伊頓離合器基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)(中英版)-伊頓

1、 2008 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.22What are the Basic “Functions” of a Clutch?離合器的基本功能？Functions of a ClutchFunctions of a Clutch離合器功能離合器功能33What are the Basic “Functions” of a Clutch?離合器的基本功能？Transfer Torque傳遞扭矩傳遞扭矩Breaks Torque切斷扭矩切斷扭矩Clean Release清晰的分離清晰的分離Smooth Engagement柔和結(jié)合柔和結(jié)合Fun

2、ctions of a ClutchFunctions of a Clutch離合器功能離合器功能44What are the Basic “Functions” of a Clutch?離合器的基本功能？Transfer TorqueBreaks TorqueClean ReleaseSmooth EngagementDampen Vibrations使振動(dòng)變?nèi)跏拐駝?dòng)變?nèi)鮁ngage a Clutch Brake離合器制動(dòng)離合器制動(dòng)Transfer Torque傳遞扭矩傳遞扭矩Breaks Torque切斷扭矩切斷扭矩Clean Release清晰的分離清晰的分離Smooth Engagem

3、ent柔和結(jié)合柔和結(jié)合Functions of a ClutchFunctions of a Clutch離合器功能離合器功能55The function of a clutch is to connect / disconnect the flow of power from the engine to the driveline離合器的基本功能是連接/切斷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)到傳動(dòng)軸的動(dòng)力傳遞Provides a way to translate engine rotation into transmission rotation,將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)傳遞到變速箱的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng) Provides a way to a

4、llow the engine to run without the truck moving,允許發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)而車輛保持不動(dòng) Provides a way to break torque to select and change gears.在需要選檔和換檔時(shí)切斷扭矩傳遞 What Does a Clutch Do?離合器基本功能66Disc is clamped by the clutch cover, connecting the engine crankshaft to the transmission input shaft從動(dòng)盤被壓盤夾緊,將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸和變速箱輸入軸連接起來Trans

5、mission rotates with the engine變速箱與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一起旋轉(zhuǎn)Flywheel飛輪Clutch離合器How Does it work ? Engaged怎樣工作? 接合狀態(tài)Transfer Torque傳遞扭矩傳遞扭矩77Pressure plate separates from the disc壓盤與從動(dòng)盤分離Transmission is disconnected from the engine變速箱與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分離Flywheel飛輪Clutch離合器How Does it work ? Disengaged怎樣工作 分離狀態(tài)Clean Release / Breaks

6、 Torque清晰的切斷扭矩清晰的切斷扭矩88Driven Disc從動(dòng)盤從動(dòng)盤: This is the disc which is in contact with the engine flywheel and the pressure plate of the clutch assembly這是與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪和離合器壓盤都接觸的零件Clutch - Basic Components離合器基本部件99Cover Assembly壓盤總成壓盤總成: An assembly which is mounted on the flywheel, and squeezes the disc again

7、st the engine flywheel.安裝到飛輪上,將從動(dòng)盤壓緊到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪上的零件Clutch - Basic Components離合器基本部件1010Release Bearing分離軸承分離軸承: Serves as a stationary connection for the release linkage. Connects to the diaphragm spring.連接到膜片彈簧上,且與分離系統(tǒng)相連接.Clutch - Basic Components離合器基本部件1111Pressure plate bolts壓盤螺栓壓盤螺栓: Shoulder-head bo

8、lts threaded directly into top of pressure plate and through the drive straps.帶肩端臺(tái)階螺栓穿過傳動(dòng)片直接擰到壓盤上部Pressure Plate Bolts壓盤螺栓1212Shipping Clips運(yùn)輸墊片運(yùn)輸墊片: Fits between the flywheel bracket and the pressure plate bolts. Used to “cage” pressure plate, in order to facilitate installation of driven discs. Th

9、e clips are removed during the installations process.在壓盤螺栓和架子之間,以在運(yùn)輸中保持住壓盤,有利于從動(dòng)盤裝配.在離合器安裝過程中要拿走.Shipping Clips運(yùn)輸墊片Shipping clip運(yùn)輸墊片1313Flywheel Ring支撐環(huán)支撐環(huán): Houses the Diaphragm Springs and Pressure Plate.支撐膜片彈簧和壓盤Flywheel Ring / Bracket / Cover支撐環(huán)/支架/蓋1414Diaphragm Springs膜片彈簧膜片彈簧: Single spring pr

