Unit 8 現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語第二冊

1、Unit 8 The Man in AsbestosBy Stephen Leacock1. Warming-up nWhat kind of a world would you like to have in future? Can you foresee a future world where there is no death, no disease, no suffering, no hunger, no war, no need for work; no terrible weather changes, no typhoon, no flood and drought? Is i

2、t scientifically possible? Is it desirable?nWhat kind of a world would we have if all our dreams should come true?nWhat would the logical consequences be if these changes were to take place? What would happen if human beings no longer had any desires or worries?2. About the author and the text nStep

3、hen Leacock (1869-1944) is one of the founding parents of Canadian letters and literature. nIn the early 20th century, his reputation as a humorist and a political economist was not limited by the boundaries of Canada but spread around the world. The Stephen Leacock Medal for Humour has been awarded

4、 yearly since 1947 to the best humorous book by a Canadian author. 3. About the textnThis is an allegory of the future about how utopian ideas led to human disaster.n Can we give a clear-cut moral judgment of utopia and dystopia, and say one is completely good and the other is completely wrong?4. St

5、ructure of the textnPart 1 (Paras. 16):nThe narrator plunged into a distant future to witness its marvels.nPart 2 (Paras. 778):nWhat the narrator witnessed there helped him make up his mind to return to the old world.nPart 2 (Paras. 7981):nThe narrator woke up to find himself in his hotel room.Part

6、1 (Paras. 1 ):Part 2 (Paras. ):Part 3 (Paras. ):Text AnalysisText AnalysisStructure6778 The narrator plunged into a distant future to witness its marvels.What the narrator witnessed there helped him make up his mind to return to the old world.79-81The narrator woke up to find himself in his hotel ro

7、om.Language pointsn1. to begin with: n1) at first起初；開始I found it tiring to begin with but I soon got used to it.我起初覺得很累，但不久便適應(yīng)了。n2）used to introduce the first point you want to make 首先；第一點What was it you didnt like?Well, to begin with, our room was far too small你不喜歡的是什么呢？唔，首先是，我們的屋子太小了。n2. admit (to

8、) sth n (to) doing sthn (to sb) thatnShe admits (to) being strict with her children.nDont be afraid to admit (to) your mistakes.nHe admitted all his mistakes.nThey freely admit that they still have a lot to learn.他們坦率承認(rèn)，他們要學(xué)的東西還很多。nadmit of 容許有nThe facts admit of no other explanation. 事實不容質(zhì)疑。nI must

9、 admit 我必須承認(rèn)，我得承認(rèn)nfreely/openly admit 坦白；公開承認(rèn)nbe admitted to (the ) hospital 被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院nadmit defeat 承認(rèn)失敗，認(rèn)輸nfrom: used to state the cause of sth 因為, 由于 Death rates from accidents have declined. 事故的死亡率已經(jīng)下降。 She felt sick from tiredness. 她累得渾身不對勁。nat will: whenever or wherever you like 任意；隨意 They were abl

10、e to come and go at will. 他們能夠來去自由。nplunge into sth: to start doing sth in an enthusiastic way, esp without thinking carefully about what you are doing 熱情投入；貿(mào)然行動 She was about to plunge into her story when the phone rang. 她剛要開始大談她的經(jīng)歷，電話響了。nheadfirst: adv. 1)頭朝前地 fall/plunge headfirst I fell head-fir

11、st down the stairs. 我一頭栽下樓梯。 2）輕率地，倉促地n7. be a witness to/of sth: to see sth take place 目擊，看見（某事發(fā)生） He has been witness to a terrible accident.npassage: passing (時間的)流逝；推移 Her confidence grew with the passage of time. 她的信心與日俱增。nnot have the faintest idea: to not know anything at all about sth 完全不知道

12、I didnt have the faintest idea what you meant. 我一點也不明白你的意思。nto keep/ lose track of sb/sth: to have /not have information about what is happening or where sb/sth is 了解/ 不了解的動態(tài)；與保持/失去聯(lián)系 Bank statements help you keep track of where your money is going.銀行賬單有助于你了解你的資金使用情況。 I lost all track of time. 我一點也說

