商務(wù)英語詞匯大全(一)

1、商務(wù)英語詞匯大全（一）時間：2008-10-15 23:32 | 分類：個人日記 - economist 經(jīng)濟學家socialist economy 社會主義經(jīng)濟capitalist economy 資本主義經(jīng)濟collective economy 集體經(jīng)濟planned economy 計劃經(jīng)濟controlled economy 管制經(jīng)濟rural economics 農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟liberal economy 自由經(jīng)濟mixed economy 混合經(jīng)濟political economy 政治經(jīng)濟學protectionism 保護主義autarchy 閉關(guān)自守primary sector 初

2、級成分private sector 私營成分,私營部門public sector 公共部門,公共成分economic channels 經(jīng)濟渠道economic balance 經(jīng)濟平衡economic fluctuation 經(jīng)濟波動economic depression 經(jīng)濟衰退economic stability 經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定economic policy 經(jīng)濟政策economic recovery 經(jīng)濟復原understanding 約定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特爾rate of growth 增長econo

3、mic trend 經(jīng)濟趨勢economic situation 經(jīng)濟形勢infrastructure 基本建設(shè)standard of living 生活標準,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 購買力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滯,蕭條,不景氣underdevelopment 不發(fā)達underdeveloped 不發(fā)達的developing 發(fā)展中的initial capital 創(chuàng)辦資本frozen capital 凍結(jié)資金frozen assets 凍結(jié)資產(chǎn)fixed assets 固定資產(chǎn)real estate 不動產(chǎn),房地產(chǎn)circ

4、ulating capital, working capital 流動資本available capital 可用資產(chǎn)capital goods 資本貨物reserve 準備金,儲備金calling up of capital 催繳資本allocation of funds 資金分配contribution of funds 資金捐獻working capital fund 周轉(zhuǎn)基金revolving fund 循環(huán)基金,周轉(zhuǎn)性基金contingency fund 意外開支,準備金reserve fund 準備金buffer fund 緩沖基金,平準基金sinking fund 償債基金inv

5、estment 投資,資產(chǎn)investor 投資人self-financing 自籌經(jīng)費,經(jīng)費自給bank 銀行current account 經(jīng)常帳戶 （美作:checking account）current-account holder 支票帳戶 （美作:checking-account holder）cheque 支票 （美作:check）bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 無記名支票,來人支票crossed cheque 劃線支票travellers cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 （美作:checkbook）en

6、dorsement 背書transfer 轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)帳,過戶money 貨幣issue 發(fā)行ready money 現(xiàn)錢cash 現(xiàn)金ready money business, no credit given 現(xiàn)金交易,概不賒欠change 零錢banknote, note 鈔票,紙幣 （美作:bill）to pay （in） cash 付現(xiàn)金domestic currency, local currency 本國貨幣convertibility 可兌換性convertible currencies 可兌換貨幣exchange rate 匯率,兌換率foreign exchange 外匯floa

7、ting exchange rate 浮動匯率free exchange rates 匯兌市場foreign exchange certificate 外匯兌換券hard currency 硬通貨speculation 投機saving 儲裝,存款depreciation 減價,貶值devaluation （貨幣）貶值revaluation 重估價runaway inflation 無法控制的通貨膨脹deflation 通貨緊縮capital flight 資本外逃securities business 證券市場stock exchange 貢市場stock exchange corporat

8、ion 證券交易所stock exchange 證券交易所,貢交易所quotation 報價,牌價share 股份,貢shareholder, stockholder 貢持有人,股東dividend 股息,紅利cash dividend 現(xiàn)金配股stock investment 貢投資investment trust 投資信托stock-jobber 貢經(jīng)紀人stock company, stock brokerage firm 證券公司securities 有價證券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 優(yōu)先股income gain 股利收入issue

9、 發(fā)行貢par value 股面價格, 票面價格bull 買手, 多頭bear 賣手, 空頭assigned 過戶opening price 開盤closing price 收盤hard times 低潮business recession 景氣衰退doldrums 景氣停滯dull 盤整ease 松弛raising limit 漲停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 債券Wall Street 華爾街short term loan 短期貸款long term loan 長期貸款medium term loan 中期貸款lender 債權(quán)人creditor 債權(quán)人debtor 債

