中考英語閱讀理解高分攻略(共9頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 閱讀理解高分攻略一閱讀理解的能力要求：1.能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷，理解生詞的詞義。2.能理解段落中各句子的邏輯關(guān)系。3.能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節(jié)，預(yù)測故事情節(jié)的發(fā) 生和可能的結(jié)局。4.能讀懂常見題材的閱讀材料。5.能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的的運(yùn)用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息。6.除教材外，課外閱讀量應(yīng)累計(jì)在15萬以上（上海要求更高一些，30萬詞以上）.所謂閱讀理解能力是指視讀能力，理解能力和對(duì)所讀材料的評(píng)價(jià)能力。二中考英語閱讀理解命題透視。 （一）中考閱讀理解的考查方式 1. 四大題型（1） 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 主要測試考生是否讀懂了文章所描述的內(nèi)容， 即平時(shí)我們所說的 “

2、W” ( who, what where ,when,why. Which) 和 “H” ( how ) 問題。有時(shí)出題者為了增加試題的難度， 會(huì)將試題理解部分與原句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化。（2） 主旨大意題要求在理解全文后歸納短文大意， 概括中心思想或選擇短文的標(biāo)題。命題方式常為 find out main point / main idea / best title 等， 這些內(nèi)容大多數(shù)都隱含在文章中。 不少文章一開頭便展示出文章的意或主題 。 尤其是新聞報(bào)道類文章， 在文章的段落中則往往由開頭的一句充當(dāng)主題句， 來概括該短文的中心思想。但是有的文章沒有主題句， 如大部分記敘文， 在這中情況下， 就需要

3、考生通過分析全文， 區(qū)分文章的主要信息與次要信息， 進(jìn)而總結(jié)歸納出文章的大意或中心思想。 （3） 推理判斷題主要測試考生利用文章所給的信息進(jìn)行推理判斷的能力。一般是根據(jù)文章的有關(guān)事實(shí)，對(duì)作者意圖，態(tài)度以及作者言外之意，進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推理判斷。它要求縱觀全文，在匯集全文提供的各項(xiàng)信息的 ，基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理：推理作者的意向；推理人物的動(dòng)機(jī)，目的，性格等特征；推理事件的前因后果；推理語言中的語態(tài)，語氣等。解答這類題一定要以全文所敘述的事實(shí)為依據(jù)，一層層剖析，一步步推導(dǎo)，仔細(xì)體會(huì)其因果關(guān)系和事情發(fā)展的始末， 依據(jù)作者的思路來進(jìn)行推理， 千萬不能脫離原文內(nèi)容， 依據(jù)自己的意愿亂推理。（3） 詞

4、義推斷題主要測試考生是否理解了文章的詞義，一般情況下， 正確答案就是對(duì)所詢問的詞，詞組或句子的復(fù)述或解釋?？忌蒙舷挛牡年P(guān)聯(lián)性來確定其確切含義。此外，作者通常運(yùn)用下定義，解釋，舉例，同義詞，反義詞等來說明其一詞或詞組的意義，有時(shí)考生也可以憑常識(shí)來判斷。 2. 具體形式（1） 根據(jù)所讀文章內(nèi)容判斷正誤。（2） 根據(jù)所讀文章內(nèi)容選擇正確答案。 （二） 中考閱讀理解命題特點(diǎn)。 試題的選材貼近考生的生活，時(shí)代氣息濃郁。所選文章的體裁多樣化。記敘文，說議論文，應(yīng)用文，對(duì)話，圖表 廣告，小品等。1. 題材具有廣泛性。 涉及日常生活，社會(huì)，政治， 經(jīng)濟(jì)，文化，科技，地理，歷史，人物傳記，風(fēng)土人情，實(shí)用文

5、體等。2. 題量大，分值高。3. 試題難度適中，符合大多數(shù)考生英語水平。三 中考閱讀理解解題策略及方法。1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。一般針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)而提出，屬淺層理解，通過通讀全文可以直接找出答題依據(jù)。設(shè)題方式 （1） 單詞替換。 （2）顛倒因果 （3） 擴(kuò)大范圍 （4） 常識(shí)判斷解題秘訣 （回扣原文）（1） 注意五個(gè) “W” 一個(gè) “H”.（2） 根據(jù)設(shè)題順序回扣原文所在語句，比較信息，如數(shù)字，日期，時(shí)間等。（3） 根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞或其同義詞回扣原文。（4） 回扣原文中的難句定位，一般難句都是出題點(diǎn)，這是應(yīng)注意文中的同位語，破折號(hào)，括號(hào)，省略號(hào)等。2. 詞義推理題。詞義推理題主要考查文章中出現(xiàn)的

