新概念英語第三冊筆記第45課上課教案

1、Lesson 45 The power of the press 新聞報道的威力New words and expression 生詞和短語democratic adj.民主的 democratic country 民主的國家Democratic party 民主黨dem?'kr?t ?k Republican party 共和黨democracy d?m?kr?s? n.民主，民主主義；民主政治Despotism ?desp?t?z?m專制，獨裁 dictatorship n.專政；獨裁權；獨裁者職位詞根：dictatoradj. ?d?kt?t?ri?l dictatorial獨裁

2、的，專政的；專橫傲慢的adv. dictatorially 自大地；獨裁地n. dictator獨裁者；命令者看看地道英文解釋，體驗區(qū)另1JDespotism is a form of government by a single authority, either an individual(Despot), or tightly knit group, which rules with absolute political power. dictatorship: a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator

3、 (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)也就是說前者可以是指人，也可以指整個統(tǒng)治團體。后者指個人統(tǒng)治下的政府restrict vt.限制=keep within a certain limit. (to limit or control )-The prisoners ' activity is restricted within narrow limits.辨析limit表示時間，空間，數(shù)量等方面的限定，且限定到某一個點，如果超出這個點很可能受到罰。restrict只說明限制范圍-Land devel

4、opment must be limited.我們必須限制土地的開發(fā)。-He restricts himself to two cigarettes everyday.他每天限制自己抽兩只煙。restrict sb to/ restrict sthrestrain v.抑制，克制，限制(可指徹底阻止也可指將-納入控制/約束之中，強迫意味，可表示自我抑制)restrain sobs restrain tears restrain one's angereg. She was so excited that she could hardly restrain herself.restrai

5、n oneself from smokingrestrain oneself from drinkingconfine v.控制在范圍內(空間上受限)confine sb.to-I confine myself to two cigarettes a day.-The boy is confined to the dark room.-The boy is restricted to the dark room.cramp kr?mp vt.限制(某人的活動或限制動植物的生長)-Nobody can cramp children.-You can not cramp my activity.c

6、ramped adj.窄/J、的adj. limited in space 狹/J、的cramped room cramped office cramped train cramped writingcramp kr?mp n.抽筋，痙攣clamp n夾具的總稱 v夾住 vice plier(vt.束縛，限制；使抽筋；以鐵箍扣緊 n鉗子；夾子(Also called cramp iron) also N in pl) have/get a cramp 什么地方抽筋了/be seized with cramp 被什么束縛, 限制roomy adj.空間大的，寬敞的a roomy house a

7、roomy carspacious 'spe?S adj.寬敞的 （is large in size or area） a spacious roomcapacious k?'pe?s adj. able to contain a lot 容量大的（has a lot of space to put things in.容量大的 正式usu ADJ n常做定語）a capacious bagcommodious k ?m?d?& adj.寬敞的（文） a commodious houseexpansive ?Csp?ns?/ adj. （土地）遼闊，廣闊的擴張的，健談的

8、，豪爽的an expansive village 面積很大的個村子hamper ?h?mp ?（r） v.限制，妨礙，困累（側重因受到約束或阻礙而造成的某方面行動困難）-What hampered you to do so?-The housewife has a lots to do every day,because she is hampered by povert 被貧困所困擾。-My limited vocabulary hampers my reading.impede ?m?pi:d v.限制，阻礙（相當于 hamper）impede doing sth-Nothing will

9、 impede my studying English.bound v.限定，以為界限abuse v.濫用 （to deliberately use something for wrong purpose） 權禾 1,藥物，酒精，暴力等等-Don't abuse your authority.不要亂用職權。-We shouldn't abuse oue rights.不要亂用自己的權力。-For VIP,they shouldn 't abuse their privilege.abuse power濫用職權abuse trust辜負了別人的信任（欺騙）abuse ch

10、ildren 虐待兒童eg. He abused his body with heroin and cocaine.contention k?n?ten?n論點n.爭論，爭吵，觀點，論點，不同意見（formal）（contending; quarrelling or disputing; argument used in contending）eg. Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals.a bone of contention容易引

11、起爭論的話題eg. Jerusalem is forever a bone of contention.contend v.競爭，爭論contend with sb/against sb for stheg. Five runners contended against each other in the final.決賽中，五名賽跑選手一決勝負。contend against prejudice 與偏見作斗爭contend against temptation 與誘惑作斗爭discord ?d?sk?:dn.不和（文學性）n.不和；不調和；嘈雜聲vi.不一致；刺耳sow discords b