10、ovide the spring force required for developing pressure plate clamp load.彈簧提供要求的彈簧力滿足壓盤壓緊力Diaphragm Springs膜片彈簧1515Collector收集器收集器: Allows a connection point to the diaphragm spring and the release bearing. Allows for clutch engagement and disengagement.連接膜片彈簧和分離軸承,讓離合器分離與接合.Spring Collector彈簧收集器161

11、6Drive Straps傳動(dòng)片傳動(dòng)片: Connects the Flywheel Bracket to the pressure plate. Transmit torque from the engine to the pressure plate and provides a spring force to separate the pressure plate from the driven disc when the clutch is disengaged. 連接支架和壓盤.傳遞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)力矩到壓盤.當(dāng)離合器分離時(shí),提供彈簧力以分離壓盤和從動(dòng)盤.Drive Straps傳動(dòng)片1717

12、Pressure Plate壓盤壓盤: Provides a clamping surface for the driven disc, allowing for engine torque to be transmitted to the disc and eventually the transmission input shaft.為從動(dòng)盤提供夾緊面,同時(shí)傳遞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)扭矩到從動(dòng)盤和最終傳到變速箱輸入軸.Pressure Plate壓盤1818Facing摩擦面摩擦面: Organic friction material which when clamped up between adjac

13、ent iron surfaces (pressure plate, engine flywheel) causes the disc to rotate with these components thereby translating flywheel rotation into transmission input shaft rotation.有機(jī)摩擦材料當(dāng)被到鄰近的鑄鐵面(壓盤,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪)壓緊時(shí),將使從動(dòng)盤與這些零件一起轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)而將飛輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為變速箱輸入軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng).Facings摩擦面Facing摩擦面1919Damper減振彈簧減振彈簧: A set of springs radial

14、ly arranged around the hub to prevent torsional vibrations (generated by the engine) from being transmitted to the hub, and in essence the rest of the driveline.在花鍵轂周圍徑向布置的一套彈簧用以防止扭振(通常有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)引起)傳遞到花鍵轂,本質(zhì)上是保護(hù)傳動(dòng)軸.Damper減振彈簧Damper減振彈簧2020Hub花鍵轂花鍵轂: A toothed component that mates with the transmission inp

15、ut shaft, and is the point of torque transfer to the transmission.與變速箱輸入軸匹配的帶齒零件,是傳遞扭矩到變速箱的零件.Hub花鍵轂Hub花鍵轂2121Bearing Travel / Release Travel軸承行程軸承行程/分離行程分離行程: Distance by which the release bearing moves when the clutch pedal is fully depressed. In general, 12.7mm minimum travel is required for the

16、clutch to disengage.離合器踏板全踩下時(shí)分離軸承移動(dòng)距離.通常離合器分離要求12.7毫米最小.Bearing Load / Release Load軸承力軸承力/分離力分離力: Load applied at the release bearing to disengage the clutch.分離離合器時(shí)作用于分離軸承上的力.Plate Load壓盤力壓盤力: Load applied at the Pressure Plate when the clutch assembly is engaged.離合器接合時(shí)作用于壓盤上的力.Plate Departure壓盤升程壓盤

17、升程: Distance by which the Pressure Plate retracts, freeing up the discs, when the clutch is disengaged.當(dāng)離合器分離時(shí),為放開從動(dòng)盤而使壓盤回退的力.Other Terminology其它術(shù)語(yǔ)22222323 Push or Pull推式或拉式推式或拉式Wear Through免調(diào)整免調(diào)整 Single / Twin Plate單片單片/雙片雙片 Mechanical rod機(jī)械桿機(jī)械桿 Hydraulic液壓式液壓式 Boosted hydraulic液壓助力液壓助力 Spline size

18、花鍵尺寸花鍵尺寸 Facing type摩擦面摩擦面 Pre-damper預(yù)減振預(yù)減振 Damper rate減振彈簧減振彈簧剛度剛度 Organic Facings有機(jī)有機(jī)材料摩擦面材料摩擦面Clutch Disc從動(dòng)盤從動(dòng)盤Release Linkage分離系統(tǒng)分離系統(tǒng)Clutch Cover離合器蓋總成離合器蓋總成Components零件2424 Push or Pull 推式或拉式 Wear-Through免調(diào)整 Single / Twin Plate單片/雙片Clutch Cover Types離合器壓盤型式2525Indicates the direction in which f

