中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第講-祈使句感嘆句反義ppt課件

1、五種特殊句型五種特殊句型祈使句祈使句感慨句感慨句It(方式主語(yǔ)、方式賓語(yǔ)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句方式主語(yǔ)、方式賓語(yǔ)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句倒裝句倒裝句反義疑問(wèn)句反義疑問(wèn)句 祈使句的一定句式普通分為以下三種類(lèi)型： 1.行為動(dòng)詞原形其它成分。例如： Make sentences after the model.根據(jù)例句造句。 2. Be動(dòng)詞其它成分(描畫(huà)詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等)。例如： Be careful when crossing the street.過(guò)馬路時(shí)要小心。 3. Let賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其它成分。例如： Let him go back now.讓他如今回去吧。 祈使句的否認(rèn)句式，通常情況下在句首加上Dont或Never

2、，普通分為以下三種類(lèi)型： 1.在祈使句的一定句式前加Dont，構(gòu)成Dont行為動(dòng)詞原形其它成分。例如： Dont say that again!別再那樣說(shuō)了！ 2.在Be動(dòng)詞引起的一定祈使句前加Dont，構(gòu)成Dont be其它成分(描畫(huà)詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等)。例如：Dont be careless.不要大意。 留意：在這種句型中be不能省略；否認(rèn)副詞not不可置于be之后。 3.在公共場(chǎng)所的提示語(yǔ)中，否認(rèn)祈使句常用No名詞/V-ing方式構(gòu)造，表示制止做某事。例如： NO PHOTOS!制止拍照！ 祈使句的動(dòng)作通常是表示未來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以回答祈使句時(shí)，普通用will或wont。在回答具有否認(rèn)

3、意義的祈使句時(shí)，要留意兩點(diǎn)：一是方式一致，即Yes與will堅(jiān)持一致；No與wont堅(jiān)持一致。二是意思相反，即Yes是不的意思；No是“是的意思。在回答時(shí)，要留意分析上下文語(yǔ)境中所提供的條件。 - Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 請(qǐng)不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 - Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去機(jī)場(chǎng)接我弟弟。 表示喜、怒、樂(lè)等劇烈感情時(shí)用感慨句。感慨句分為兩種：一種以what引導(dǎo)，一種以how引導(dǎo)。句尾用感慨號(hào)“！通常用感慨號(hào)。 例：Wh

4、at a clever boy he is！ 多么聰明的男孩?。?例：How clever the boy is！ 這個(gè)男孩多聰明啊！what修飾名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)，有以下兩種方式： 1. What +a(an) +描畫(huà)詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！如： What an apple this is! What a fine day it is! 2. What+(描畫(huà)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！ What kind women they are! What nice music it is! 由How引導(dǎo)的感慨句。 how用來(lái)修飾描畫(huà)詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。其構(gòu)造是：How+描畫(huà)詞副詞+主語(yǔ)

5、+謂語(yǔ)！ How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! 留意：當(dāng)how修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不跟著感慨詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。 How the runner runs! what與與how引導(dǎo)的感慨句，可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)換后意義不變。引導(dǎo)的感慨句，可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)換后意義不變。What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is! What a beautiful building it is!=How bea

6、utiful the building is! 在口語(yǔ)中，感慨句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)經(jīng)常省略。如：在口語(yǔ)中，感慨句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)經(jīng)常省略。如： What a nice present!省略省略it is How disappointed!省略省略she is或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語(yǔ)或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語(yǔ) Jim is doing his homework, isnt he? Tom wasnt watching TV at 8 yesterday, was he? You went to yesterday, didnt he? You knew nothing about him, did yo

7、u? There is little water in the cup, is there? There are a few apples in the bag, arent there? 1.Tom is good at English, isnt he? 2. Mike likes playing basketball, doesnt he? 3. I can play basketball, cant I ? 4. My father has been to twice, hasnt he ? 5. This/that is a table, isnt it? (these, those

8、- they) 反意疑問(wèn)句特殊情況1,當(dāng)陳說(shuō)部分含有l(wèi)ittle/few/never/hardly/seldom/no/neither/nobody/nothing,none等表示否認(rèn)意義的詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分要用一定方式。She has few friends, does she?She has never been there,has she?There was nothing in the box, was there?None of us knows it, do we? 2,當(dāng)陳說(shuō)部分否認(rèn)意義的詞如：unhappy, dislike,careless 等含有否認(rèn)詞綴在派生詞時(shí)，仍按一定句對(duì)