6、詞，詞組的意義或句子的含義。設(shè)題方式（1） the word “.” In the passage probably means_.（2） The word “.”is closed in meaning to_.（3） “.” could best be replaced by which of the following ?（4） In the story the underlined word “” means_（5） Here “it” means _（6） The expression/phrase “” means_（7） The underlined word “it” in t

7、he passage refers to_.解題秘訣 （通過詞根詞綴詞綴推測生詞的含義。通過上下文推測生詞的含義。）3.推理判斷題這類題主要針對(duì)短文的結(jié)論，隱含意義，作者的傾向，文章的論調(diào)，寫作思路及目的等方面，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定的判斷和推理。 設(shè)題方式 多角度設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)（1） 只是原文的簡單復(fù)述，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論，把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)做間接推理。（2） 看似從原文推斷出來的結(jié)論，然而實(shí)際上與原文不符。（3） 根據(jù)考生已有的常識(shí)是正確的，但是卻不是基于文章，一切以文章為準(zhǔn)。 常見的設(shè)問形式：（1） we can infer from the passage that_（

8、2） We can guess the writer of the letter may be _（3） From the letter were learned that its very_（4） From the story we can guess _（5） What would be happy if_（6） How did the writer feel （7） The writer believes that_（8） The writer suggests that_ （9）which of following is true ?解題秘訣 （依據(jù)原文認(rèn)真比較選項(xiàng)。） 絕大多數(shù)推理題

9、是原文意思的同一表達(dá)，正確答案與原文之間沒有任何推理關(guān)系。（1） 做題時(shí)可以尋找四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中三錯(cuò)一對(duì)的關(guān)系。（2） 如果四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的選項(xiàng)都是成立的推理，則選與原文最接近的答案。4.主旨大意題這類題是指那些針對(duì)文章的主要內(nèi)容，主題，標(biāo)題或?qū)懽髂康乃O(shè)的問題。設(shè)題方式（1） Whats the passage mainly about ?（2） Whats the main idea of this passage ?（3） Whats the topic of this article ?（4） Whats the best title for this passage ?（5）

10、The purpose of this passage is to _（6） The article has been written to explain_(7) We can learn from_（8）We can infer _ from this passage .解題秘訣 （抓主題句） 在議論文或說明文中，文章的主題句通常出現(xiàn)在首段或末段。記敘文通常在文章的首末兩段流露出作者的看法或情感。選文章標(biāo)題時(shí)既要排除過于具體或斷章取義以偏蓋全的標(biāo)題。又要排除范圍太大的標(biāo)題。如果文章有幾個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，務(wù)必牢記作者的觀點(diǎn)才是全文的中心。 閱讀理解解題方法：方法1.順序法。即先看文章，然后看試題，再回

11、到文章查找有關(guān)信息。該法適合于解題時(shí)間充足，文章篇幅較長，需要獲取的信息較多或需要對(duì)全篇進(jìn)行整體理解的場合。閱讀時(shí)一般采取快速閱讀法，注意關(guān)鍵詞句和段落，找準(zhǔn)主線，掌握大意，并能記住主要細(xì)節(jié)的分布點(diǎn)。方法2.逆向法。即先看試題，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合，分析，對(duì)比。 有根據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。該法有較大的針對(duì)性和準(zhǔn)確性。適合于時(shí)間較緊，文章篇幅不長，需要獲取信息不多，試題與文章聯(lián)系緊密，不需要做深層次的理解in關(guān)系。3.標(biāo)注法。即在通讀短文和試題后，標(biāo)注中心句并與試題有關(guān)的詞，句，段標(biāo)注相應(yīng)的題號(hào)。該

12、法具有很大的針對(duì)性和穩(wěn)妥性，便于對(duì)照分析和復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。有些學(xué)生在閱讀時(shí)喜歡在不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞以及不理解的句子，段落下面劃線或打上標(biāo)記，這是一個(gè)不好的習(xí)慣，應(yīng)以摒棄。 示例1 It was midday when I got the call that my grandfather was not well and he was quickly getting worse. Mr. family did not know how long he would stay in the world . I knew I had to get to the hospital, I pictured him b