19、orce is applied to the release bearing for clutch disengagement 指出為了離合器分離而作用于分離軸承的力的方向.(Disengagement 分離= clutch pedal depressed踩下離合器踏板)PUSH推式: Bearing moves towards the engine軸承向發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)方向移動(dòng)PULL拉式: Bearing moves away from the engine軸承朝遠(yuǎn)離發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的方向移動(dòng)“Push or Pull”“推式或拉式”2626LBAAdvantages優(yōu)勢(shì) Release Bearing is

20、 separate from cover assembly,分離軸承與壓盤總成分開 Simplifies Transmission installation, (alignment of yoke not necessary).簡(jiǎn)單化變速箱安裝(不必對(duì)齊撥動(dòng)叉).Disadvantages劣勢(shì) High cover deflections due to large “L” value,由于“L”值大而產(chǎn)生高壓盤偏斜 Limited plate load capacity due to “A” diameter,由于“A”直徑而限制壓盤壓緊力 Higher release loads due t

21、o low “B/A” ratio,由于底的“B/A”值而產(chǎn)生高的分離力 Complex cover design, (diaphragm pivot),復(fù)雜的壓盤設(shè)計(jì),(膜片彈簧支點(diǎn)) Can not be used with a clutch brake.無(wú)法使用離合器制動(dòng)Clutch diameter離合器直徑離合器直徑, (i.e.例如例如 420mm)Push Type推式2727LBADisadvantages劣勢(shì)Advantages優(yōu)勢(shì) Low cover deflections (small “L” value),小的壓盤偏斜(小的“L”值 Higher plate load

22、capacity (“A” diameter),更高的壓盤 壓緊力(直徑“A”) Lower release loads (higher “B/A” ratio),更小的分離力(更高的“B/A”比值) Simple cover design,簡(jiǎn)單的壓盤設(shè)計(jì) Can be used with a clutch brake.可以使用離合器制動(dòng) Release Bearing must be attached to cover assembly,分離軸承須附在壓盤總成上 Difficult Transmission installation, (yoke must align with releas

23、e bearing).變速箱安裝困難(撥叉須與分離軸承對(duì)齊)Clutch diameter離合器直徑離合器直徑, (i.e.例如例如 430mm)Pull Type拉式2828Clamping load is generated by coil spring mounted directly between the clutch cover and the pressure plate, hence the name “direct pressure”.夾緊力由安裝在離合器蓋和壓盤之間的螺旋彈簧直壓產(chǎn)生,因此命名為“直壓”.Coil Spring螺旋彈簧Lever for clutch dis

24、engagement離合器分離杠桿Wear Through-Direct Pressure Coil Spring免調(diào)整 直壓式螺旋彈簧離合器2929Disc盤Coil Spring螺旋彈簧New Disc新片New新片 Clamp Load夾緊力Worn Disc磨損后Worn磨損后 Clamp Load夾緊力Wear Life磨損量The coil spring extends with facing wear.螺旋彈簧隨摩擦面的磨損而伸展Therefore, the pressure plate clamp load reduces.因此,壓盤夾緊力減小Travel行程力LoadWear

25、 Through-Direct Pressure Coil Spring免調(diào)整 直壓式螺旋彈簧離合器3030Clamping load is generated by diaphragm spring mounted directly between the clutch cover and the pressure plate.夾緊力由裝在蓋總成和壓盤之間的膜片彈簧產(chǎn)生Wear Through Travel免調(diào)整行程Diaphragm Spring膜片彈簧Wear Through - Diaphragm Spring免調(diào)整 膜片彈簧離合器313100New Disc新片Worn Disc磨損

26、New Clamp Load新片夾緊力Worn Clamp Load磨損后夾緊力The diaphragm spring provides a unique load characteristic which results in a worn plate load similar to the new plate load value.膜片彈簧產(chǎn)生一個(gè)獨(dú)特力的特性,而使磨損后的壓盤力與新片時(shí)相似However, the release load continues to increase.但是,分離力持續(xù)升高.Travel行程行程Wear Through - Diaphragm Spring

