高考英語虛擬語氣(23張ppt)

1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣高三語法復(fù)習(xí)高三語法復(fù)習(xí)Subjunctive Mood 1.英語動詞有三種語氣，英語動詞有三種語氣， 陳述語氣，陳述語氣，祈使語氣和祈使語氣和虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。2.2. 定義：用來表示說的話定義：用來表示說的話不是事實不是事實，或者是或者是不可能發(fā)生不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小可能性比較小的的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。語氣叫虛擬語氣。一、虛擬語氣定義一、虛擬語氣定義一、非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣一、非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣四、表語從句

2、、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣五、幾種特殊的虛擬語氣五、幾種特殊的虛擬語氣一、非真實條件句一、非真實條件句所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)嵥淼募僭O(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，現(xiàn)的， 句中的句中的條件從句條件從句與與結(jié)果主句結(jié)果主句皆用皆用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。if條件從句的謂語形式條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實相事實相反反If 主語主語did（be用用were）主語主語should/would/could/might do與與過去過去事實相事實相反反If 主語主語had +動詞過去分詞動詞過去分詞主語主語should/wo

3、uld/could/might have done與與將來將來事實相事實相反反If 主語主語did（be用用were） should動詞原形動詞原形 were to動詞原形動詞原形主語主語should/would/could/might do考題點擊：考題點擊：1. I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go2. If my lawyer _ here last Sat

4、urday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, askBAC注意注意1、陳述語氣與虛擬語氣、陳述語氣與虛擬語氣典型例題典型例題1) The vol

5、leyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained2) - Would you have called her up _ possible? - Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. had it been wasB. if it was were C. if it had been had been D. if it were would beB該句為陳述語氣，因為主句用的是該句為陳述語氣，因為主句用的是 will be put off。

6、真實。真實條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代將來時條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代將來時。問句中用的是虛擬語氣，主句用問句中用的是虛擬語氣，主句用 would have called, 從句從句中與過去相反的動詞形式為中與過去相反的動詞形式為 had done；答句中表示的是；答句中表示的是真實的情況，所以該用陳述語氣。真實的情況，所以該用陳述語氣。A 注意2.虛擬倒裝虛擬倒裝句句1.Were it (=If it were) not for their help,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.2.Had I (=If I had

7、) known about it,I would have told you.3.Should anyone (=If anyone should )call, please take a message.What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? (01 上海上海)A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked fartherC 注意注意3.錯綜條件句錯綜條件句 (主從句描述的時間不一致

8、）主從句描述的時間不一致）If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A. asked would knowB. had asked would have knownC. asked him knowD. had asked would knowDIf you _ (not buy) the ticket last week, how _ you go now? If I _ (be) you, I _(take) his advice then.hadnt boughtwere would have takenwould 注意注意4. 含蓄虛擬

9、條件句含蓄虛擬條件句有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他代替條件句。引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他代替條件句。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .But for your help, I would not have succeeded.Wit

10、hout you help, I wouldnt have achieved so much.I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken D2.Without your help, we _ such rapid progress.A. couldnt make B. wouldnt makeC. will not have made D. wouldnt have made3.Jack _ yet, otherwi

11、se he would have phoned me. A. mustnt have arrivedB. shouldnt have arrivedC. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrivedDC二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1.“wish +賓語從句賓語從句” “if only +句子句子”用在虛擬語氣中用在虛擬語氣中, 表不能實現(xiàn)的愿望表不能實現(xiàn)的愿望 wish +賓語從句賓語從句1一般過去式一般過去式 （表（表“現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)的假設(shè)”)2. would/could do (表表“將來將來的假設(shè)的假設(shè)”)3. had done 或

12、或would/could have done （表（表“過去過去的假設(shè)的假設(shè)”)werehad studiedwould rainI wish I_ (be) as tall as you.I wish I _ (study) harder before.I wish it (rain) tomorrow If only +從句從句!=How I wish+從句從句! 要是就好了要是就好了1).Ifonlyhecould come!(他要能來就好了)=HowIwishhecouldcome!2).IfonlyIhad knowntheanswer!(我要早知答案就好了.)=HowIwishIh

13、adknowntheanswer!比較比較if only與與only if （只有）只有）I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鐘響了，我才會醒。If only the alarm clock had rung. Ifonlyhe_quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlieC (lie 躺，躺，lay, lain)2. 在某些動詞后的賓語從句中需用在某些動詞后的賓語從句中需用should+動詞動詞原形原形的虛擬語氣形

14、式。的虛擬語氣形式?！皊hould”可以省略?？梢允÷?。常見的動詞有常見的動詞有:一個堅持一個堅持insist; 兩個命令兩個命令order, command ; 三條建議三條建議suggest , advise, propose;四項要求四項要求demand, request, require, desire; 注意注意: suggest表表 暗示表明暗示表明 時時 insist表表堅持認為，堅堅持認為，堅持說持說時不用虛擬語氣時不用虛擬語氣He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themsel

15、ves. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.考題點擊：考題點擊：1.I went to bed early last night,but I wish I so.A. didnt do B. hadnt done C.havent done D. couldnt do 2.How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A.has B.had C.will had D.had had 3. The teacher orde

16、red that students_. A. mustnt smoke B. not smoke C. smoked D. had smoked4.The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. finish C. should finish D. be finished BBBD三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣基本句型：基本句型： 1. It be+過去分詞過去分詞+that+(should)+動詞原形動詞原形+過去分詞：suggested, requested, ordered, pr

17、oposedIt is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.2. It be+形容詞形容詞+that+(should)+動詞原形動詞原形+形容詞:important, necessary, natural, right,proper, funny, strange, surprising It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.Its important that we (shou

18、ld) take good care of the patient.3. It be+名詞（名詞（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+動詞原形動詞原形+考題點擊：考題點擊：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3.It was o

19、rdered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowedDBB四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice ,decision等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形動詞原形。My suggestion is that we (shou

20、ld) leave at once.1)表語從句表語從句:2)同位語從句同位語從句:I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.考題點擊：考題點擊：1. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped3.My s

21、uggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sentACA謂語動詞謂語動詞1. did （表現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）（表現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）2.had done （表過去的假設(shè)）（表過去的假設(shè)）3.would/might/could done（表將來的假設(shè)）（表將來的假設(shè)） 五五 幾種特殊的虛擬語氣幾種特殊的虛擬語氣1.虛擬語氣用在虛擬語氣用在as if (as though)引導(dǎo)的從句中引導(dǎo)的從句中1)People treat me as if I _a supe

22、rstar. (be)2)He looked at me as though I _ something. (steal)werehadstolen2.用在用在lest（以免）（以免）, for fear that （以免）（以免）和和in case引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，這時謂語動詞用引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，這時謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形動詞原形1.She closed the windows lest she _cold.（感冒）2. He took his raincoat with him for fear that_ (下雨）3. Heres some money in case you should need it.catchit rain考題點擊：考題點擊：1. We felt as if we _ each other for years.A.knew B.were knowingC.had kno