說(shuō)明我承認(rèn)自己并沒有個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃。故A項(xiàng)正確。答案：A44.A. automaticB. slowC. indep

23、endentD. changing解析：考查形容詞辨析。形容詞automatic自動(dòng)的；slow緩慢的；independent獨(dú)立的；changing不斷變化的；Kurt告訴我成長(zhǎng)并不是一個(gè)自動(dòng)的過(guò)程，一定要有計(jì)劃性，有計(jì)劃的個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)才是有效的成長(zhǎng)。從那以后我意識(shí)到自己在這方面的缺乏并作出改變。BCD三項(xiàng)與語(yǔ)義不搭配。答案：A45.A. confusedB. informedC. pleasedD. hit解析：查動(dòng)詞辨析。動(dòng)詞confuse使.困惑；inform通知；please使.高興；取悅；hit擊中；打動(dòng)；觸動(dòng)；Kurt的話觸動(dòng)了我，我的確沒有有意識(shí)地做一些事情讓自己變得更好。故D項(xiàng)正

24、確。答案：D46.A. onloanB. onpurposeC. onsaleD. onbalance解析：考查介詞辨析。介詞onloan暫借，出借的；onpurpose故意地；onsale降價(jià)出售；onbalance總之;他的話讓我意識(shí)到自己的確沒有有意地做一些讓自己更好的事情。故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B47.A. commentB. announcementC. decisionD. arrangement解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)文章55空Itwasa55decision.可知我做出了一個(gè)決定：要為我的生活做一個(gè)個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃。故C項(xiàng)正確。答案：C48.A. lifeB. progressC.

25、 performanceD. investment解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。名詞life生活；progress進(jìn)步；performance表現(xiàn)；investment投資；根據(jù)whatisyour37forpersonalgrowth?可知這個(gè)計(jì)劃是為個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃，是與個(gè)人生活有關(guān)的計(jì)劃。BCD三項(xiàng)都屬于A項(xiàng)的范圍。故A正確。答案：A49.A. contractB. conversationC. negotiationD. argument解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。名詞contract合同，契約；conversation對(duì)話；negotiation談判；協(xié)商；argument爭(zhēng)論；根據(jù)文章前兩段可知我和

26、Kurt在吃早飯的時(shí)候，進(jìn)行了一次關(guān)于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃的談話。故B正確。答案：B50.A.lentB.soldC.showedD.offered解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨祈。動(dòng)詞lend借入；sell出售；show展示；offer提供；我向妻子展示了Kurt正在出售的書和磁帶。我們意識(shí)到他并不是想向我們兜售自己的書而是給了我們一個(gè)改變生活和實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的方法。故ABD三項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義不搭配。故C正確。答案：C51.A.recalledB. definedC. recognizedD. declared解析：考查動(dòng)詞辯祈。動(dòng)詞recall回憶；de巾ne定義；recognize意識(shí)到；認(rèn)出；declare宣布；我們意識(shí)到

27、他并不是想向我們兜售自己的書，而是給了我們一個(gè)改變生活和實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的方法。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。答案：C52.A. toolB. methodC. wayD. rule解析：考查名詞辯析。名詞tool工具；method方法（通常和介詞with連用）；way方法；rule規(guī)則；Kurt給了我們一個(gè)改變生活和實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的方法。B項(xiàng)的介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。故C正確。答案：C53.A. provideB. buyC. giveD. deliver解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)文章前一段可知我們意識(shí)到他并不是想向我們兜售自己的書，而是給了我們一個(gè)改變生活和實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的方法。說(shuō)明我們認(rèn)可了他的觀點(diǎn)，所以我們購(gòu)買了他的書和磁

28、帶等資源。故B正確。答案：B54.A. growB. surviveC. moveD. gather解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)上文可知Kurt和我談?wù)摰氖莻€(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的話題，我和妻子在他的影響下承諾共同成長(zhǎng)，一起進(jìn)步。故A正確。答案：A55.A.difficultB.randomC.firmD.wise解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)后句：Whiletoomanycouplesgrowapart,weweregrowingtogether可知我和妻子一起成長(zhǎng)。說(shuō)明他的資源對(duì)我們有很好的作用，我們做出的是一個(gè)明智的決定。故D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D第三部分：閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）請(qǐng)閱讀下列

29、短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A©Learning:AnAlcerwtiveLearningDayschoolProgramSecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard(TDSB)areinvitedtotakeoneortwoe-Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool.Theon-lineclassroomprovidesaninnovativ

30、erelevantandinteractiveLearningenvironment.Thecoursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducationTheseon-linecoursesMaretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers.JarepartoftheTDSBStudent'stimetable;and7appearontheStudent'sreportuponcompletionBenefitsofe-LearningInclude:MAccesstocoursesth

31、atmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschoolMUsingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation:and.MassistancetosolvetimetableconflictsIse-LearningforYou?Studentswhoaresuccessfulinon-linecourseareusually;Mabletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities;Mcapableofworkingindependentlyinares