12、etween 挑撥離間untold a.=too many to be counted 數(shù)不盡的-There are untold stars in the sky. -I am afflicted by/with untold anxieties. untold suffering 極大的煩惱/countless suffering /innumerable suffering untold misery極大的痛苦 untold damage極大的損失numerous a.無數(shù)的countless a.無數(shù)的-As hunma being ,we can't keep ourselv

13、es free from countless anxieties.countable:can be counted uncountablenumberless無數(shù)的,沒有房號的-This is a numberless room.numberable數(shù)得清的innumberable不能數(shù)得清的（偏向于指能力）South Dakotad?'k?ut? n.達科他（美國過去一地區(qū)名，現(xiàn)分為南、北達科他州） adj.達科他人的It's in the north and middle of America which is divided into North and South Da

14、kota.perpetual a.永久的，永遠的，永恒的（不休止的，一直持續(xù)下去的，用于不易受阻的）沒完沒了的（貶義）-They are as poor as church mouse, they are have to struggle against perpetual poverty.perpetual noise 沒完沒了的噪音perpetual nagging 沒完沒了的嘟嚷perpetual conflicts 戰(zhàn)火不斷反義詞 temporary臨時的 temporary jobs臨時工作Endless a.-You can appreciate endless unbroken

15、clouds. -Studing English is our perpetual（endless） task.eternal a.永恒的，永久的，不朽的（ =immortal ）-His name is immortal because the longest suspension bridge was named for him.permanent a.非臨時的，永久的-In a big city, sometimes we can not get permanent job.perpetual語氣最強，指保持永久不變，沒有中斷的行為，永無止境地持續(xù)下去。有時用于貶義，指令人厭perman

16、ent指總是處于相同的情況和地位，可長期持續(xù)下去，永久不變。endless系日常用詞，指無盡無休。everlasting語氣較莊重，有時可與eternal換用，側重持續(xù)不盡，或指開始后一直進行下去。eternal語體較莊重，側重指永遠存在，無始無終。永恒的-Lasting for a long timeconstant a.連續(xù)的，不斷的（perpetual最好的釋義）constantly adv.連續(xù)不斷地continuous a.連續(xù)不斷的-They have continuous discussion.-They made great success in their continuou

17、s attempt.continuala.頻繁的continually adj.-It rains continually .-It is raining continuously/constantly.quintuplet :'kw ?ntj ?pl?t 五胞胎之 one of five babies at a birth窘數(shù)杲全部： 單數(shù)杲其中之一quadruplets?kw?dr?pl?t四胞胎 sextuplets?sekstj?pl?t六胞胎 triplets ?tr?pl?t三胞胎 pentagon五角大樓/五邊形（penta-5） pentathlon五項全能 decat

18、hlon十項全能第3頁英語中表示數(shù)量的前綴一、表示“半”、“準”的前綴1. demi- : 半 , 部分 例如 : demigod 半人半神demilune 半月 , 新月2. hemi- : 半 例如 : hemisphere 半球 hemicycle 半圓形 hemiparasite 半寄生物3. semi- : 半 例如 : semimonthly 半月刊 semiofficial 半官方的 semiconductor 半導體 semicircle 半圓 二、表示“一”的前綴1. mono- : （ 在元音前作mon- ） 單一 , 獨例如 : monocycle 獨輪腳踏車monodr

19、ama 單人劇 monoxide 一氧化物2. uni- : 一 例如 : unicorn 獨角獸 unique三、表示“二”、“兩”、“雙”的前綴1. bi- : 兩 , 二, 雙 例如 : biweekly 雙周刊 bicolour 兩色的 bimonthly 雙月刊2. di- : 二 , 雙 dioxide 二氧化物四、表示“三”的前綴tri- : 三 例如 : triangle 三角形 tricar 三輪汽車tricolour 三色的 triweekly 三周刊五、表示“四”的前綴quadri- /quadru- : 四 （ 在元音前作quadr- ）例如 : quadrangle

20、四角形 quadricycle 四輪車六、表示“五”的前綴1. penta- : 五 （ 在元音前作pent- ） 例如 : pentagon 五角形 pentathlete 五項全能運動員2. quinque- : 五 （ 在元音前作quinqu- ） 例如 : quinquennial 分五年的 quinquepartite 分五部分的七、表示“六”的前綴1. sex- /sexi- : 六 例如 : sexangule 六角形 sexennial 每六年的 八、表示“七”的前綴2. hepta- : 七 （ 在元音前作hept- ） 例如 : heptagon 七角形3. sept- /