10、務(wù)人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 貼現(xiàn),折扣rediscount 再貼現(xiàn)annuity 年金maturity 到期日,償還日amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付redemption 償還insurance 保險mortgage 抵押allotment 撥款short term credit 短期信貸consolidated debt 合并債務(wù)funded debt 固定債務(wù),長期債務(wù)floating debt 流動債務(wù)drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance,

11、grant, subsidy 補貼,補助金,津貼short term loan 短期貸款long term loan 長期貸款medium term loan 中期貸款lender 債權(quán)人creditor 債權(quán)人debtor 債務(wù)人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 貼現(xiàn),折扣rediscount 再貼現(xiàn)annuity 年金maturity 到期日,償還日amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付redemption 償還insurance 保險mortgage 抵押allotment 撥

12、款short term credit 短期信貸consolidated debt 合并債務(wù)funded debt 固定債務(wù),長期債務(wù)floating debt 流動債務(wù)drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 補貼,補助金,津貼cost 成本,費用expenditure, outgoings 開支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 營業(yè)間接成本overheads 雜項開支,間接成本operating costs 生產(chǎn)費用,營業(yè)成本operating expenses 營業(yè)費用running expenses 日常費

13、用,經(jīng)營費用miscellaneous costs 雜項費用overhead expenses 間接費用,管理費用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 維修費用,養(yǎng)護費用transport costs 運輸費用social charges 社會負擔費用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有費用apportionment of expenses 分攤費用income 收入,收益earnings 利潤,收益gross income, gross earnings 總收入,總收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利

14、,總利潤,利益毛額net income 純收益,凈收入,收益凈額average income 平均收入national income 國收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利潤率,贏利率yield 產(chǎn)量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 稅taxation system 稅制taxation 征稅,納稅fiscal charges 財務(wù)稅收progressive taxation 累進稅制graduated tax 累進稅value added tax 增值稅income tax 所得稅l

15、and tax 地租,地價稅excise tax 特許權(quán)稅basis of assessment 估稅標準taxable income 須納稅的收入fiscality 檢查tax-free 免稅的tax exemption 免稅taxpayer 納稅人tax collector 收稅員China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中國國際貿(mào)易促進委員會National Council for US-China Trade 美中貿(mào)易全國理事會Japan-China Economic Association 日

16、中經(jīng)濟協(xié)會Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本國際貿(mào)易促進會British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英國國際貿(mào)易促進委員會International Chamber of Commerce 國際商會International Union of Marine Insurance 國際海洋運輸保險協(xié)會International Alumina Association 國際鋁礬土協(xié)會Universal Postal Union, UPU 萬國

17、郵政聯(lián)盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 關(guān)稅合作理事會United Nations Trade and Development Board 聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展理事會Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 經(jīng)濟合作與開發(fā)組織European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體European Free Trade Association, EFTA 歐洲貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟European Free Trade Area

18、, EFTA 歐洲貿(mào)易區(qū)Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 經(jīng)濟互助委員會Eurogroup 歐洲集團Group of Ten 十國集團Committee of Twenty（Paris Club） 二十國委員會Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎統(tǒng)籌委員會Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市場（加勒比貿(mào)易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organi

19、zation, ATO 安第斯共同市場Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市場African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲與馬爾加什共同組織East African Common Market, EACM 東非共同市場Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非關(guān)稅經(jīng)濟同盟West African Economic Communi

20、ty, WAEC 西非經(jīng)濟共同體Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油輸出國組織Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油輸出國組織Commonwealth Preference Area 英聯(lián)邦特惠區(qū)Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法國對外貿(mào)易中心Peoples Bank of China 中國人銀行Bank of Ch

21、ina 中國銀行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 國際復興開發(fā)銀行World Bank 世界銀行International Development association, IDA 國際開發(fā)協(xié)會International Monetary Found Agreement 國際貨幣基金協(xié)定International Monetary Found, IMF 國際貨幣基金組織European Economic and Monetary Union 歐洲經(jīng)濟與貨幣同盟European Monetary Coopera

