高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普文難度較高

1、2021年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解拉分題較難題目特訓(xùn)：節(jié)能環(huán)保類1The Goldma n Environmen tai Foun dati on recen tly recog ni zed a group of in dividuals 個(gè)體for their efforts to protect the environment. Each year, the America n-based group honors environmen tal activists from six differe nt areas.The first three wi nners of the 2021

2、 Goldma n Prize are from Kenya, the Philipp ines and Chi na.The Goldman Environmental Foundation says Ikal Angelei is a hero to those who live around Lake Turkana. The Kenyan woma n received the award because of her efforts to stop a dam project on a river in Ethiopia. Critics say the dam will harm

3、the lake and restrict 限制the flow of water for people who live nearby.The Philippine island of Mindoro is home to those who depend on the area' foDdaandajaresources forEdwin Gariguez became concerned when a European company announced plans to mine for nickel 鎳on the isla nd. The Roma n Catholic m

4、i nister said waste materials from the mi ning project would pollute the water and destroy the forests. So he started a campaig n to stop the project.In China, Ma June is work ing with bus in esses to clea n up their polluti on. He formed a group that collectsinformation about pollution, and publish

5、es it on the Internet.The Goldma n Prize was also awarded to activists from Arge ntina, Russia and the Un ited States.Sofia Gatica of Argentina is from a town where farmers commonly use pesticide 殺蟲(chóng)劑products to protect soybea n crops from in sects. The tow n also has a high rate of can cer. Sofia Ga

6、tica belie ved that pesticide use was resp on sible for the death of her baby. She worked with other mothers to get gover nment officials to ban the use of chemicals n ear populated areas.Evge nia Chirikova objects to the pla ns to build a road through a protected forest just outside Moscow. She has

7、 demanded that Russian officials redirect th e road away from the forest. She and her followers have been arrested for their activities. However, their campaig n has gained widespread public support.The sixth winner is American Caroline Cannon a community leader in Point Hope, Alaska. Miz Cannon is

8、fight ing to keep Arctic waters safe from oil and gas exp lorati on.60. We can know from the passage that.A. the dam project has bee n preve ntedB. the first three activists are all from AsiaC. a Europea n compa ny is going to dig for ni ckelD. Ma June is trying to stop oil and gas explorati on61. F

9、rom the 7th paragraph, we can know that.A. pesticide use acco unts for a high-rate of cancerB. Sofia man aged to ban the use of chemicalsC. the farmers mainly live on unpolluted productsD. the death of the baby was due to delayed treatme nt62. What do we know about Evgenia Chirikova ?A. She pla ns t

10、o build a road to protect the forest.B. She is in charge of a project far away from the road.C. She persuaded the gover nment to set her followers free.D. Her environmen tal actio n has bee n widely ack no wledged.63. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Six Adva need In dividuals for Har

11、d WorkB. Efforts to Create a Clea n and Beautiful WorldC. Six Environmen tal Activists Win Goldma n PrizeD. The Goldma n Environmen tal Foun dati on Prize2SCS Global Services SCS has evaluated a new methodology for measuri ng the carb on sequestrati on 圭寸存 ability of soil under the Verified 驗(yàn)證 Carbo

12、n Standard VCS , a leading greenhouse gas GHG accounting system. The methodology, developed by The Earth Part ners, will allow land man agers who sequester GHGs in grassla nds and farmla nds to produce carb on credits for sale in the volun tary market.Man agers of grassla nds and farmla nds can in c

13、rease carb on sequestrati on in soil by practices such as cha nging grazing 放牧 practices and operating treatments designed to improve the variety and productivity of plant groups. The Earth Partners is presently piloting this methodology with farmers across seven million acres of the Palouse River a

14、nd Columbia Plateau regions in the Pacific Northwest.“ The VCS program has achieved an importa nt milest one in now combi ning grassla nd and ran gela nd carb on offset 抵消，補(bǔ)償projects," said Dr. Robert J. Hrubes, Executive Vice Preside nt of SCS."SCS looks forward toapprovi ng and verify in