21、septi- /septem- : 七 例如 : septangle 七角形 septennial 每七年的九、表示“八”的前綴octa- /octo- /oct- : 例如 : octagon 八角形 October （ 古羅馬八月 ） 十月十、表示“九”的前綴1. ennea- : 九 enneahedron 九面體2. nona- : 九nonary 九個一組的東西nonagon 九角形十一、表示“十”的前綴1. deca- : 十例如 : decagon 十角形 decameter 十米decade 十年2. deci- : 十分之一 例如 : decigram 十分之一克, 分克 d

22、ecimeter 分米 decilitre 十分之一升, 分升十二、表示“百”的前綴1. cent- : 百 例如 : percent 白分比 centennial 一百年的 century 百年 centuple 一百倍的2. hecto- : 百 例如 : hectogram 一百克 hectowatt 一百瓦 hectometer 一百米 hectoampere 一百安培 十三、表示“千”的前綴1. kilo- : 千 例如 : kilogram 千克 , 公斤 kilowatt 千瓦 kilometer 千米 , 公里 kilocalorie 千卡2. milli- /mill- /m

23、ille-: 千，千分之一，毫 例如：millennium 一千年 millipede ?m?pi?d馬陸，千足蟲 milligram 千分之一克, 毫克 millisecond 千分之一秒, 毫秒十四、表示“百萬”“兆的前綴mega- : 百萬 例如 : megawatt 兆瓦 megadeath 百萬人之死亡megaton 百萬噸obscurity n.默默無聞In obscurityobscure adj. 不起眼的-The bus stopped at a obscure bus stop.obscure ?b'skj? adj.不起眼的（無名的不起眼的，默默無聞的）1） no

24、t at all well known and not very important 不起眼的, 不出名的an obscure village an obscure poet an obscure teacher2） difficult to understand 晦澀的，難懂的，朦朧的，昏暗的 （because it involves so many parts or detailsobscure legal phrases難懂的法律詞條obscurity ?b'skj?r%? n.默默無聞（鮮為人知的狀態(tài)）2、難懂性；難懂之物live in obscurity默默無聞的生活注意介詞

25、 in表示人處于某種狀態(tài)remain in obscurity始終保持默默無聞eg. Daniel Mendoza retired from boxing boring ring and died in obscurity.dim, unclear, vague, obscure, ambiguous這組詞都有 “模糊” 的意思，其區(qū)別是：dim a.光線暗淡的，看不清的；記憶力模糊的；不大可能的。（暗淡，可能性低）Don't work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光線下工作。His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康復的可

26、能性十分渺茫。unclear a.指句意、字跡不清楚，使人難以看懂；不肯定的。（不清晰，不明朗）Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字跡使人難以辨認。It is unclear whether the economy will get better. 經(jīng)濟是否好轉仍不明朗。vague ve0 a.含混的，含糊的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意義，用來表示因邏輯關系不清、言辭籠統(tǒng)而導致的意義不清楚，說明不清，該詞也可表示 輪廓形狀 的不清楚和模糊。eg. what he said is vague.obscure a用于表達因光線不足而使人看不清楚

27、。該詞的引申意義可以表示語法、文字、記憶等因復雜、深奧、模棱兩可而使人看不懂和無法理解。ambiguous ?m'b j?s a.模棱兩可的，有歧義的，指因字、詞、句有 歧義而使人感到模糊不清、難以理解和把握。His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.radicallyadv.徹底地，完全地=Completely,entirely,thoroughly,fully,inclusiveradical adj.徹底的，完全的；激進的 n.基礎；激進分子；物化原子團

28、；數(shù)根數(shù)a radical reform一場根本性的改革a radical leftist極端的左翼分子a radical party 激進黨radical sign 根號exclusive a.獨占的，獨家的；排外的，排他的 (not shared with others)-The swimming pool is for my exclusive use.exclusive right 獨權-The school is exclusive ,only very clever children can go to it.-The store is exclusive, only very w

29、ealthy people can visit it.exclusive adj.專用的，獨占的，獨家的，昂貴的exclusive report 獨家報道 /exclusive coverage exclusive interview 獨家采訪exclusive rights 特權/exclusive privileges an exclusive girls ;school 女子學校exclusive shops 高檔商店eg. Air Force One is exclusive to the President of the U.S.A.exclusive plane 專機exclude

30、 v.排除，NE他exclude the possibilityinclude v.包括conclude v.得出結論seclude v膈絕nursery n.（舊）育英室，保育室nursery school 幼兒園 nursery teacher 幼師 garden center 托兒所 nursery rhyme 童謠commercialization 商品化-（z）ation 化industrialization 工業(yè)化 denationalization 私有化 desertification 沙漠化commerce n.商業(yè)commercial 商業(yè)廣告commercial brea