22、tion Fund 歐洲貨幣合作基金B(yǎng)ank for International Settlements, BIS 國際結(jié)算銀行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲開發(fā)銀行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美國進出口銀行National city Bank of New York 花旗銀行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美豐銀行American Express Co. Inc. 美國萬國寶通銀行The Chase Bank 大通銀行Inter-American Development Ba

23、nk, IDB 泛美開發(fā)銀行European Investment Bank, EIB 歐洲投資銀行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米蘭銀行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士聯(lián)合銀行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦銀行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 東京銀行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港匯豐銀行International Finance Corporation, IFC 國際金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同體Economic and Social Co

24、uncil, ECOSOC 聯(lián)合國經(jīng)濟及社會理事會United Nations Development Program, NUDP 聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 聯(lián)合國資本開發(fā)基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 聯(lián)合國工業(yè)發(fā)展組織United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會議Food and Agricultural Organization

25、, FAO 糧食與農(nóng)業(yè)組織, 糧農(nóng)組織Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 歐洲經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亞洲及遠東經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亞經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲經(jīng)濟委員會Overseas Chinese Investment Compa

26、ny 華僑投資公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 紐約證券交易所London Stock Market 倫敦貢市場Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波羅的海商業(yè)和航運交易所instruction, education 教育culture 文化primary education 初等教育secondary education 中等教育higher education 高等教育the three Rs 讀、寫、算school year 學年term, trimester 學季semester 學期school day 教學日

27、school holidays 假期curriculum 課程subject 學科discipline 紀律timetable 課程表class, lesson 課homework 家庭作業(yè)exercise 練習dictation 聽寫spelling mistake 拼寫錯誤（short） course 短訓班seminar 研討班playtime, break 課間,休息to play truant, to play hooky 逃學,曠課course （of study） 學業(yè)student body 學生（總稱）classmate, schoolmate 同學pupil 小學生stud

28、ent 大學生schoolboy 男生schoolgirl 女生auditor 旁聽生swot, grind 用的學生old boy 老生grant, scholarship, fellowship 獎學金holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 獎學金獲得者school uniform 校服teaching staff 教育工作者（總稱）teachers 教師（總稱）primary school teacher 小學老師teacher lecturer 大學老師professor 教授schooling 教授,授課assistant 助教headmaster 校長

29、 （女性為:headmistress）deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校長rector 校長dean 教務(wù)長laboratory assistant, lab assistant 實驗員beadle, porter 門房,學校工友games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 體育教師private tutor 私人教師,家庭教師pedagogue 文學教師（蔑稱）of school age 教齡beginning of term 開學matriculation 注冊to enroll, to enroll 予以注冊to ta

30、ke lessons （學生）上課to teach （老師）上課to study 學習to learn by heart 記住,掌握to revise, to go over 復習test 考試to test 考試to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 參加考試convocation notice 考試通知examiner 考試者board of examiners 考試團examination oral, written examination 口試,筆試question 問題question p

31、aper 試卷crib 夾帶 （美作:trot）to pass an examination （或exam）, 通過考試pass, passing grade 升級prizegiving 分配獎品to fall an examination 未通過考試failure 未考好to repeat a year 留級degree 學位graduate 畢業(yè)生to graduate 畢業(yè)project, thesis 畢業(yè)論文General Certificate of Education 中學畢業(yè)證書 （美作:high school diploma）holder of the General Cer

32、tificate of Education 中學畢業(yè)生 （美作:holder of a high school diploma）doctorate 博士學位doctor 博士competitive examination 答辯考試Chinese 語文English 英語Japanese 日語mathematics 數(shù)學science 理科gymnastics 體育history 歷史algebra 代數(shù)geometry 幾何geography 地理biology 生物chemistry 化學physics 物理physical geography 地球物理literature 文學sociol