9、待，疑問(wèn)部分用否認(rèn)方式。 He looks unhappy today, doesnt he ? The girl dislikes history ,doesnt she?3，陳說(shuō)部分為I think/ believe/ suppose 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)從句的情況及整句所表達(dá)的一定或否認(rèn)意義來(lái)完成。I think he is at home isnt he?I dont believe Tom can succeed, can he ?4,當(dāng)陳說(shuō)部分是there be句型時(shí)，There are some apples. arent there?There will be robo

10、ts in peoples home in the future, wont there?5,省略的感慨句的反意疑問(wèn)句一概運(yùn)用否認(rèn)方式，并用be 的普通如今時(shí)。What a clever boy， isnt he?What beautiful girls, arent they?6,祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句Please close the door, wont you?Dont close the door, will you?Let 開(kāi)頭的祈使句Lets go, shall we?Let us go, will you?7， 陳說(shuō)部分是I am.，疑問(wèn)部分要用 arent I. Im as tal

11、l as your sister，arent I ？8,陳說(shuō)部分有have to +v.原 (had to + v.原)，疑問(wèn)部分常用dont +主語(yǔ)didnt +主語(yǔ)。 We have to get there at eight, dont we?9，陳說(shuō)部分假設(shè)為主從復(fù)合句，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)通常與主句的主語(yǔ)一致。She said he would come tomorrow, didnt she?He told us how to get to the farm, didnt he? 1.It is a fine day ,isnt it? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.

12、2. It isnt a fine day, is it? Yes(不), it is. No(是的), it isnt. 留意：永遠(yuǎn)不能夠出現(xiàn)yes后面跟否認(rèn)方式或者no 后面永遠(yuǎn)不能夠跟一定方式的情況。 對(duì)于這個(gè)句型中終究用 for還是用of，普通遵照這樣的規(guī)那么：假設(shè)描畫(huà)詞僅僅是描畫(huà)事物的描畫(huà)詞，如：difficult， easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；假設(shè)描畫(huà)詞是描畫(huà)不定式行為者的性格、質(zhì)量的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等那么用of。 It is interesting to play with snow in winter 冬

13、季里玩雪是很有趣的。 Its important for us to keep the water clean 堅(jiān)持水質(zhì)清潔對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是很重要的。 Its very kind of you to say so 他這樣說(shuō)真是太好了。 這一句式中的描畫(huà)詞位置也可換用名詞；連系動(dòng)詞be也可換用其它連系動(dòng)詞，如feel等。 Its a good habit to get up early and go to bed early 早睡早起是好習(xí)慣。 It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship 乘宇宙飛船飛往月球一定很有趣。 It feel

14、s strange to have a twin sister 有個(gè)孿生姐妹覺(jué)得很奇異。 It is certain that he will come 他一定會(huì)來(lái)。 Its true that he may fall behind the other students 他真的能夠落后于其他同窗。 It is strange that he should say so 他通暢這么說(shuō)，真是奇異。 1.It is was ones turnduty，pleasure to do sth意為“該輪到某人做某事做某事是某人的責(zé)任、愉悅的事。如： Its your turn to be on duty

15、tomorrow明天輪到他值日了。 2.It takessbsome time to do sth意為“某人花時(shí)間做某事。如： It took me a week to finish reading the book我花了一周時(shí)間看完這本書(shū)。 3.It costcosts sbsome money to do sth譯為“某人花多少錢(qián)做某事。如： It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch我買(mǎi)這塊新手表花了260元。 4.It seems seemed 從句。譯為“看起來(lái)好似，此構(gòu)造可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“seem 動(dòng)詞不定式方式。如： It seems that h

16、e is illHe seems to be ill看起來(lái)他好似病了。 it用作方式賓語(yǔ)的句型為：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)it賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞從句。該句型中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可由描畫(huà)詞、名詞等充任。 He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well 他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是不容易的。 We think it no good reading in bed 我們以為躺在床上看書(shū)無(wú)益處。 I think it necessary that we have the meeting 我以為開(kāi)這個(gè)會(huì)是必要的。 1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand

17、/ lie/ seem等)需求全部倒裝。如: There once lived an old hunter in the house. 這所房子里曾住過(guò)一位老獵人。 There seems to be many listeners. 似乎有很多聽(tīng)眾。 2. 副詞here, there, now, then等置于句首(經(jīng)常與go, come等動(dòng)詞連用),全句需求全部倒裝。如: Here comes the bus. 公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。 Now comes your turn. 如今輪到他了。 留意:假設(shè)主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞那么不用倒裝。如: Here they are. 他們?cè)谶@兒。 3. 當(dāng)上文所表達(dá)的

18、含義也適用于另一個(gè)人或物時(shí),要用so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ);此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)與前句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)相一致。如: I have finished my homework. 我曾經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。 So has he. 他也做完了。 I havent seen that film. 我沒(méi)看過(guò)那部電影。 Neither (Nor) have I. 我也沒(méi)有。 4. not only. but also.銜接兩個(gè)并列句,且not only置于句首時(shí),前句需求部分倒裝。如: Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but

19、 he disliked the way we dressed. 他不但不喜歡我們說(shuō)話的方式,而且也不喜歡我們著裝的方式。 1.Sorry，Joe. I didnt mean to.Dont call me “Joe .Im Mr. Parker to you，and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont 答案：D。 2.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you_ advertisements showing happy families.A. will often see B. o

20、ften see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 答案：A。祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句 3.Stand over there，_ youll be able to see it better.A. or B. while C.but D. and 答案：祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句 4.English has a large vocabulary，hasnt it？Yes._ more words and expressions and you will find it easier

21、 to read and communicate.A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Knew 答案：A。祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 5.Lose one hour in the morning，_you will be looking for it the rest of the day.A. but B. and C. or D. so 答案：B。祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句 6 _bad the weather is!A How B What C What a D How a 答案：A。 7

22、 _good news it is !A How B What a C How a D What 答案：D。 8 _the sunshine is!A What a bright B How a bright C How bright D what bright 答案：C。 9 _ he writes.A How good B How well C What good D What well 答案：B。 10 _ LiLei runs!A What fast boy B What fast C How fast D How a fast 答案：C。 11. Few of them hurt t

23、hemselves in the accident last night,_A. dont they B. didnt they C. did they D. do they 答案：C。前面有few表示否認(rèn)的詞，后面的疑問(wèn)構(gòu)造用一定。 12. His sister had a bad cough, _she?A. wasnt B. doesnt C. hadnt D. didnt 答案：D。前肯后否。 15. The lady couldnt say a word when she saw the snake,_?A. could the lady B. couldnt the lady C.

24、 could she D. couldnt she 答案：C。 16. Tina is unhappy now,_?A. isnt she B. is she C. is he D.did she 答案：A。有前綴變的否認(rèn)含義的詞前面的句子依然當(dāng)成一定句。 13. John can hardly understand any Chinese, _he?A. Cant B. doesnt C. can D. does 答案：C。前面有hardly表示否認(rèn)的詞，后面的疑問(wèn)構(gòu)造用一定。 14. Dont smoke in the meeting-room,_?A. do you B. will yo

25、u C. can you D. could you 答案：B。前面是祈使句用will you。 17. Everything will be OK, _ ? A. will it B. wont it C. will they D. wont they 解析：B。Everthing做主語(yǔ)，疑問(wèn)構(gòu)造中用it。 18. He said I was hardworking, _? A. did he B. didnt he C. was I D. wasnt I 解析：B。主從復(fù)合句用主句變附加疑問(wèn)句。 19. I dont think he made things worse, _? A. do

26、I B. dont I C. did he D. didnt he 答案：C。由I think等引導(dǎo)的從句要看從句來(lái)變附加疑問(wèn)句。 20. -Youve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you ?-_. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.A. Yes, I have B. No, I havent C. Certainly, I have D. Of course, I havent 答案：B。 21. I dont think _ difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years.A. that B. it C. too D. very 答案：B。It是方式主語(yǔ)真正主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。 22. It is _of you to cheat in the exam.A. dangerous B. difficult C. foolish D. kind 答案：C。It is+描畫(huà)人的描畫(huà)詞+of sb to do sth。 23. _ is very clear to everyone that he is round and tall like a tr