15、g agricultural carb on offset projects that use this very powerful new methodology." The VM0021 Soil Carbon Quan tificati on Methodology is based on decades of soil carb on research and test ing con ducted by top soil scie ntists. The methodology was developed by The Earth Partners and verified

16、 by Environmen tal Services, Inc. as well as SCS Global Services. It is the first soil carb on methodology to be approved for use un der the VCS."This widely tested methodology is the first to specially deal with soils in a market," said Steven I. Apfelbaum, Chairma n of Applied Ecological

17、 Services, Inc. and Director of Science with The Earth Part ners. Accord ing to Apfelbaum, soils represe nt the sec ond largest liv ing sink of carb on on the pla net.68. The new methodology is assessed accord ing to.A. The Earth Part nersB. the Verified Carbo n Sta ndardC. Environmen tal Services,

18、Inc.D. Applied Ecological Services, Inc.69. Carbon sequestratio n in soil can be stre ngthe ned by.A. selli ng carb on credits in the volu ntary marketB. cha nging graz ing practices and operat ing treatme ntsC. reduc ing the variety and productivity of pla nt groupsD. decreas ing farmla nds in the

19、Pacific Northwest70. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The VCS program proves to be successful in carb on offset projects.B. Many soil Carbon Methodologies have already bee n approved for use.C. The new methodology has bee n tested in many fields in clud ing soil.D. Soils se

20、em to be the largest livi ng sink of carb on on the pla net.71. What is the attitude of SCS towards the new methodology?A. Opposed.B. Cautious.C. Doubtful.D. Approvi ng.3Rain forest is home to around two-thirds of all pla nt and ani mal species found on land in additi on to milli ons of people who d

21、epe nd on them for survival our remai ning ancient forests are some of the most diverse ecosystems known to scienee. They are also vitally important to the health of our planet, especially when it comes to regulating the climate. But ancient forests around the world are under attack.Protecting rainf

22、orests is on the global agenda 議事日程in a big way. Governments now recognize the importa nee of protect ing tropical forests in order to avoid dan gerous climate cha nge, and there is now much debate.As governments try to thrash out the details of a new international agreement, expected to be signed a

23、t the end of 2021, they are discuss ing how best to in clude measures to save rain forests, and therefore address one of the major causes of climate cha nge. Worldwide, forest destruct ion causes more gree nhouse gas emissi ons 排放each year tha n do all the trains, pla nes and cars on the pla net. So

24、 if we are to deal with global warmi ng, there is an urge nt n eed to find ways to reduce the 20% of global gree nhouse gas emissi ons caused by forest destruct ion each year, and to keep the rema ining forests sta nding.We need to protect the planet' s remaining forests not oolyrtotetopange fro

25、m getting worse, but to ensurethat we can sta nd the impacts of global warm ing. Healthy forests absorb and store qua ntities of carb on, help ing to regulate temperature and gen erate rain. When they are destroyed, this carb on is released into the atmosphere. Thus keeping forests standing is both

26、a critical part of regulating climate change and of adapting to a warmer world.To date, most of the talk has focused on how to pay for reducing deforestation 濫伐森林 ,rather than on how to actually go about doing it. We believe gover nments n eed to support local people to protect their environment, as

27、 we have bee n show ing for 20 years can be a very effective way of savi ng rain forests.1. The best title for the passage is.A. Rai nforest and Climate ChangeB. Strategies on Protecti ng Rai nforestC. Serious Deforestatio n to Rain forestD. Prese nt Situati on of Rain forest2. From the first paragr

28、aph we can infer that.A. we have little rainforest left until nowB. the ancient forests are being destroyedC. rain forest con trol the pla net in many waysD. Rainforest is home to all plants and animals on earth3. The underlined part“ thrash out in the second paragraph meansA. try to un dersta ndB.

29、come up withC. hide awayD. have a thorough discussi on4. Gree nhouse gas emissi ons caused by forest destructionA. are the same amount by tran sport on earthB. take 20% of global gree nhouse gas emissi onsC. can be avoided by sett ing measures onlyD. have nothing to do with climate cha nge5. From th

30、e text we can lear n that healthy forest.A. can keep us healthy and happyB. can in crease the effect from global warm ingC. can be helpful in adjust ing the temperatureD. can give out large amounts of carb on4Rivers may be a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮 ,scientists no

31、w find.Their calculati on suggests that across the globe the waterways con tribute three times the amount of n itrous oxide to the atmosphere as had bee n estimated by the Intern ati onal Panel on Climate Change IPCC, the Un ited Nati ons scie ntific body charged with reviewi ng climate cha nge rese

32、arch. They found that the amount of n itrous oxide produced in streams is related to human activities that release nitrogen 氮into the environment, such as fertilizer use and sewage discharges.“ Huma n activities, in cludi ng fossil fuel combusti on and inten sive agriculture, have in creased the ava

33、ilability of n itroge n in the en vir onment, said Jake Beaulieu of the UniversiiyDamie and the U.S. Environmen talProtect ion Age ncy in Cincinn ati, Ohio, and lead author of the paper published this week in the jour nal Proceedi ngs of the Nati onal Academy of Scien ces.“ Much of this nitrogen is

34、transported into river and stream networks, Beau微生said. There, microbesconvert the n itroge n into n itrous oxide also called laugh ing gas and an inert gas called din itroge n 二氮.The finding is importa nt, the researchers say, because n itrous oxide is a powerful gree nhouse gas that con tributes t

35、o climate cha nge and destruct ion of the stratosphere' s ozone layer, which protects us from the sunultraviolet 紫外線radiati on. Compared with carb on dioxide, n itrous oxide is 300-fold more powerful in terms of its warm ing pote ntial, though carb on dioxide is a far more com mon gree nhouse ga

36、s. Scie ntists estimate n itrous oxide acco unts for about 6 perce nt of huma n-i nduced climate cha nge.Beaulieu and colleagues measured n itrous oxide producti on rates in 72 streams. When summed across the globe, the results showed rivers and streams are the source of at least 10 perce nt of huma

37、 n-caused n itrous oxide emissi ons to the atmosphere.“ Changes in agricultural and Ianduse practices that result in less nitrogen being delivered to streams would reduce n itrous oxide emissi ons from river n etworks, Beaulieu said.1. From the sec ond paragraph we can learnA. actually rivers give o

38、ff much more n itrous oxide tha n expectedB. scie ntistscalculati on is totally wrongC. human activities release nitrous oxide in to the riversD. there is no nitrogen in fertilizer2. Which of the following is NOT the source of nitrogen?A. Fertilizer use.B. Sewage discharges.C. Fossil fuel combusti o

39、n.D. Climate cha nge.3. Nitrous oxide is a powerful gree nhouse gas because.A. it can protect us from the sun' s harmful ultraviolet radiationB. it is to blame for most of huma n-i nduced climate cha ngeC. it is a far more com mon gree nhouse gasD. it has much more warmi ng pote ntial tha n carb

40、 on dioxide4. What does the passage mainly tells us?A. Rivers may be a source of the gree nhouse gas n itrous oxide.B. It ' s human activities that release nitrogen into the environment.C. How to reduce n itrous oxide emissi ons from river n etworksD What to do with the climate change caused by

41、nitrous oxide.5The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels, but the government said on Thursday it was look ing to the future with pla ns to build homes and a golf course that float.An in crease in sea levels of just 18 to 59 cen timeters would make the Maldives a n ati on of

42、tiny coral isla nds in the In dia n Ocea n virtually unin habitable by 2100, the UN' s climate cha nge panel has warn ed.Preside nt Mohamed Nasheed has vowed a fight for survival, and last month he sig ned a deal with a Dutch company to study proposals for a floating structure that could support

43、 a conference centre, homes and an 18-hole golf course.“ It is still early stages and we are awaiting a report on the practicality, a government official who declined to be n amed said.The company, Dutch Docklands, is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai. There was n