33、ogy 社會學psycology 心理學philosophy 哲學engineering 工程學mechanical engineering 機械工程學electronic engineering 電子工程學medicine 醫(yī)學social science 社會科學agriculture 農(nóng)學astronomy 天文學economics 經(jīng)濟學politics 政治學commercial science 商學biochemistry 生物化學anthropology 人類學linguistics 語言學accounting 會計學law, jurisprdence 法學banking 銀行學

34、metallurgy 冶金學finance 財政學mass-communication 大眾傳播學journalism 新聞學atomic energy 原子能學civil engineering 土木工程architecture 建筑學chemical, engineering 化學工程accounting and statisics 會計統(tǒng)計business administration 工商管理library 圖書館學diplomacy 外交foreign language 外文botany 植物major 主修minor 輔修school 學校kindergarten 幼兒園infan

35、t school 幼兒學校primary school, junior school 小學secondary school 中學high school, secondary school 專科學校business school 商業(yè)學校technical school 工業(yè)學校technical college ?？茖W校（university） campus 大學university 大學boarding school 供膳宿的學校day school 日校,無宿舍學校,走讀學校day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走讀學生academy ?？茖W院f

36、aculty 系hall of residence 學校公寓classroom 教室lecture theatre 閱覽室 （美作:lecture theater）amphitheatre 階梯教室 （美作:amphitheater）staff room 教研室headmasters study, headmasters office 校長辦公室（assembly） hall 禮堂library 圖書館playground 操場desk 課桌blackboard 黑板（a piece of） chalk 粉筆slate pencil 石板筆wall map 掛圖skeleton map 廓圖,

37、示意圖globe 地球儀text book 課本dictionary 詞典encyclopedia 百科全書atlas地圖集satchel 書包exercise book 練習本rough not book 草稿本 （美作:scribbling pad）blotting paper 吸墨紙tracing paper 描圖紙squared paper, graph paper 坐標紙（fountain） pen 自來水筆biro, ballpoint （pen） 圓珠筆pencil 鉛筆propelling pencil 自動鉛筆pencil sharpener 鉛筆刀,轉(zhuǎn)筆刀ink 墨水ink

38、well 墨水池rubber, eraser 橡皮ruler, rule 尺slide rule 計算尺set square 三角板protractor 量角器compass, pair of compasses 圓規(guī)Ministry of Labour 勞工部 （美作epartment of Labor）labour market 勞工市場, 勞務(wù)市場Labour exchange, Employment exchange 職業(yè)介紹所 （美作:Employment Bureau）labour management 職業(yè)介紹經(jīng)紀人full employment 整日制工作to be paid

39、by the hour 按小時付酬seasonal work 季節(jié)工作piecework work 計件工作timework work 計時工作teamwork work 聯(lián)合工作shift work 換班工作assembly line work 組裝線工作 （美作:serial production）workshop 車間handicrafts, crafts 手藝, 技藝trade, craft 行當profession, occupation 職務(wù)employment, job 工作situation, post 位置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空額work permit 工

40、作許可證to apply for a job 求職, 找工作application（for a job） 求職to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 勞務(wù)合同industrial accident 勞動事故occupational disease 職業(yè)病vocational guidance 職業(yè)指導vocational training 職業(yè)訓練retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再訓練, 再培訓holidays, holiday, vacation 假期labour costs, labour input 勞

41、力成本fluctuation of labour 勞力波動 （美作f labor）worker 工作者permanent worker 長期工, 固定工personnel, staff 人員employee 職員clerk, office worker 辦公室人員salary earner 雇傭工人workman 工人organized labour 參加工會的工人skilled worker 技術(shù)工人unskilled worker 非技術(shù)工人specialized worker 熟練工人farm worker 農(nóng)場工人labourer worker 農(nóng)業(yè)工人day labourer 日工s

42、easonal worker 季節(jié)工collaborator 合作者foreman 工頭trainee, apprentice 學徒工apprenticeship 學徒artisan, craftsman 工匠specialist 專家night shift 夜班shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏勞力working class 工人階級proletarian 無產(chǎn)者proletariat 無產(chǎn)階級trade union 工會 （美作:labor union）trade unionist 工團主義者trade unionism 工團主義guil

43、d 行會,同會,公會association, society, union 協(xié)會emigration 移,移居employer 雇主,老板shop steward （工廠的）工會代表 （美作:union delegate）delegate 代表representative 代表works council 勞資聯(lián)合委員會labour law 勞工法working day, workday 工作日full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time

44、 work 半日工作working hours 工作時間overtime 業(yè)余時間remuneration 報酬pay, wage, salary 工資wage index 工資指數(shù)minimum wage 最低工資basic wage 基礎(chǔ)工資gross wages 全部收入net, real wages 實際收入hourly wages, wage rate per hour 計時工資monthly wages 月工資weekly wages 周工資piecework wage 計件工資maximum wage 最高工資 （美作:wage ceiling）sliding scale 按物價

45、計酬法payment in kind 用實物付酬daily wages 日工資premium, bonus, extra pay 獎勵payday 發(fā)工資日, 付薪日pay slip 工資單payroll 薪水冊unemployment benefit 失業(yè)救濟old-age pension 退休金,養(yǎng)老金collective agreement 工會代表工人與資方代表達成的協(xié)議retirement 退休claims 要求strike 罷工striker 罷工者go-slow 怠工（美作:slow-down）lockout 停工（業(yè)主為抵制工人的要求而停工）staggered strike 階

46、段性罷工strike picket 罷工糾察隊員strike pay 罷工津貼（由工會給的）strikebreaker, blackleg 破壞罷工者down tools, sit-down strike 靜坐demonstration, manifestation 示威sanction 制裁unemployment 失業(yè)seasonal unemployment 季節(jié)性失業(yè)underemployment 不充分就業(yè)unemployed man 失業(yè)者（個人）the unemployed 失業(yè)者（集體）to discharge, to dismiss 辭退,開除,解雇dismissal 開除,

47、解雇to terminate a contract 結(jié)束合同,結(jié)束契約negotiation 談判collective bargaining 勞資雙方就工資等問題談判receptionist 接待員typist 打字員key puncher 電腦操作員stenographer 速記員telephone operator 電話接線員programmer 電腦程序員system analyst 系統(tǒng)分析員shorthand typist 速記打字員office girl 女記事員public servants 公務(wù)員national public servant 國家公務(wù)員local public

48、 service employee 地方公務(wù)員nation railroad man 國營鐵路職員tracer 繪圖員illustrator 匯稿員saleswoman 女店員pilot 駕駛員simultaneous 同時譯員publisher 出版人員graphic designer 美術(shù)設(shè)計員delivery boy 送報員secretary 秘書policeman 警察journalist 記者editor 編輯interpreter 通譯者director 導演talent 星探actor 男演員actress 女演員photographer 攝影師scholar 學者transla

49、tor 翻譯家novelist 小說家playwright 劇作家linguist 語言學家botanist 植物學家economist 經(jīng)濟學家chemist 化學家scientist 科學家philosopher 哲學家politician 政治學家physicist 物理學家astropologist 人類學家archaeologist 考古學家geologist 地質(zhì)學家expert on folklore 俗學家mathematician 數(shù)學家biologist 生物學家zoologist 動物學家statistician 統(tǒng)計學家physiologist 生理學家futurolo

50、gist 未來學家artists 藝術(shù)家painter 畫家musician 音樂家composer 作曲家singer 歌唱家designer 設(shè)計家sculptor 雕刻家designer 服裝設(shè)計師fashion coordinator 時裝調(diào)配師dressmaker 女裝裁剪師cutter 裁剪師sewer 裁縫師tailor 西裝師傅beautician 美容師model 模特ballerina 芭蕾舞星detective 刑警chief of police 警察局長taxi driver 出租車司機clerk 店員mailman 郵差newspaper boy 報童bootblack 擦鞋童poet 詩人copywriter 撰稿人producer 制片人newscaster 新聞評論人milkman 送奶人merchant 商人florist 賣花人baker 面包師greengrocer 菜販fish-monger 魚販butcher 肉販shoe-maker 鞋匠saleswoman 女店員stewardess 空