13、不準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)在是什么時間。n11. gasp: v. to take a quick deep breath with your mouth open, esp because you are surprised or in pain （尤指由于驚訝或疼痛而）喘氣，喘息，倒抽氣 She gasped at the wonderful view.如此美景使他驚訝得屏住了呼吸。 They gasped in astonishment at the news. 他們聽到這消息驚訝得倒抽了一口氣。n12. die out: to stop existing滅絕；死光；消失 This species has

14、nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. 因棲息地正受到破壞這一物種已瀕于滅絕。n13. eliminate sb/sth (from sth): to remove or get rid of sb/sth: 排除；消除；清除 Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash. 有了信用卡就用不著攜帶很多現(xiàn)金。 The police have eliminated two suspects from their investigation.警方通過調(diào)查已經(jīng)排除了兩

15、名嫌疑犯。n14. reel: v. 似乎在不停旋轉(zhuǎn)；仿佛天旋地轉(zhuǎn) When he opened his eyes, the room was reeling. 他睜開眼睛時，房間似乎在不停地旋轉(zhuǎn)。n15. Humph: exclamation the way of writing the sound /h mf/ that people use to show they do not believe sth or do not approve of it （表示懷疑或不贊成）哼n16. spring: v. to appear or come somewhere suddenly突然出現(xiàn)（或

16、來到） Tears sprang to her eyes. 她眼里一下子涌出了淚水。n17. Broadway百老匯nA new York thoroughfare, extending the entire length of Manhattan Island, and known as the main theatre district of the city.n百老匯大街百老匯歌舞百老匯音樂劇灰姑娘 n百老匯著名音樂劇音樂之聲nJuliet Andrews http:/ rivet: 吸引住 I was absolutely riveted by her story. 我完全被她的故事吸

17、引住了。 My eyes were riveted on the figure lying in the road. 我眼睛盯著躺在路上的人。n19. in place of sb/sth / in sbs or sths place: instead of sb/sth代替；頂替nYou can use milk in place of cream in this recipe.這道食譜可以用牛奶代替奶油。nHe was unable to come to the ceremony, but he sent his son to accept the award in his place.他

18、不能親自來參加儀式，但派了他兒子來代他領(lǐng)獎。n20. fall into ruin:毀壞；破壞；毀滅 A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution. 革命過后，許多教堂都?xì)Я?。n21. to and fro: backwards and forwards 往返地；來回地 He rocked the baby fro and to 她來回?fù)u動著嬰兒。n22. destined for sth/ to do sth: 預(yù)定；注定；命中注定 We seem destined never to meet. 我們似乎是命中注

19、定無緣相見。 He was destined for a military career, like his father before him.他命中注定要步父親的后塵，過戎馬生涯。n23. render: v. to cause sb/sth to be in a particular state or condition使成為；使變得；使處于某狀態(tài) Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake. 成百上千的人因為地震而無家可歸。n24. do away with sb/oneself : to kill sb/on

20、eself do away with sth: to stop doing or having sth; to make sth end廢除；取消；結(jié)束 He thinks its time we did away with the monarchy. 他認(rèn)為該廢除君主制了。n25. get about/around: to move from place to place or from person to person傳播；流傳；各處走動 She gets around with the help of a stick.她拄著拐杖四處走動。 News soon got around tha

21、t he had resigned. 他辭職的消息很快傳開了。n26. surge : to move quickly and forcefully in a particular direction涌；洶涌；涌動nThe gates opened and the crowd surged forward. 大門打開了，人群向前涌去。nFlood waters surged into their homes. 洪水涌進(jìn)了他們的房子。n27. back and forth: from one place to another and back again repeatedly 反復(fù)來回nferr

22、ies sailing back and forth between the island and the mainland 往返于那個島嶼和大陸之間的渡船n28. open-mouthed: adj. with your mouth open because you are surprised or shocked (因驚愕)張著口的，瞠目結(jié)舌的，目瞪口呆的n29. pull ones senses together/ pull oneself together: to take control of your feelings and behave in a calm way使自己鎮(zhèn)定自若

23、（或冷靜）nStop crying and pull yourself together! 別哭了，要控制住自己的感情/振作起來。n30. I must go at it systematically: I must do/ work at/ deal with it in an orderly way. ngo at sth: to make great efforts to do sth; to work hard at sth 拼命干；賣力干nThey went at the job as if their lives depended on it. 他們干起活來好像性命攸關(guān)似的。n31