31、k 廣告時間commercial bank 商業(yè)銀行commodity n.商品-commodity econnomy 商品經(jīng)濟 commodity market 商品市場goods,waresWares w?z n.貨物，商品一小時故事 In the street below a peddler was crying his wares.Ware n.器皿，陶器，物品（總稱，常用于復合詞）用某材料（或以某方式、在某地）制造的物品；作用的器皿；室的物品；-silverware 銀器 / ironware 鐵器 / chinaware 陶器 / glassware 玻璃器皿-software軟彳

32、/ hardware五金器具，（電腦的）硬件-a popular ware 熱門貨 / small wares 小百貨goods n.商品，貨物-half-done goods 半成品 / home made goods = native goods 國貨-leather goods 皮件 / frozen goods 凍結貨物 / consumer goods 日用消費品merchandise Merchandise is products that are bought, sold, or traded. 商品 正式commodity k ?'m?d?t? n.商品，物品（總稱，正

33、式的經(jīng)濟學術語）-commodity price 商品價格, commodity economy 商品經(jīng)濟-commodity market 商品市場, agricultural commodity 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品commodity作“商品”解時系經(jīng)濟學名詞，也可指日用品。merchandise正式用詞，指商業(yè)上銷售或商家擁有貨物的總稱。ware指上市待賣的商品或貨物。多用復數(shù)形式。goods 一般生活或商業(yè)用詞，指銷售或購入的商品。Text課文（全文背誦）In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press

34、are rightly condemned.effort企圖（語氣強烈）try;attempt嘗試make every effort; spare no effort; make every endeavor; go to great lengthscondemn k?n?dem v.強烈譴責（非常正式的用語，eg:國家之間）condemn the brutal and savage crimecondemn sth ascondemn the war as a crime 指責戰(zhàn)爭為犯罪denounce v.強烈譴責（公開）denounce sb/sth aseg. The statesma

35、n denounced abusing power as a crime.reprimand 'repr ?m a?nd v.（正式地）嚴厲地斥責（vt&n 訓斥；譴責正式）:scold officially and severely blame責備，還表示批評（語氣程序很弱） blame sb. for sth. The teacher blamed him for his coming late.scold斥責（語氣稍重一點） Don't scold me for such a trifle.不要因為這樣的小事責備我。reproach r?pr?t?斥責，責備，指責

36、從個人感受出發(fā)責難別人，責難的內容不一定正確，可能是吹毛求疵的話 He often reproached his children.reprimand v./n. 嚴厲斥責； 譴責（語氣最強） The boss reprimanded his employees severely.accuse 指責，控告 用法 beofcriticize vt.批評；吹毛求疵；非難 vi.批評；吹毛求疵；非難criticism批評，評論表示辨明某一個人的優(yōu)缺點deed行為，行徑-Your deeds should be rightly condemned.However, this freedom can e

37、asily be abused.forest authorites 森林當局education authorites 教育當局the authorites 有關當局the authorites of the press 新聞界當局Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events./arrest far more public attention /draw far more public attention /grab far more public attention far相

38、當于 much加強語氣According to this sentence,we know we are much more interested in private stories.Sometimes some people even want to smell out people's secrets or particular scandals.Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading

39、 about ourselves.lives of others 替代 story about peopleread about/of(to find out information from books and newspapers)read about:通過閱讀書和報紙了解詳情read of：通過閱讀書和報紙了解一般的情況和信息eg. I have read about that terrible car crash. eg. I read of his death in the local newspaper.it is extremely doubtful whether it形式主語

40、 whether-it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy of others be doubtful whether 很難說，懷疑eg. I'm still doubtful whether I should accept his suggestion.eg. It was doubtful whether the patient would survive the operation.extremely doubtful=extremely uncertain=extremely dubious-If a fam

41、ily skeleton is reviewed,one 's reputation will be damaged/destroyed/spoiled/ruined immediately. equally=in the same way=alike-We wouldn t like our secret to be reviewed.Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details abou

42、t their private lives.（要點句型） acting on現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作條件狀語act on以。來行事，遵循。來行事act on the contention 按這一觀點行事 act on the advice 按這一建議行事/act on the recommendationeg. Acting on my father's advice, I followed his footstep to become a teacher.act on a sudden impulse 憑借一時沖動that引導的部分是 contention的同位語從句When stories

43、 published in detalls by the press are wonderful,you will become famous very soon.If the story is terrible,your reputation will be ruined immediately.Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a g

