高英--課后答案

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Lesson One1. And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.2. Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those w

2、ho are prepared to lose.In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each others lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbe

3、d in each others private lives. 5. .it could still go ignorantly on .The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6. There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit dow

4、n at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8. Engl

5、ish had come royally into its own.English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase , the Kings English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower c

6、lasses.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11. There is al

7、ways a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.a. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other,

8、they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管動物之間的交流方式多么復(fù)雜，它們不能參與到稱得上是交談的任何活動中。b. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation.爭論會經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)于交談中，但爭論的目的不是為了說服。交談中沒有勝負之說。c. Perhaps it is because of my

9、 upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own.或許我從小就混跡于英國酒吧緣故，我認為酒吧里的閑聊別有韻味。d. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it -she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind-but her remark fell quite n

10、aturally into the talk.我不記得是什么使得我的一個同伴說起它來的-她顯然不是來酒吧說這個的，這不是她事先想好的話題-但她的話相當自然地插入到了交談中。e. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .”下層社會總會抵制上層社會企圖給“標準英語”制定得規(guī)則。f. Words are not themselves a reality ,but only

11、 representations of it ,and the Kings English ,like the Anglo-French of the Normans , is a class representation of reality.詞語本身并不是現(xiàn)實。正如諾曼底人講的英格魯-法語一樣，標準英語是一個階層用來表達現(xiàn)實的形式。g. Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict , and made immune to change from below.或許試著去說

12、它還是值得的，但是它不能被制定成法令，從而拒絕來自下層的變化。h. There is no worse conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing , or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.如果一個人說出的話就像寫出來的文字，或者試圖使用那些創(chuàng)作書面散文的文字，那么沒有比這樣的交談?wù)吒愀獾牧?。i. When E.M. Forster

13、 writes of “ the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase , the force and even terror in the image.當E.M.福斯特寫到“我們這個時代的險惡長廊”時，其用語之生動及由其所產(chǎn)生的生動有力，甚至可怖的形象苦令我們拍案叫絕。j. There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at once the meeting of

14、 “ the Kings English.”那天晚上如果我們立刻解決了“標準英語”的含義，就不會有第二天晚上的談話了。 Lesson Two1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of

15、land on which a building was going to be put up. 2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings). 3. They rise out of the earth,

16、 they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-l

17、egs at lightning speed. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews .Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a

18、 great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford. 7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. However,

19、 a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings. 9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Dist

20、ressed Areas. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.Life is very hard for ninety percent of the peopleWith hard

21、backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal12. People with

22、 brown skins are next door to invisible. People with brown skins are almost invisible13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms.The Senegales soldiers were wearing readymade khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful wellbuilt bodies14. How long before they turn their guns i

23、n the other direction? How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. Every white man there had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mindl When you walk through a town like this - two hundre

24、d thousand inhabitants of whom at least twenty thousand own literally nothing except the rags they stand up in - when you see how the people live, and still more how easily they die, it is always difficult to believe that you are walking among human beings.當你穿行于這樣的城鎮(zhèn)中20萬居民中至少有2萬人除了一身勉強蔽體的破衣爛衫外，一無所有當

25、你看到這些人是如何生活，又如何輕易死亡時，你總是很難相信自己是行走在人類之中。l When you go through the Jewish quarters you gather some idea of what the medieval ghettoes were probably like.當你穿過猶太人聚居區(qū)時，你就會了解中世紀的貧民區(qū)大概是個什么樣子。l Many of the streets are a good deal less than six feet wide, the houses are completely windowless, and sore-eyed c

26、hildren cluster everywhere i unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.很多街道遠遠不足6英尺寬，房屋根本沒有窗戶，眼睛腫痛的孩子成群結(jié)隊 ，隨處可見，像成群的蒼蠅，數(shù)也數(shù)不清。l Even a blind man somewhere at the back of one of the booths heard a rumour of cigarettes and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand.甚至在后面的窩棚里的一個盲人聽到要煙的吵嚷聲也爬了出來，

27、伸手在空中亂摸。l 5.Ah, thats only for show! Theyre all money lenders really.噢！那只不過是裝樣子罷了。實際上他們都是些放貸獲利的人。l 6.In just the same way, a couple of hundred years ago, poor old women used to be burned for witchcraft when they could not even work enough magic to get themselves a square meal.頗為相似的是，幾百年前，有些可憐的老婦人常常被

28、當成巫婆活活燒死，但事實上她們連為自己變出一頓像樣的飯菜的巫術(shù)都沒有。l 7.It takes in the dried-up soil, the prickly pear, the palm tree and the distant mountain, but it always misses the peasant hoeing at his patch.那干巴巴的土地，仙人掌，棕櫚樹和遠方的山嶺被盡收眼底，但在地里耕作的農(nóng)民卻往往沒人看見。l 8.Most of Morocco is so desolate that no wild animal bigger than a hare c

29、an live on it.摩洛哥大部分土地都很荒涼，以至于那里生存的最大的野生動物就是野兔。l 9.Except for a day or two after the rare rainstorms there is never enough water.除了難得的暴雨之后的一兩天之外，這里總是缺水。l 10.It seems to be generally the case in primitive communities that the women, when they get beyond a certain age, shrink to the size of children.在

30、原始社會里，婦女超過了一定的年紀身材便會萎縮得如孩子般大小，這似乎是一個普遍現(xiàn)象。Lesson Three1. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe.Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to claim all men were created equal and God had endowed them with certain unalienable rights which

31、no state or ruler could take away from them. However ,today this issue has not yet been settled in many countries around the world .2. This much we pledge- and more.This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.United a

32、nd working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a large number of joint undertakings.4. .our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace.The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have

33、far surpassed the instruments of peace.5. .to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in force.6. .before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planne

34、d or accidental self-destruction.Before the terrible forces of destruction, which atomic bombs can now release,overwhelm mankind, which may be planned or brought about by an accident7. .yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the band of mankinds final war.Yet both group

35、s of nations are attempting to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power that restrains each group from launching mankind;s final war.8. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness.So let us start once again , bearing

36、in mind that being polite is not a sign of weakness.9. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.10. .each generation of Americans has bee

37、n summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country by frighting and dying for their countrys cause.11. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth

38、 to lead the land we love.Let us lead the country we love , knowing our sure reward will be a good conscience and history will finally judge whether we have done our task well or not. l We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning ,

39、signifying renewal as well as change.我們今天慶祝的不是一個政黨的勝利，而是一個自由的盛會，它代表這一個時代的結(jié)束和另一個時代的開端，它代表著重生和改變。l Let the word go forth from this time and place , to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century,tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and

40、bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed , and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.此時此地我向朋友和敵人宣布：火炬已經(jīng)傳遞給了新一代的美國人，他們出生于本世紀，經(jīng)受過戰(zhàn)爭的洗禮，受過冷峻而苦澀的和平的考驗，以我們的古

41、代遺產(chǎn)為傲，不愿意見到或者允許這些人權(quán)被逐漸取消。這個國家一直致力于維護這些人權(quán)，如今我們在國內(nèi)和全世界也在維護這些人權(quán)。l Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price , bear any burden, meet any hardship , support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.讓世界上每一個希望我們成功或窘迫的國家知道：我們將不惜任

42、何代價，承擔任何責任，應(yīng)對任何艱難，支持一切朋友，反對一切敵人，以確保自由的幸存和成功。l United , there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. 只要我們團結(jié)起來，我們將在大量的合作型事業(yè)中戰(zhàn)無不勝。l Divided, there is little we can do ,for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.如果分裂開來，我們將一事無成，因為我們不能在爭執(zhí)中去應(yīng)對巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，我們的關(guān)系會崩裂。l If

43、a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.如果自由的社會不能幫助多數(shù)窮人，它就不能拯救少數(shù)的富人。l We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.我們不敢以軟弱來誘惑它們。因為只有當我們的軍備力量無疑是非常充

44、足的時候，我們才能確保不會使用武力。l In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine,will rest the final success or failure of our course.我們的同胞們，我們事業(yè)成敗的關(guān)鍵與其說掌握在我的手中，不如說掌握在你們的手中。l Now the trumpet summons us again-not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle , though embattled we are; but

45、 a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle , year in and year out , “rejoicing in hope , patient in tribulation,” a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny , poverty disease and war itself.現(xiàn)在號角再次向我們吹響-不是號召我們扛起武器，雖然我們需要武器；不是號召我們?nèi)⒓討?zhàn)斗，雖然我們嚴陣以待；而是號召我們?yōu)橛永杳鞫缲撈鹇L斗爭的責任，年復(fù)一年，”從希望中得

46、到歡樂，在苦難中保持堅韌“， 去反對人類共同的敵人：專制、貧困、疾病和戰(zhàn)爭本身l With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds,let us go forth to lead the land we love , asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth Gods work must truly be our own.良心是我們唯一可靠的報酬，歷史是我們行為的最終裁判，讓我們出發(fā)去

47、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們所熱愛的國家，祈求上帝的祝福和幫助，但是要明白上帝在人間的工作畢竟就是我們自己的工作。Lesson Four1. A nice enough young fellow, you understand ,but nothing upstairs.He is a nice enough young fellow,you know , but he is empty-headed.2. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.A passing fashion or craze ,in my opinion, shows a compl

48、ete lack of reason.3. I should have known theyd come back when the Charleston came back.I should have known that raccoon coats would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s,came back.4. “All the Big Men on Campus are wearing them. Where ve you been?”All the imp

49、ortant and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you dont know?5. My brain , that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is precision instrument, began to work at high speed.6. With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectly.Except for one thing(in

50、telligence)Polly had all the other requirements.7. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.8. In fact, she veered in the opposite direct

51、ion.In fact, she went in the opposite direction,that is , she was not intelligent but rather stupid.9. “ In other words ,if you were out of the picture,the field would be open. Is that right?”If you were no longer involved with her, others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend.10. Back

52、 and forth his head swiveled , desire waxing, resolution waning. His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat and then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to abandon Polly became weaker.11. This loomed as a project of

53、no small dimensions. To teach her to think seemed to be a rather big task.12. Admittedly it was not a prospect fraught with hope ,but I decided to give it one more try.One must admit the outcome did not look very hopeful, but I decided to try one more time.13. There is a limit to what flesh and bloo

54、d can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear .14. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein , and my monster had me by the throat.I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but I turned out to be Frankenstein because Polly ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan.

55、15. Frantically I fought back the tide of panic surging through me .Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic which was overwhelming me.l My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as chemists scales. As penetrating as a scalpel.l 我的大腦如發(fā)電機一樣強大，像化學(xué)家的平一樣精確，像手術(shù)刀一樣鋒利。l To be swept up in eve

56、ry new craze that comes along, to surrender yourself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing it-this , to me , is the acme od mindlessness.被卷入每一股新來的時尚之中，因為其他人都是這樣做，自己也進去傻干-這對于我而言，簡直就是愚蠢至極。l Let me emphasize that my desire for this young woman was not emotional in nature.我強調(diào)一下我渴望得到這個妙齡少女不是情感的驅(qū)

57、動使然。l It is , after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.畢竟，與使這個丑陋而聰明的女孩變漂亮相比，使一個美麗的愚笨的女孩變得聰明要容易得多。l He was a torn man, First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. Then he turned away and set his jaw resolutely.他神

58、情不安。先是帶著面包店櫥窗旁邊的流浪兒的那種神情盯著大衣。然后轉(zhuǎn)過頭，堅定地咬緊牙關(guān)。l Maybe somewhere is the extinct crater of her mind , a few embers still smoldered.說不定她頭腦中死火山口某處還有悶燃的余燼。l After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs, to guide them during a trial, carpenters have blueprints to guide them when they are building a house.畢竟，外科醫(yī)生在做手術(shù)時有X 光線作為指導(dǎo)，律師在審判時有辯護狀作為指導(dǎo)，木匠在建造房子的時候