24、. bit by bit: a piece at a time; gradually一點一點地；逐漸地nHe assembled the model aircraft bit by bit. 他把飛機(jī)模型一點一點地組裝起來。nBit by bit memories of the night came back to me. 我漸漸回憶起了那晚的點點滴滴。n32. assent (to sth): 同意；贊成nHe nodded (his) assent. 他點頭同意了。nThe director has given her assent to the proposals. 負(fù)責(zé)人已表示同意提案

25、。n33. do sb good: 對某人有好處ndo no good/not do any good: to not have any useful effect沒有用處nTry and persuade her if you like, but I dont think itll do any good!如果你愿意，想辦法說服她吧，但我認(rèn)為這沒有什么用。n34. the more, the more/ the less越越nIts simple. The more preparation you do now, the less nervous youll be before the ex

26、am. 這很簡單。你現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備得越充分，考試前你就越不會緊張。n35. catch (sth) (in/on sth): to become stuck in or on sth; to make sth become stuck 鉤住，夾??；絆住nHer dress caught on a nail. 她的連衣裙被釘子鉤住了。nHe caught his thumb in the door. 他的拇指被門夾住了。n36. beat sb out: AmE to defeat someone in a competition 戰(zhàn)勝，打敗nRoberts beat out Tony Gwynn f

27、or the Most Valuable Player Award. 羅伯茨擊敗托尼格溫活得最有價值球員獎。n37. Agriculture went overboard: agriculture died out.nto go overboard: to fall over the side of the boat into the water.n38. Eating and all that goes with it: eating and everything related to itngo with sth/ go together: 1) to matchn2) to exist

28、at the same time or in the same place as sth; to be found together與某事同時（或同地）存在；與某事相伴而生nDisease often goes with poverty./ Disease and poverty often go together.疾病與貧窮常常相伴而生。nQuestion: Do you think humanity can conquer nature one day? Why or Why not? Please give your opinions about the relationship bet

29、ween human beings and nature. n39. concentrated: adj. made stronger because water or other substances have been removed 濃縮的nconcentrated orange juice 濃縮橙汁na concentrated solution of salt in water濃縮鹽水溶液n40. the revolt of women: is referring to womens liberation movement.nrevolt: a protest against aut

30、hority, esp that of a government 反抗；違抗；起義；叛亂nQuestion: What was the authors general attitude toward fashion? Whats your opinion about fashion? Good or bad?n41. launch into sth/ launch yourself into sth: to begin sth in an enthusiastic way, esp sth that will take a long time （熱情地）開始做，投入nHe launched i

31、nto a lengthy account of his career. 他開始啰啰嗦嗦地講述自己的工作經(jīng)歷。n42. harangue: n. a long loud angry speech that criticizes sb/sth or tries to persuade people to do sth義憤填膺的譴責(zé)；慷慨激昂的勸說n43. rest on/ upon sb/sth: n1) to depend or rely on sb/sth依靠；依賴nAll our hopes now rest on you. 現(xiàn)在所有的希望都寄托在你的身上。n2）to look at sb

32、/sth 凝視；凝望nHer eyes rested on the piece of paper in my hand. 她的目光落在我手里的一張紙上。n44. due to sb/sth: caused by sb/sth; because of sb/sth 由于；因為nThe teams success was largely due to her efforts. 這個隊的成功在很大程度上是她努力的結(jié)果。n45. toss: v. to move or make sb/sth move from side to side or up and down（使）搖擺，揮動；顛簸nbranch

33、es were tossing in the wind. 樹枝隨風(fēng)搖曳。ncouldnt sleep but kept tossing and turning in bed all night.n我徹夜在床上輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)不能成眠。nOur boat was being tossed by the huge waves. 我們的船隨著巨浪顛簸。n46. the texture of life: the kind of life or the quality of lifen47. be bound together by/in sth: to be closely connected 因(或在方面)

34、密切聯(lián)系ncommunities bound together by customs and traditions 因習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)而結(jié)合在一起的社區(qū)n48. keen: enthusiastic about an activity or idea, etc. 熱情的；熱心的na keen sportsman 熱心運動的人none of the keenest supporters of the team這個隊最熱情的支持者之一n49. presently: 1)at the time you are speaking or writing; now 此刻；現(xiàn)在；眼下n2）（written）use

35、d to show that sth happened after a short time (表示很快就發(fā)生了)nPresently, the door opened again and three men stepped out. 不久，門又打開了，走出來三個人。n50. dangle: v. to hang or swing freely 懸垂；懸掛；懸蕩；懸擺nA single light bulb dangled from the ceiling. 天花板上孤零零地懸吊著一只燈泡。n51. remains: the parts of ancient objects and build

36、ings that have survived and are discovered in the present day古代遺物；古跡；遺跡；遺址nprehistoric remains 史前遺跡nthe remains of a Roman fort 羅馬要塞的遺址n52. what became, has become, will become of sb/sth? used to ask what has happened or what will happen to sb/sth（遭遇）如何；（結(jié)果）怎么樣nWhat became of that student who used t

37、o live with you? 以前和你住在一起的那個學(xué)生后來怎么樣了？nI dread to think what will become of them if they lose their home. 我不敢設(shè)想他們?nèi)绻麩o家可歸將會怎么樣。n53. cut (sth) out: to (make sth) stop working停止; 戒除nThe radio cut out suddenly. n收音機(jī)突然停了。nThe doctor said I must cut overwork out. n醫(yī)生說我必須停止過度勞累。 n54. needless: not necessary

38、because it could have been avoided不必要的；可以避免的nneedless anxiety/ suffering 不必要的焦慮/痛苦nBanning smoking would save needless deaths. 禁止吸煙會免除不必要的死亡。n55. hunt sth down: to search for sth until you find it搜尋，尋找（某物）n56. one by one: separately and in order 逐個地；逐一地nI went through the items on the list one by on

39、e. 我逐條看了清單上的條目。n57. take steps to do sth; 采取措施做某事nWe are taking steps to prevent pollution. 我們正在采取措施防止污染。n58. dreary: adj. that makes you feel sad; dull and not interesting 令人沮喪的；沉悶的；枯燥無味的na dreary winters day 陰沉的冬日 na dreary film 枯燥無味的影片na long and dreary journey on the train 火車上漫長而乏味的旅程n59. the fr

40、uit/fruits of sth: the good results of an activity or a situation成果；成效；結(jié)果nto enjoy the fruits of your labours 享受你艱苦勞動的成果nThe book is the fruit of years of research.這本書是多年研究的成果。n60. nay: 1) (old-fashioned) used to emphasize sth you have just said by introducing a stronger word or phrase (強(qiáng)調(diào)剛提及之事)不僅如此

41、，而且nSuch a policy is difficult, nay impossible. 這一政策很難實施，甚至是不可能的。n2）no 不n61. ponder (about/on/over): to think about sth carefully for a period of time 沉思；考慮；琢磨nShe pondered over his words. 她反復(fù)琢磨他的話。nThe senator pondered the question for a moment. 這位參議員考慮了一下這個問題。n62. reflect (on/upon sth): to think c

42、arefully and deeply about sth認(rèn)真思考；沉思nBefore I decide, I need time to reflect.nShe was left to reflect on the implication of her decision. 由她負(fù)責(zé)考慮她這個決定會牽扯哪些問題。n63. How, why, where, who, etc. on earth: used to emphasize the question you are asking you are surprised or angry or cannot think of an obviou

43、s answer（加強(qiáng)疑問句的語氣）到底；究竟nWhat on earth are you doing?你究竟在干什么？nHow on earth can she afford that? 她怎么可能負(fù)擔(dān)得起呢？n64. improve on/upon sth: to achieve or produce sth that is of a better quality than sth else 改進(jìn)；做出比更好的成績nWeve certainly improved on last years figures.我們的業(yè)績的確超過了去年的數(shù)字。n65. strike: (of a thought

44、 or an idea想法或念頭）to come into sbs mind suddenly突然想到；一下子想起；猛地意識到nAn awful thought has just struck me.nIt suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation. 我一下子明白我們?nèi)绾文芨纳凭置媪?。Vocabulary 1-1n1. annoying/annoyedn2. astonished/astonishingn3. desolaten4. destinedn5. stagnantn6. securen7. simple/simplis

45、ticn8. commercialn9. devotedn10. educationaln11. decorativen12. marvelousn13. jealousn14. systematicn15. favorablen16. fashionablen17. momentaryn18. evidentn19. appallingn20. dreadfulVocabulary 1-2nWe use the prefix “ir-” because all these words begin with the letter “r”. All rules, however, have ex

46、ceptions. The opposite of “reasonable” for example is “unreasonable”.Vocabulary 2 Synonymsn1. obviously/clearly/doubtlesslyn2. mankindn3. sure/certain ton4. destruction/emptiness/barenessn5. houseworkn6. continue/endure/live/exist/stayn7. rebellionn8. think over/consider/reflect onVocabulary 2 Synon

47、ymsn9. take up/fill upn10. stopping/ceasing/endingn11. begin/startn12. thanks ton13. changen14. wipe outn15. ear/age/time/periodn16. make/cause to becomeVocabulary 2 Antonymsn1. finiten2. increasingn3. insanen4. economicaln5. ordinaryn6. forbidn7. dissentn8. end/discontinuen9. denyn10. livelyn11. co

48、medyn12. disconnectn13. innern14. insecurityn15. fruitfulVocabulary 4n1. what became of her in the end; I havent the faintest idean2. My brain was reelingn3. came to life; first question that sprang to his lipsn4. The simplicity of itn5. evidently entered a new epoch; shift our emphasisVocabulary 4n

49、6. reflect onn7. It rendered me speechlessn8. I stood riveted in astonishment; pull my senses togethern9. humanity was destined ton10. Our country side has changed. In place of huts and straw cottages, we have now fashionable buildings of glass and steel. But thats not the whole story. In place of f

50、lowers, trees, singing birds, and clean streams we now have a world of stillness, silence, monotony, and stagnation.Vocabulary 5n1. by; downn2. out; on; for; ton3. for; onn4. at; withn5. In; about; by; in place ofn6. of; ofn7. down; backn8. of; inton9. in; upn10. forward; onthe more., the more.句型的用法

51、n1.the more., the more.句型常表示越就越,是一個復(fù)合句,其中前面的句子是狀語從句,后面的句子是主句。the用在形容詞或副詞的比較級前,more代表形容詞或副詞的比較級。例如: The more he gets, the more he wants. 他越來越貪。 The more she learns, the more she wants to learn. 她越學(xué)越想學(xué)。n2.the more., the more.句型,主從句的時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。例如:The higher the ground is, the thinner air becomes.

52、離地面越高,空氣就越稀薄。 The harder he worked, the more he got. 他工作越努力,得到的就越多。n3. 若主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時,從句的謂語動詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例如: The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越用功,進(jìn)步就越大。 The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer. 戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)得越久,那里的人們受難就越多。Grammar 1n4. 若比較級作表語且不位于句首時,可以不用the。例如

53、: When we are more in danger, we should be braver. 越是危險,我們越應(yīng)勇敢。n5. 在這種句型中,主句在程度上隨著從句變化而變化,常把被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分提前。例如:The faster you run, the better it will be. 你跑得越快越好。n6. 這種句型的特點是前后都可以有所省略。特別是諺語、俗語,只要意義明確,越簡練越好。例如: The more , the better.多多益善。 The sooner, the better. 越早越好。 Grammar 1n7. 這種句型中的比較部分通常是狀語、賓語、表語,也可以是主

54、語。例如: The more English you practice, the better your English is.你練習(xí)英語越多,你的英語就越好。 The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高興。 The more air there is inside the tyre, the greater pressure there is in it. 輪胎里空氣越多,承受的壓力就越大。 n8. 若表示越越不時,常用the more., the less.句型。例如:The more she flatters me, the less I

55、like her. 她越逢迎我,我越不喜歡她。n9. 若表示越不就越時,常用the less., the more.句型。例如:The less he worried, the better he worked. 他越不煩惱,工作就干得越好。Grammar 1n1. the better you writen2. the wiser they becomen3. the sooner you will be able to solve itn4. the harder you falln5. The sooner he faces realityGrammar 1n6. The more you succeedn7. the less dependent you will be on other peoplen8. drove faster and fastern9. he became more and more conceitedn10. life in this countr