32、ponsibleandhonestmanner;and,MabletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithinternetaccessStudentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron-linecourseworkastheywouldinaface-to-faceclassroomcourse.56. E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat.A. theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachers.B. theyarenoto

33、nthedayschooltimetable.C. theyarenotincludedonstudentsorts.'repD. theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Benefitsofe-Learning部分Include:AccesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool.可知該網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)涵蓋一些TDSB學(xué)校里設(shè)有的課程。也就是說(shuō)E-Learning中的一些課程是TDSB課程的一些有益的撲充。故D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D57. Whatdostudentsneedtodobefor

34、ecompletinge-learningcourses?A. Tolearninformationtechnologyon-line.B. Todotheirassignmentsindependently.C. Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly.D. Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Ise-LearningforYou?部分Studentswhoaresuccessfulinon-linecourseareusually;capableofworkingindependentlyinarespo

35、nsibleandhonestmanner;可知只要那些以負(fù)責(zé)任地誠(chéng)實(shí)的態(tài)度能夠獨(dú)立完成作業(yè)的學(xué)生才可以在這項(xiàng)課程中取得成功。故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：BBChimps（黑猩猩）willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct（本能）tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmoth

36、ersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.Whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreateffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage,hewillpullatrandom-

37、hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,ontheotherhandareextremelycorporative.Fromtheearliestages,theydecidetohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateaachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexpe

38、nsivewithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught.butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebe

39、foremostparentshavestartedtotrainchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligence.Developsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive（認(rèn)知的）skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomtasell,thechildrendidnobet

40、terthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtests,butwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworldThecureofwhatchildren'smindshaveandchimps'don'tinwhatTomasellocallswhat.Partofthisabilithattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theya

41、ctivelyseektobepartofa"we",agrouspktltowinrteradshtoredgoal.58. Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?A. Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers'interests.B. Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.C. Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors'food.D. Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.解析：推理判斷題。根

42、據(jù)文意第二段后兩句"ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,hewillpullatrandom-hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish”可知黑猩猩很自私，通常會(huì)把鄰居的食物搞的一團(tuán)糟。說(shuō)明他們根本不關(guān)心其他人的利益。故A正確。答案：A59. MichaelTomasellostestsonyoungchildrenindicatethattheyA.havetheinstincttohelp

43、othersB. knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC. knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopen3door,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.和第四段第句Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharear

44、enottaught.butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.可知只有18個(gè)月的孩子就知道去幫助他人，而且?guī)椭说淖龇ú⒉皇歉改赣H教的，屬于人類的本能。故A項(xiàng)正確。答案：A60. Thepassageismainlyabout.A. thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB. waystotrainchildren'ssharedintentionalityC. cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD. thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren解析：

45、主旨大意題。本文屬于科普說(shuō)明文，作者從猩猩的自私行為導(dǎo)入到人類無(wú)私幫助他人的本能，分析了人類愿意幫助他人、愿意與他人合作的本能天性的原因。ABD都屬于文章的部分內(nèi)容，并非中心思想。故C項(xiàng)正確。答案：CC日Nifio,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbfiShertlnaAmWnicanoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater

46、,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNifio,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNifioin1997helpedAmerican'ec

47、onomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought（干旱）insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.Thoughheavyrainsbroughtabou

48、tbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.Acco

49、rdingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI）,however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

50、）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers（T水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino'saharttiejpeoe

51、ctsthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedst

52、obethepriority.61. WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B. Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C. ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D. Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第段最后句ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoversev

53、eralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.可知厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象見證了海洋中水流方向的變化。故D正確。答案：D62. WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A. Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B. Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C. Richcountries'

54、gainsaregreaterthanohees.D. Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNifio,onbalance,thantheylose.可知富有國(guó)家從厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象中得到的好處要大于所得到的壞處。接著在第三句中列舉了1997年的厄爾尼諾給美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)的好處。故C項(xiàng)正確。答案：C63. ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.A. moreinvestmentshouldgoto

55、riskreductionB. governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC. victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensationD. recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODIXhowever,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,rathertha

56、nrecovery3Edrebuildingafterwards.根據(jù)ODI的觀點(diǎn)，為應(yīng)對(duì)厄爾尼諾政府應(yīng)該做更多的投資預(yù)防厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的危害而不是在出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題以后再進(jìn)行重新補(bǔ)救和恢復(fù)。故A項(xiàng)正確。答案：A64. Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A. TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.B. ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.C. ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.D. TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.解析：目的意圖

57、題。本文主要介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象對(duì)地球的影響，并吉訴我們諾政府應(yīng)該做更多的投資預(yù)防厄爾尼諾的危害而不是在出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題以后再進(jìn)行重新補(bǔ)救和恢復(fù)。再根據(jù)最后一句"SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority."合國(guó)政府要把減少損失放在優(yōu)先的位置。也就是說(shuō)我們要事先做好準(zhǔn)備。故D項(xiàng)正確。答案：DDNotsolongago,mostpeopledidn'tknowwhoShellyAnnFrancisPrycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherAmericanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However,onepersonwantstochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShellyAnnasatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningoftr