初中定語(yǔ)從句課件精心完全版 (1)

1、Its an animal that/which.Which baby is Jack?穿白褲子的baby是Jack。The baby is Jack.The baby is Jack.whose shorts are whitewho is wearing white shortsJackWhich house is mine?棕色房頂?shù)姆孔邮俏业?。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy house什么是定語(yǔ)從句呢？什么是定語(yǔ)從句呢？答案：修飾前面某一名詞或代詞答案：修飾前面某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： 先行詞先行詞

2、+ 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 + 句子句子 The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行詞先行詞_ 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞_ 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: that, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞： 指物：指物：that which 指人：指人：who (主主/賓格賓格) that whom（賓格）（賓格）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that, which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句: 如果如果先行詞先行詞是表示是表示物物的的名詞或代詞名詞或代詞，關(guān)系，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用代詞應(yīng)用t

3、hat、which. (作作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come true.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has been found.Practice: This is the house which is for sale.2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.which /

4、that 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ). (不能省不能省)（作主語(yǔ)）（作主語(yǔ)）which / that 作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ) ： （可省略）可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.This is the card which / that Ive just received. This is the mistake I always make a mistake. （作賓語(yǔ)）（作賓語(yǔ)）This is the mistake which/that I always make1.I lost the pen which my father bought me.關(guān)系代

5、詞關(guān)系代詞who, that, whom,whose引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句: 如果如果先行詞先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，是表示人的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who, that (作作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))whom (作作賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)) whosewho / that 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ). (不能省不能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is the film star who is very popular in China. eg.Do you know the man who spok

6、e at the meeting yesterday?/ that(作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))The boy who broke the window is called Roy.The boy is called Roy.He broke the windowwho / whom / that 作賓語(yǔ)：作賓語(yǔ)：( 可省略可省略)The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now.The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作賓語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)） Th

7、e boy who(m) I m looking for is my friend. The thief has been sent to prison. The police caught the thief last night. The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.小結(jié)：小結(jié)： that who 指人，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，指人，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形

8、式由從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由_定。定。既可指人，也可指物，作主語(yǔ)，既可指人，也可指物，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。指物，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；指物，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略.which 先行詞先行詞1.If you talk with someone who _ ( care ) for you, like your mom or dad, you will start to feel better. 2. Its an invention which _(be) used for keeping off the rain .caresis

9、He is the only one of the students who _ ( invite) to America. He is one of the students who _ ( invite) to America.are invitedis invited先行詞先行詞先行詞先行詞有時(shí)只能用有時(shí)只能用 that , 不用不用 which, 常見(jiàn)的情況有五種：常見(jiàn)的情況有五種： 當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody,nobody, everyone, no

10、 one 或被它們修飾時(shí)?；虮凰鼈冃揎棔r(shí)。 eg. He answered few questions that the teacher asked. Is there anything that I can do for you? 【 2012廣西玉林廣西玉林】-Now many people smoke and get ill.-So we should do something _ can help stop smoking. A. that B.which C.what 2. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí) Eg. This is the be

11、st novel that I have read. The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.【2009山東煙臺(tái)】I found some pictures of the most interesting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. that 3. 當(dāng)先行詞有當(dāng)先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修等修飾時(shí)。飾時(shí)。Thats the only thing that I can

12、do now.These are the very words that he used.4. 當(dāng)主句以當(dāng)主句以 who 或或 which開頭時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的開頭時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用關(guān)系詞用 that, 而不用而不用 which 或或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost ?【20062006年遼寧盤錦中考試題年遼寧盤錦中考試題】Who is the man _ you just talk with? A. who B. whose C. that 【20042004年常州市中

13、考試題年常州市中考試題】This is the only book _ I bought last year. A. which B. that C. what5. 先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.【2009遼寧盤錦遼寧盤錦】- What are they doing ？ -They are talking about the teachers and schools_ they visited ysterday. A. th

14、at B. which C. when whose 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),表示所屬關(guān)系。表示所屬關(guān)系。 The boy is my classmate. The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.3、（、（2008甘肅蘭州）甘肅蘭州）We all like the teachers_class is interesting and creative.A.which B.whose C.whoExercise 1 :用關(guān)系代詞填空用關(guān)系代詞填空 The boy _ is playi

15、ng ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father

16、 is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember. Say all

17、_ you know. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat當(dāng)先行詞是something, anything, nothing, all 等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)等詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the t