44、overnment.Exert v.施力口? g' ?:t 本處表達的意思是 -bring about 帶來，導致-lead to-cause-result in-give rise toExert sth on sb-His wife exerted a lot pressure on him to change his job. - He likes to exert his authority on us.Exert oneself to do sth. 努力做某事，盡力做某事，出力-He never exert himself to study hard.exert every

45、 effect 盡一切努力exertion ? g ?:?n n.盡力，努力，發(fā)揮 n.行使，運用，施力口 the exertion of force/strength/authority 另外，我們在之前的課文中學過，perform, exert, exercise, practice 表示運用，應用，提供，執(zhí)行等意Antique shops appeal to a great many people. 古玩店很吸弓I人。major:great,considerablecapsize k?p'sa 勾 V-T/V-I.（船）翻-The ship capsized because of

46、 the rough wave.upset v.打翻（不/J、心） （upset, upset）eg. He upset a bottle of ink over the map.overturnv.翻overthrowv.打翻，推翻overthrow the government overthrow a decisionIn the first paragraph the writer illustrate how powerful the press is in the general way.The story of a poor family that acquired fame an

47、d fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press.acquire=gain=obtain-acquire gortune 發(fā)財 -make fortuneOvernight 很普通的一個單詞，能否把意思說全？n.頭天晚上adj.通宵的，晚上的，前夜的adv在前一夜，整夜，昨晚一晚上-an overnight trip 整夜的旅行 / an overnight guest 過夜的客人overpopulated adj.人口過密的，人口過剩的overseas adv海外 adj.夕卜國的,海外的over+動詞（

48、over表示超過）overeat vt.使吃過量 vi.吃得過多oversleep vt.（使）睡過頭vi.睡過頭,睡得太久overworkn.過度工作v.（使）工作過度overcharge v.討價過高，使過量裝填，過度充電n.超載，過重的負擔，過度充電overestimate vt.評價過高 n.估計的過高dramatically illustrate 生動和形象的表明/vividly illustrateThe family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota.inhabitant=d

49、weller- -the city dweller 城市居住者-the country dweller 鄉(xiāng)村居住者resident n.住戶，房客 （someone who lives or stays in a place such as a house or a hotelinhabitant n.居民（常年居?。Ｗ∪丝贏s the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.as由于（引導原因狀語從句）生活成了同貧困進行的無休止的斗爭。（暗喻）eg. As born in poor

50、country, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.They were expecting their sixth child and faced with even more pressing economic problems.expect a baby be expecting a baby 有喜了 be going to have a babyin the interesting conditionBe in the family way be in an interesting condition （親昵）get pregna

51、nt （中性）be conceiving a baby （正式） pregnantbe faced with 面臨- -The window faces the south.窗戶朝南。solve problem解決問題- -In the process of studing English,We are faced with a great many problems,which should be got rid of/removed as quickly as possible.Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is imposs

52、ible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer.confrontv.面對， 遭遇 （to deal with something very difficult or unpleasant in a brave and determined way ）在這里要注意其主語，一般而言用的是人做主語，但是反過來，擬人的非靈主語，把困難作為主語confront sb with sth 特化為（以某事物）與（某人）對質eg. On my first day at work I w

53、as confronted with the task of chairing a meeting. be faced withpressing緊迫的press vt催促，壓迫 don't press me另1J催我 push vt 催促，逼迫 don' push me另1J逼我 even more pressing 日益嚴峻eg. The poor village was faced with even more pressing water resources problems.a pressing need 迫切需要eg. The automobile industry

54、is facing the difficult to meet with a pressing need of people.economic problem=povertyIf they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed. They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity.虛擬語氣，與過去事實相反的狀況第一個had是助動詞，第二個 had是實意動詞unnoti

55、ced形容詞做狀語，方式狀語odds n.各種讓人煩的小事odd adj.奇怪的 odds n.1）probability 幾率（發(fā)生的概率）;勝算；賠率 the odds are that= it is likely that eg. The odds are that he will soon recover from his broken leg.2）difficulties（由事務發(fā)生的幾率引申出的，發(fā)生的消極的事情，也就是困難）fight/struggle against economic odds 與經(jīng)濟困又t作斗爭/掙扎于經(jīng)濟拮據(jù)之中 struggle against enorm

56、ous odds 克服重重困難 /struggle against heavy odds /struggle against all the odds eg. He had a humble beginning but rose to fame after struggling against all the odds.bear容忍，生育 born是bear的過去分詞作者表達的結論：attract the attention of the pressBut they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy

57、, an event which radically changed their lives.an event相當于一個非限定性定語從句which/as radically changed their lives eg. He became a millionaire over night, a miracle which made a name for him in the tiny village.The day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.The rise to the fame is swift.=Their being famous was