考研心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞中英文對照表(共32頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上考研心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞中英文對照表(一)感覺記憶（SM）sensory memory短期記憶（STM）short-term M.長期記憶（LTM）long-term memory復(fù)誦rehearsal預(yù)示（激發(fā)）priming童年失憶癥childhood amnesia視覺編碼（表征）visual code（representation）聽覺編碼acoustic code運作記憶working memory語意性知識semantic knowledge記憶掃瞄程序memory scanning procedure竭盡式掃瞄程序-exhaustive S.P.自我終止式掃瞄

2、self-terminated S.程序性知識procedural knowledge命題（陳述）性知識propositional（declarative）knowledge情節(jié)（軼事）性知識episodic K.訊息處理深度depth of processing精致化處理elaboration登錄特殊性coding specificity記憶術(shù)mnemonic位置記憶法method of loci字鉤法peg word（線）探索（測）（激發(fā)）字prime關(guān)鍵詞key word命題思考propositional thought心像思考imaginal thought行動思考motoric th

3、ought概念concept原型prototype屬性property特征feature范例策略exemplar strategy語言相對性（假說）linguistic relativity th.音素phoneme詞素morpheme（字詞的）外延與內(nèi)涵意義denotative & connotative meaning（句子的）表層與深層結(jié)構(gòu)surface & deep structure語意分析法semantic differential全句語言holophrastic speech過度延伸over-extension電報式語言telegraphic speech關(guān)鍵期c

4、ritical period差異減縮法difference reduction方法目的分析means-ends analysis倒推working backward動機motive自由意志free will決定論determinism本能instinct種屬特有行為species specific驅(qū)力drive誘因incentive驅(qū)力減低說drive reduction th.恒定狀態(tài)（作用）homeostasis原級與次級動機primary & secondary M.功能獨立functional autonomy下視丘側(cè)部（LH）lateral hypothalamus脂肪細(xì)胞說

5、fat-cell theory.下視丘腹中部（VMH）ventromedial H定點論set point th.CCK膽囊調(diào)節(jié)激素第一性征primary sex characteristic第二性征secondary sex characteristic自我效能期望self-efficiency expectancy內(nèi)在（發(fā)）動機intrinsic motive外在（衍）動機extrinsic motive成就需求N. achievement需求層級hierarchy of needs自我實現(xiàn)self actualization沖突conflict多項儀polygraph膚電反應(yīng)GSR（認(rèn)知

6、）評估（cognitive appraisal）臉部回饋假說facial feedback hypothesis（生理）激發(fā)arousal挫折-攻擊假說frustration-aggression hy.替代學(xué)習(xí)vicarious learning考研心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞中英文對照表(二)發(fā)展development先天nature后天nurture成熟maturation（視覺）偏好法preferential method習(xí)慣法habituation視覺懸崖visual cliff剝奪或豐富（環(huán)境）deprivation or enrichment of env.基模schema同化assimila

7、tion調(diào)適accommodation平衡equilibrium感覺動作期sensorimotor stage物體永久性objective permanence運思前期preoperational st.保留概念conservation道德現(xiàn)實主義moral realism具體運思期concrete operational形式運思期formal operational st.前俗例道德pre-conventional moral俗例道德conventional moral超俗例道德post-conventional moral氣質(zhì)temperament依附attachment性別認(rèn)定gende

8、r identity性別配合sex typing性蕾期phallic stage戀親沖突Oedipal conflict認(rèn)同identification社會學(xué)習(xí)social learning情結(jié)complex性別恒定gender constancy青年期adolescence青春期 -puberty第二性征secondary sex characteristics認(rèn)同危機identity crisis定向統(tǒng)合identity achievement早閉型統(tǒng)合foreclosure未定型統(tǒng)合moratorium迷失型統(tǒng)合identity diffusion傳承g(shù)enerativity心理動力ps

9、ycho-dynamics心理分析psychoanalysis行為論behaviorism心理生物觀psycho-biological perspective認(rèn)知cognition臨床心理學(xué)家-clinical psychologist諮商counseling人因工程human factor engineering組織organization潛意識unconsciousness完形心理學(xué)Gestalt psychology感覺sensation知覺perception實驗法experimental method獨變項independent variable依變項dependent V.控制變項

10、control V.生理physiology條件化conditioning學(xué)習(xí)learning比較心理學(xué)comparative psy.發(fā)展development社會心理學(xué)social psy.人格personality心理計量學(xué)psychometrics受試（者）subject實驗者預(yù)期效應(yīng)experimenter expectancy effect雙盲法doubleblind實地實驗field experiment相關(guān)correlation調(diào)查survey訪談interview個案研究case study觀察observation心理測驗psychological test紋理遞變度tex