13、efore I got to tell him how much he meant to me. Trying to fight back the tears, I wanted to stay calm when I saw him. When I got to the hospital, I hurriedly looked for his hospital room .I found him in a semi-conscious state . On my knees, I said softly, “hello, Grand.” Still felling shy, I decide

14、d not to leave his bedside without letting him know. While I asked about how he was , he told me, “I will be fine , Henry .” although we both knew that wasnt true . Then he asked me with a smile how I was doing . Hearing what my grandpa said , I was much moved . I made the decision that I had to sho

15、w my gratitude for him. As I found all the courage I had .I hold his hand tightly. I cried out , “Grandpa, I just want to let you know that yet I just want to make sure .” By this time, the tears were rolling down my face . All those years of love that I had shut and not let him know, became free. S

16、mile , he said, “I know . Thank you for telling me that . All I have on this planet is my family and my love for them . If there is anything I could ask of you . I want you to be good to your family: your mother , your father, and your brother . Thats all I want of you.” What I learned that day chan

17、ged my whole life. From then on, I began telling people how much I love them , care for them, and respect them ,I get in touch with , for example, my babysitter, my barber, to show my appreciation . I go down into the city once a week and serve pizza to homeless , I wake up every morning and list ev

18、ening Im thankful to in my life .a) The author got the news of Grandpas illness_ A. in the morning B. at noon C. in the evening D. at midnight2.The author didnt tell Grandpa his love because _ to say love to Grandpa before . A. he was too shy B. he was too frightened C. he was too busy D. he had no

19、chances3.The underlined word “gratitude” means_ in Chinese . A. 興奮 B.驚訝 C.害怕 D。感激4.The writer wrote this passage to tell readers mainly about_A.how to think highly of others B.how to help others get out of trouble C. how to get in touch with others D. how to share feeling with others 5. The story de

20、velops with the changes of_ A. the writers life B. Grandpas feeling C. the authors emotion D. Grandpas illness 示例2 In the US, the flu kills 20,000 people every year . Most of them are children and people. The flu is going by coughing, sneezing, or only talking . when it happens to you , you will fee

21、l tired, have a high fever, cough quite often and your throat will be sore . For most adults, the treatment is just to wait it out .stay at home to have a good rest, drink lots of water and take some medicine and so on . The flu usually can go away in two weeks . But for the old and young , its much

22、 harder to be well because they are too weak to fight against the disease. Flu season in the US is usually from December to March . So youd better stay away from people who are having the flu . However, the best way is to do more exercises and keep fit .1. Which may NOT be the symptom of catching th

23、e flu ? A.You cough seriously B. You have a fever C. Your throat is sore D. You want to eat more food2. The Chinese meaning of “treatment” is _A. 治療 B。待遇 C.禮貌 D。藥物3.Which one of the following people can be well in two weeks after getting the flu ? A. a man of seventy years old B. a baby of three mon

24、ths oldC. a girl ten years old D. a man of thirty years old 4. In which month , you may catch the flu easily in the US ? A. In August B. In November C. In January D. In May 5.Which is right according to the passage ? A. The flu kills 20,000 people every year in the world . B. You may catch the flu b

25、ecause of touching someone who has it . C. The flu is a terrible disease and it can kill people easily . D. The best way of being away from the flu is to be far from people with it. 示例3 Forty years ago , I was in grade One . One day , I was asked to go to the principals office.（校長辦公室） I was really n

26、ervous . When I pushed the heavy door open. I found my parents were sitting in the office, too. My father walked to me , with some of my drawings in his hand. “ Why do you only use a black crayon（蠟筆） when you draw ? he asked . I said nothing. “ show me to your desk ,” said my father . So we returned

27、 to my classroom . My father pulled out my crayon box. There was only one black crayon in it . “ Where are the rest of your crayons?” I quietly explained that I would given all other crayon to my friends. I shared my things with others as my parents had taught me . Then I looked at my father , then

28、at the principalboth their faces were red . Years later, I learned that my fathers face was red because of anger and the principal was red because he was embarrassed. When the principal saw all my pictures , he thought that I had a deep emotion problem . So he called my parents in to discussion “ my

29、 problem” In fact, I was too shy to ask for my “shared” crayon back. I didnt stand up for myself! That night, my father told me about the difference between sharing and giving. He also gave me a new box of crayons. He said, “These crayons are for you . I dont want you to share or give these crayons to anyone else .”1. At the beginning of the text, the father wondered