機(jī)械專業(yè)英語翻譯unit12

1、Unit12 Milling，Shaper，Planer and Grinding Machines主講單位：主講單位：64066406銑床 銑床可能是現(xiàn)代加工中除了車床外最為多樣化的一種機(jī)床。主要設(shè)計(jì)用來加工平面和斜面，銑床還可以用來加工不規(guī)則形狀，曲面，槽。銑床還可以進(jìn)行鉆，鏜，鉸和齒輪加工。不同種類的銑床被制造出來以適應(yīng)于不同的需求。銑床通過其結(jié)構(gòu)來定義其類型，包括臥式，固定工作臺式，龍門式和專用銑床。 牛頭刨床金屬切削加工設(shè)備，利用住復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的刀具切割已固定在機(jī)床工作平臺上的工件一般用來加工較小工件)。機(jī)床的刀架似牛頭，故名?；韼е俚叮髦本€住復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的刨床，因滑枕前端的刀架形似牛頭而

2、得名。牛頭刨床主要用于單件小批生產(chǎn)中刨削中小型工件上的平面、成形面和溝槽。 牛頭刨床的主運(yùn)動(dòng)為電動(dòng)機(jī)變速機(jī)構(gòu)搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)滑枕往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)；牛頭刨床的進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)為電動(dòng)機(jī)變速機(jī)構(gòu)棘輪進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)工作臺橫向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。磨床 磨床使用磨粒進(jìn)行切削，磨粒粘接在一起形成不同形狀不同尺寸的砂輪和砂帶用于切削。磨削可以帶來高質(zhì)量的工件表面。另外，工件的尺寸精度在磨削過程中以0.00025的精度得到提高。使用不同種類的磨床可以加工工件的內(nèi)外表面。相同的加工方法-使用不同形式的研磨介質(zhì)諸如粘接劑，粉狀顆粒和磨粒-還包括研磨，珩磨和圓形砂輪磨削。 磨床類型由加工表面類型來定義。通常有平面磨，外圓磨內(nèi)圓磨，和專用磨床等。專業(yè)名詞Wo

3、rds and Expressions 1.milling machines 1.milling machines 銑床銑床 2.milling cutter 2.milling cutter 銑刀銑刀 3.arbor3.arbor刀桿刀桿 4.spacer4.spacer墊圈、墊片墊圈、墊片 5.bushing5.bushing套套 6.yoke6.yoke支座支座 7.starting lever7.starting lever起動(dòng)手柄起動(dòng)手柄8.Knee8.Knee升降臺升降臺 9.elevating screw9.elevating screw升隆絲升隆絲桿桿 10.index hea

4、d 10.index head 分度頭分度頭 11.foot stock 11.foot stock 分度頭支分度頭支座座 12.Universal Milling 12.Universal Milling MachineMachine萬能銑床萬能銑床 13.Shaper 13.Shaper 牛頭刨床牛頭刨床 14.plane14.planer r龍門刨床龍門刨床 15.ram 15.ram 滑軌滑軌 16.vise 16.vise 臺鉗臺鉗 17.fixture 17.fixture 夾具夾具 18.notched wheel or 18.notched wheel or ratchet r

5、atchet棘輪棘輪 19.pawl19.pawl棘爪棘爪 20.cross rail20.cross rail橫梁橫梁 21.grinding machine 21.grinding machine 磨床磨床 22.grinding wheel22.grinding wheel砂輪砂輪 23.finish 23.finish 光潔度光潔度 24.Cutter grinder 24.Cutter grinder 工具磨床工具磨床 25.surface grinder25.surface grinder平面磨床平面磨床 26.centreless grinder26.centreless gri

6、nder無心無心磨床磨床 27.internal ernal grinder內(nèi)圓磨內(nèi)圓磨床床 28.external grinder 28.external grinder 外圓磨外圓磨床床 29.Wheel head 29.Wheel head 磨頭磨頭 Themilling machine（銑床） is a machine that removes metal from work with a revolving milling cutter（銑刀） as the work is fed against it.譯文：銑床是一種當(dāng)工件向銑刀進(jìn)給時(shí),銑刀旋轉(zhuǎn)著從工件上

7、切除金屬的機(jī)床?！皌hat”引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾“machine”;“as”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“當(dāng)時(shí)候”。 The milling cutter is mounted on anarbor（刀桿） where it isheld in place（定位） byspacers（墊片） orbushings（套筒）. The arbor is fixed in the spindle with one end, while the other end of the arbor rotates in the bearing mounted on thearbor yoke(刀桿座).譯文：銑刀安裝

8、于刀桿上，通過墊片或者套筒進(jìn)行定位。刀桿的一端固定于主軸上，刀桿的另一端則安裝于刀桿座上的回轉(zhuǎn)軸承上。 The spindle of the milling machine is driven by an electric motor through a train of gears mounted in the column. The table of theplain milling machine（普通銑床） may travel only at right angles to the spindle while theUniversal Milling Machine（萬能銑床） is