11、ture gradient注意attention物體的組群grouping of object型態(tài)辨識pattern recognition形象-背景figure-ground接近律proximity相似律similarity閉合律closure連續(xù)律continuity對稱律symmetry錯覺illusion幻覺delusion恒常性constancy大小size形狀shape位置 location單眼線索monocular cue線性透視linear- perspective雙眼線索binocular cue深度depth調(diào)節(jié)作用accommodation重迭superposition雙

12、眼融合binocular fusion輻輳作用convergence雙眼像差binocular disparity向度 dimension自動效應(yīng)autokinetic effect運動視差 motion parallax誘發(fā)運動 induced motion閃光運動 stroboscopic motion上下文脈絡(luò)-context人工智能artificial intelligence A.I.脈絡(luò)關(guān)系作用-context effect模板匹配template matching整合分析法analysis-by-synthesis豐富性redundancy選擇性selective無意識的推論-u

13、nconscious inferences運動后效motion aftereffect特征偵測器feature detector激發(fā)性excitatory抑制性inhibitory幾何子geons由上而下處理up-down process由下而上處理bottom-up process連結(jié)者模式connectionist model聯(lián)結(jié)失識癥associative agnosia臉孔辨識困難癥prosopagnosia意識conscious（ness）意識改變狀態(tài)altered states of consciousness無意識unconsciousness前意識preconsciousnes

14、s內(nèi)省法introspection邊緣注意peripheral attention多重人格multiple personality午餐排隊（雞尾酒會）效應(yīng)lunch line（cocktail party） effect自動化歷程automatic process解離dissociate解離認(rèn)同失常dissociative identity disorder快速眼動睡眠REM dream非快速眼動睡眠NREM dream神志清醒的夢lucid dreaming考研心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞中英文對照表(三)顯性與隱性夢manifest & latern content心理活動性psychoacti

15、ve冥想meditation抗藥性tolerance戒斷withdrawal感覺剝奪sensory deprivation物質(zhì)濫用substance abuse成癮physical addiction物質(zhì)依賴sub. dependence戒斷癥狀withdrawal symptom興奮劑stimulant幻覺（迷幻）劑hallucinogen鎮(zhèn)定劑sedative抑制劑depressant酒精中毒引起譫妄delirium tremens麻醉劑narcotic催眠h(yuǎn)ypnosis催眠后暗示posthypnotic suggestion催眠后失憶posthypnotic amnesia超心理學(xué)pa

16、rapsychology超感知覺extrasensory perception ESP心電感應(yīng)telepathy超感視clairvoyance預(yù)知precognition心理動力psycokinesis PK受納器receptor絕對閾absolute threshold差異閾difference threshold恰辨差-JND韋伯律Weber''s law心理物理psychophysical費雪納定律Fechner''s law頻率frequency振幅amplitude音頻pitch基音fundamental tone倍音overtone和諧音harmon

17、ic音色timbre白色噪音white noise鼓膜eardrum耳蝸cochlea卵形窗oval window圓形窗round window前庭vestibular sacs半規(guī)管semicircular canals角膜cornea水晶體lens虹膜iris瞳孔pupil網(wǎng)膜retina睫狀肌ciliary muscle調(diào)節(jié)作用accommodation脊髓spinal cord反射弧reflex arc腦干brain stem計算機軸性線斷層掃描CAT或CTPET正子放射斷層攝影MRI磁共振顯影延腦medulla橋腦pons小腦cerebellum網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)reticular forma

18、tionRAS網(wǎng)狀活化系統(tǒng)視丘thalamus下視丘hypothalamus大腦cerebrum腦（下）垂體（腺）pituitary gland腦半球cerebral hemisphere皮質(zhì)cortex胼胝體corpus callosum邊緣系統(tǒng)limbic system海馬體hippocampus杏仁核amygdala中央溝central fissure側(cè)溝lateral fissure腦葉lobe同卵雙生子identical twins異卵雙生子fraternal twins古典制約classical conditioning操作制約operant conditioning非制約刺激（U

19、S unconditioned stimulus非制約反應(yīng)（UR）unconditioned R.制約刺激（CS）conditioned S.制約反應(yīng)（CR）conditioned R.習(xí)（獲）得acquisition增強作用reinforcement消除（弱）extinction自（發(fā)性）然恢復(fù)spontaneous recovery前行制約forward conditioning同時制約simultaneous conditioning回溯制約backward cond.痕跡制約trace conditioning延宕制約delay conditioning類化（梯度）generaliza

20、tion（gradient）區(qū)辨discrimination（次級）增強物（secondary）reinforcer嫌惡刺激aversive stimulus試誤學(xué)習(xí)trial and error learning效果率law of effect正（負(fù)）性增強物positive（negative）rei.行為塑造behavior shaping循序漸進successive approximation自行塑造autoshaping部分（連續(xù)）增強partial（continuous）R定比（時）時制fixed ratio（interval）schedule FR或FI變化比率（時距）時制vari