44、o immediate comme nt from the firm but its website said it un dertook projects that make"la nd from water byprovidi ng large- scale float ing con struct ions to create similar con diti ons as on land .The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded cap

45、ital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there to ease congestion. The city, which has a population of 100,000, is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall, and the gover nment is con sideri ng in creas in gly imagi native ways to comb

46、at climate cha nge.Nasheed, who staged the world' s first underwater cabinet meeting in October to highlight his peopledifficult situation, has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are completed covered.He has also promised to tur n hi

47、s n ati on into a model for the rest of the world by beco ming“ carb on n eutral2021. His pla n in volves ending fossil fuel use and poweri ng all vehicles and buildi ngs from“ gras bur ning coc onut husks.1. Why do you thi nk Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Dockla nds?A. Because it has experience in bu

48、ilding floating structure.B. Because it has a good fame throughout the world.C. Because it charged much less tha n other compa ni es.D. Because it supports building floating structures in the world.2. The Hulhumale was built with the purpose of .A. attract ing more visitorsB. making it a new capital

49、C. making the capital less crowdedD. fighting against climate change3. Accord ing to the last two paragraphs, Nasheed is a pers on whoA. has succeeded in buying land abroadB. is more tha n well-k nownC. has thought more for his n ati onD. has stopped using fossil fuel4. The un derli ned word“ vowed

50、in paragraph 3 can be replaced byA. en dedB. promisedC. failedD. weighed6PLAYA GRANDE, COSTA RICA? This resort town was long known for Leatherback Sea Turtle 棱皮龜 n ati onal Park, ni ghtly turtle beach tours and eve n a sea turtle museum. However, on a beach where doze ns of turtles used to nest on a

51、 given night, scientists spied only 32 leatherbacks all of last year.With leatherbacks threatened with extinction 滅絕,Playa Grande ' s turtle museum was abandoned three years ago and now sits among a sea of weeds. And the beachside ticket office for turtle tours was washed away by a high tide in

52、September. “ We do not promote that as a turtle tourism dest in ati on any more because we realize there are far too few turtles to please, said Alvaro Fonseca, a pa管i理員er Even before scie ntists found temperatures going up over the past decade, sea turtles were threate ned by beach developme nt, dr

53、ift net fish ing and Costa Rica ns in terest in eat ing turtle eggs. But climate cha nge may cause the most serious harm to an animal that has lived in the Pacific for 150 million years.Sea turtles are sensitive to numerous effects of warming. They feed on reefs, which are dying in hotter seas. They

54、 lay eggs on beaches that are being covered by rising seas and more viole nt waves.More uniq uely their gen der ，性另 U is determ in ed, not by genes but by the egg' s temperature duri ng developmerSmall rises in beach temperatures can result in ail-female populations, obviously problematic for su

55、rvival. If thesand around the eggs hits 30 degrees Celsius, the gen der bala nee shits to females: at about 32 degrees they are all female. Above 34, you get boiled eggs.On some nesting beaches, scientists are artificially cooling nests with shade or irrigation and trying to protect broader areas of

56、 coastal property from developme nt to en sure that turtles have a place to n est as the seas rise.5. Why does the resort town stop promoting it' s turtle tourism?A. It decides not to disturb the turtles' no rmal life.B. Tourists have lost in terest in watch ing turtles.C. There are only ver

57、y few turtles now.D. The turtle museum was destroyed by a high tide.6. Which of the following is the major factor in the turtles endangerment?A. The locals eati ng habit.B. Drift net fishi ng.C. Beach developme nt.D. Global warmi ng.7. We lear n from the last paragraph that scie ntists.A. are doing

58、research on the sea riseB. are moving turtles to new homesC. are protect ing turtles' n estsD. are getting rid of sea weeds8. The passage intends to.A. in troduce a special kind of sea turtleB. expla in the mystery of turtles' eggsC. show the dan gers a certa in kind of turtle is facingD. attract more visitors to a sea turtle museum7Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build