9、 provided with a table.譯文：銑床的主軸是由一臺安裝在立柱上的電動(dòng)機(jī)通過一系列齒輪傳動(dòng)所驅(qū)動(dòng)的。普通銑床的工作臺只能沿著垂直于主軸的方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，而萬能銑床(如圖12-2) 可以做到。連詞“while”連接的表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列句。ShaperShaper（牛頭刨床）( ( Fig.13-3) The machine tools of this group are generally used for machining flat surfaces, which is usually performed by a cutter that peels the chip from th

10、e work. The main motion is reciprocating and the feed is normal to the direction of the main motion.譯文：通常由一個(gè)刀具從工件上切削屑片來完成的這組的機(jī)床通常用于加工平面。它的主運(yùn)動(dòng)是往復(fù)和進(jìn)給是正常的主運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。The tool and theapron（擋板） of a shaper are located on theram（骨枕）. A chip is peeled off the work on the forward stroke. An adjustable table with

11、“T” slots holds work, vise, and other fixtures for holding the work. 譯文：牛頭刨床的刀具和擋板位于骨枕。切削片在前進(jìn)沖程的過程中被剝落?！癟”型的可調(diào)節(jié)工作臺 - 工件槽，臺鉗，和其他用于固定工件的夾具。 The shaper has arocker arm（搖臂） which drives the ram, and a mechanism for regulating the length of thestroke（沖程）The ram supports the tool head. The head carries th

12、edown-feed（向下進(jìn)刀）mechanism and will swivel from side to side to permit the cutting of angles. This is generally hand feed, but some shapers are equipped with a power down-feed in addition to the regular hand down-feed.譯文：牛頭刨床有一個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)滑枕 的搖桿，和一個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)沖擊長度的機(jī)制，滑枕是用來支撐刀架的。刀架用來完成進(jìn)刀，可以從一側(cè)旋轉(zhuǎn)到另一側(cè)來改變切割角度。整體上來說這是人工進(jìn)刀，

13、但是有些牛頭刨床除了手動(dòng)進(jìn)刀外，還加了電動(dòng)進(jìn)刀結(jié)構(gòu)。 The table of the shaper is of box form with “T” slots on the top and sides forclamping（夾緊） the work. The crossrail（導(dǎo)軌） is bolted directly to the frame or column of the shaper with bolts. The automatic feed or power feed is obtained by a pawl which engages in anotched wheel

14、（棘輪） orratchet（棘輪）. The main parts of the planer include the bed, the table that moves back and forth, the column and the tool heads.譯文：牛頭刨床的工作臺是“T”型的 - 為了在頂槽和兩側(cè)夾緊工件。導(dǎo)軌直接用螺栓被固定到牛頭刨床的機(jī)架和立柱上。自動(dòng)進(jìn)給或供電是由棘輪或棘齒上的棘爪獲得。該刨床主要部分包括床身，前后移動(dòng)的工作臺，立柱和刀架。Grinding machinesGrinding machines（磨床） A grinding machine is a

15、machine which employs agrinding wheel（砂輪） for producing cylindrical,conical（圓錐的） or plane surfaces accurately and economically and to the proper shape, size, and finish. Thesurplus（多余的）stock（原料） is removed by feeding the work against the revolving wheel or by forcing the revolving wheel against the

16、work. There are a great variety ofgrinding machines. The machines that are generally used arecutter grinders（刀具磨床）,surface grinders（表面磨床）,centerless grinders（無心磨床）,external grinder（外圓磨床）,internal grinder（內(nèi)圓磨床）. 譯文：磨床是一臺采用了一個(gè)砂輪用于制備圓柱形，圓錐形或準(zhǔn)確和經(jīng)濟(jì)的平面，使其具有適當(dāng)?shù)男螤?，大小和粗糙度的機(jī)器。工件上多余的原料通過進(jìn)給旋轉(zhuǎn)砂輪被移除。磨床種類很多，通常使用的機(jī)

17、器有刀具磨床、 平面磨床、無心磨床、外圓磨床、內(nèi)圓磨床。Principal parts of a Plain Grinding Machine：1.Base（基座）. Themain casting（主要鑄件） of a plain grinding machine is a base that rests on the floor.2.Table（工作臺）. A sliding table，which is mounted on ways at the front and top of the base，may be moved longitudinally by hand or power

18、 to feed workpieces past the face of the grinding wheel.譯文：一臺普通磨床的主要部件有：1.基座，一個(gè)普通的磨床的主要鑄造是安置在地板上的基座。2.工作臺，一個(gè)滑動(dòng)的工作臺，它被安裝在位于前部和頂部的基本位置，可以通過手動(dòng)或電動(dòng)縱向進(jìn)給工件，到達(dá)砂輪的表面。(3)Headstock and Tailstock. A motor-driven headstock and a tailstock are mounted on the left and right ends, respectively, of the swivel table for holding work-pieces on centers. The headstock center on a grinder is a dead center that is both centers are “dead” to insure concentricity of the periphery of ground work with its axis.譯文：主軸承和尾座。電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的主軸箱和尾座一左一右分別被安裝在工件旋轉(zhuǎn)臺的兩邊。主軸承的中心是，以確?；鶞?zhǔn)的外圍和軸心線同心。(4) Wheel head. A