18、ree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.當(dāng)主句是who或或which 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，而中心詞指人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.thatthat只用只用which不用不用that的情況的情況 a) 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如：。例如： （錯(cuò)）（錯(cuò)）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 改正：改正：that改為改為which. b) 介詞后不能用。介詞后不能用。例如：例如： We depend on the

19、 land from which we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。我們依賴土地獲得食物。3.當(dāng)先行詞為當(dāng)先行詞為that，those時(shí)時(shí)Whats that which is under the desk? 定語(yǔ)從句分限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句分限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。從句。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞和關(guān)系詞常用逗非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞和關(guān)系詞常用逗號(hào)隔開，且不能用號(hào)隔開，且不能用that引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。e.g. 1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.3.He failed in the

20、 exam, _made his parents angry.whichwhich關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞：when/ where/why when 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):She will never forget the day.She was married on that day.She will never forget the day when (=on which)she was married.It was the year.The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when (= in which) the World

21、 War I broke out.When = 介詞介詞 + which where 作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)I want to know the place.I was born there.I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.where = 介詞介詞 + whichwhy 作原因狀語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ), 其先行詞常常是其先行詞常常是the reason.That is the reason why(= for wh

22、ich) Im late.I know the reason why he said it.why = for whichExercise1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.which B. when C. that2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan. which B. what C. why 3.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded. A. which B. when C. that 4. Is this the pla

23、ce _ you were born? A. which B.where C .that判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞重點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）；）； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞選擇關(guān)系副詞 （ where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)）原因狀語(yǔ)） 。判斷改錯(cuò)：判斷改錯(cuò)：1.This is the mo

24、untain village I visited last year.2.I will never forget the days I spent in the countryside. wherethat/whichwhenwhich/ that3. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher. who4. Who is the man you just shook hands with him?5. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.( where whic

25、h) 6. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.( which that) 7. The house where we live in is not very large.( where which/that) 8. The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inthe earthquake. 9. That book that you want it is on the desk. 10. Is this factory that we visited last week?th

26、e oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week.11. He is the person for whom you are looking. for12. The person to whom you talked is Lily. The person whom you talked to is Lily.歸納：1定語(yǔ)從句要避免成分重復(fù) 2定語(yǔ)從句要避免漏用先行詞 3含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget t

27、he days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. 幾種易混的情況幾種易混的情況when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichWhich/thatwhy/ for whichthat/which鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)1. Is this museu

28、m _ you visited a few days ago? A. that B. on which C. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? A. whereB. on whichC. the oneCA3.Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.4.The wind blew down the tallest tree_ is in front of our school gate.5. My favorite city is Beijing _I

29、can visit the Great Wall.6. The house _we live in is very old.7.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.that/whichthatwherethat/whichthat8.The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.9.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.10.He is the boy _hair is the shortest.11. Those _learns not onl

30、y from books but also through practice will succeed. that/whom/whothatwhosewhich鏈接中考鏈接中考（2005年哈市）年哈市）1.-Can you introduce the town to me? -OK. This is the town in _ I was born. A that B who C which（2006年哈市）年哈市）2.Im a football fan. Im interested in everything_ is about the 2006 World Cup. A. who B. t

31、hat C. where3(2007哈市哈市)Without friendship, one cant be happy although he is rich enoughAs for me, I will never forget the days_I spent with my dearest friend Athat Bwhen Cwho(2008年哈市年哈市)4. The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it? Yes, it has built many schools _ those children can

32、 study happily. A. where B. when C. which(2009年哈市年哈市 )5Ten months has passed, but Chinese people still remember those exciting days_ they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Athat Bwho Cwhen( 2010年哈市年哈市 ) 6. (2010哈爾濱哈爾濱)What do you usually do in your leisure time? I enjoy reading in the libr

33、ary _ I lose myself in a world of good books. A. A. which B. that C. where(2011年哈市年哈市)7. Get new knowledge by reviewing the old is a famous saying by Confucius(孔子孔子). He was a great thinker_ words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today. A. who B. whos C. whose (2012年哈

34、市年哈市)8.A blog(博客博客) is considered as an invention_ can express your own ideas and feelings freely. Its the room to communicate with other people online. A. that B. who C. where勇攀高峰強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練勇攀高峰強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1.He told her the reason_ he is unhappy, but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her.A. why; whyB. why; whichC. that; why2. Is this factory _some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. the one 3. Is this the factory _he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. the one 4. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which 5. Ill