21、able ratio（interval）schedule VR或VI逃離反應(yīng)escape R.回避反應(yīng)avoidance response習(xí)得無助learned helplessness頓悟insight學(xué)習(xí)心向learning set隱內(nèi)（潛在）學(xué)習(xí)latent learning認(rèn)知地圖cognitive map生理回饋biofeedback敏感遞減法-systematic desensitization普里邁克原則Premack''s principle洪水法flooding觀察學(xué)習(xí)observational learning動物行為學(xué)ethology敏感化sensitiz

22、ation習(xí)慣化habituation聯(lián)結(jié)association認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)cognitional L.觀察學(xué)習(xí)observational L.登錄編碼encoding保留儲存retention提取retrieval回憶（free recall全現(xiàn)心像照相式記憶eidetic imageryphotographic memory .舌尖現(xiàn)象（TOT）tip of tongue再認(rèn)recognition再學(xué)習(xí)relearning節(jié)省分?jǐn)?shù)savings外顯與內(nèi)隱記憶explicit & implicit memory記憶廣度memory span組集chunk序列位置效應(yīng)serial posi

23、tion effect起始效應(yīng)primacy effect新近效應(yīng)recency effect心（情）境依賴學(xué)習(xí)state-dependent L.無意義音節(jié)nonsense syllable順向干擾proactive interference逆向干擾retroactive interference閃光燈記憶flashbulb memory動機性遺忘motivated forgetting器質(zhì)性失憶癥organic amnesia阿茲海默癥Alzheimer''s disease近事（順向）失憶癥anterograde amnesia舊事（逆向）失憶retrograde A.高

24、沙可夫癥候群korsakoff''s syndrome凝固理論consolidation考研心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞中英文對照表(三)失眠insomnia顯性與隱性夢manifest & latern content心理活動性psychoactive冥想meditation抗藥性tolerance戒斷withdrawal感覺剝奪sensory deprivation物質(zhì)濫用substance abuse成癮physical addiction物質(zhì)依賴sub. dependence戒斷癥狀withdrawal symptom興奮劑stimulant幻覺（迷幻）劑hallucinog

25、en鎮(zhèn)定劑sedative抑制劑depressant酒精中毒引起譫妄delirium tremens麻醉劑narcotic催眠h(yuǎn)ypnosis催眠后暗示posthypnotic suggestion催眠后失憶posthypnotic amnesia超心理學(xué)parapsychology超感知覺extrasensory perception ESP心電感應(yīng)telepathy超感視clairvoyance預(yù)知precognition心理動力psycokinesis PK受納器receptor絕對閾absolute threshold差異閾difference threshold恰辨差-JND韋伯律W

26、eber''s law心理物理psychophysical費雪納定律Fechner''s law頻率frequency振幅amplitude音頻pitch基音fundamental tone倍音overtone和諧音harmonic音色timbre白色噪音white noise鼓膜eardrum耳蝸cochlea卵形窗oval window圓形窗round window前庭vestibular sacs半規(guī)管semicircular canals角膜cornea水晶體lens虹膜iris瞳孔pupil網(wǎng)膜retina睫狀肌ciliary muscle調(diào)節(jié)作用ac

27、commodation脊髓spinal cord反射弧reflex arc腦干brain stem計算機軸性線斷層掃描CAT或CTPET正子放射斷層攝影MRI磁共振顯影延腦medulla橋腦pons小腦cerebellum網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)reticular formationRAS網(wǎng)狀活化系統(tǒng)視丘thalamus下視丘hypothalamus大腦cerebrum腦（下）垂體（腺）pituitary gland腦半球cerebral hemisphere皮質(zhì)cortex胼胝體corpus callosum邊緣系統(tǒng)limbic system海馬體hippocampus杏仁核amygdala中央溝centr

28、al fissure側(cè)溝lateral fissure腦葉lobe同卵雙生子identical twins異卵雙生子fraternal twins古典制約classical conditioning操作制約operant conditioning非制約刺激（US unconditioned stimulus非制約反應(yīng)（UR）unconditioned R.制約刺激（CS）conditioned S.制約反應(yīng)（CR）conditioned R.習(xí)（獲）得acquisition增強作用reinforcement消除（弱）extinction自（發(fā)性）然恢復(fù)spontaneous recovery前

29、行制約forward conditioning同時制約simultaneous conditioning回溯制約backward cond.痕跡制約trace conditioning延宕制約delay conditioning類化（梯度）generalization（gradient）區(qū)辨discrimination（次級）增強物（secondary）reinforcer嫌惡刺激aversive stimulus試誤學(xué)習(xí)trial and error learning效果率law of effect正（負(fù)）性增強物positive（negative）rei.行為塑造behavior shaping循序漸進successive approximation自行塑造autoshaping部分（連續(xù)）增強partial（continuous）R定比（時）時制fixed ratio（interval）schedule