27、免調(diào)整 膜片彈簧離合器3232ADJUSTABLE(North American Style)可調(diào)整(北美)Internal compensation for facing wear內(nèi)部補(bǔ)償摩擦面磨損Manually adjusted by operator操作者手動(dòng)調(diào)整Automatic adjustment自動(dòng)調(diào)整WEAR THROUGH免調(diào)整No compensation for facing wear無(wú)摩擦面磨損補(bǔ)償Clutch bearing position changes with facing wear離合器軸承位置隨摩擦面磨損而變化 “Adjustable or Wear-T

28、hrough”“可調(diào)整或免調(diào)整離合器”SFGWSFGW3333Disadvantages劣勢(shì)Added weight重量增加重量增加Added cost增加成本增加成本More components (installation)更多的零件更多的零件(安裝安裝)Higher inertia更大的慣量更大的慣量Greater risk of clutch drag產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生拖扭的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大拖扭的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大Advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)Smaller diameter更小的直徑更小的直徑Lower release loads更小的分更小的分離力離力Lower pedal efforts更小的踏更小的踏板力板力I

29、ncreased wear life增加的磨增加的磨損壽命損壽命Increased space for torsional dampers給減振彈給減振彈簧更多的空間簧更多的空間Theoretically, a two plate design will double the torque capacity for a given clutch size and clamp load.理論上,在給定的尺寸和夾緊力時(shí),雙片設(shè)計(jì)將有雙倍的扭矩容量.Two Plate vs. Single Plate單片 vs. 雙片3434 Friction Materials摩擦材料 Cushioned Fac

30、ings帶軟墊摩擦面 Torsional Dampers扭轉(zhuǎn)減振彈簧Disc Types從動(dòng)盤型式3535Ceramic Facing陶瓷摩擦面Organic Facing有機(jī)材料Friction Materials摩擦材料3636Friction Material Knowledge摩擦材料知識(shí)Organic Facing Material有機(jī)摩擦材料Advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)Good Engagement Quality好的接合質(zhì)量Good Wear Characteristics好的磨損特性Does not wear mating friction surfaces不磨損匹配的摩擦面 Di

31、sadvantages劣勢(shì)Easy to Abuse易過度使用 Coefficient Drops when Clutch gets Hot due to Abuse當(dāng)過度使用產(chǎn)生熱量時(shí),摩擦系數(shù)下降 Wear increases when clutch gets Hot due to Abuse當(dāng)過度使用產(chǎn)生熱量時(shí)磨損上升.Ceramic Facing Material陶瓷材料Advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)Good Wear Characteristics好的磨損特性Difficult to Abuse不易被過度使用 Coefficient remains the same when the cl

32、utch gets Hot due to Abuse當(dāng)過度使用產(chǎn)生熱量時(shí)摩擦系數(shù)不變 Wear is the same when clutch gets Hot due to Abuse當(dāng)過度使用產(chǎn)生熱量時(shí),磨損相同 Disadvantages劣勢(shì)Engagement Quality not as good as Organic接合質(zhì)量不如有機(jī)材料Will wear the mating friction surfaces將磨損相匹配的摩擦面3737Friction Material Knowledge摩擦材料知識(shí)Important Information!重要信息All Friction M

33、aterials are not the Same!不是所有的摩擦材料都相同 Coefficient of Friction摩擦系數(shù) Engagement Quality接合質(zhì)量 Wear Rate磨損率 Abuse Resistant抵抗過度使用能力3838 Wear Rate vs Temperture020406080100120140160180100150200250300350Temperature (deg C)Wear rate (mm3/MJ)Sample 1Sample 2Sample 3Example - Organic Material 例子例子 - 有機(jī)材料有機(jī)材料3

34、939Softens the modulation between disengaged and engaged conditions for improved vehicle controllability. Required in most European countries.使分離與接合更為柔和，提高車輛操作性能.在大多數(shù)的歐洲國(guó)家被要求.Cushioned Facings帶波形墊摩擦面4040Combined Spring Load x Radial Distance = Damper Torque合成彈簧力 x 徑向距離 = 減振器扭矩Distance距離距離Spring Load

35、彈簧力彈簧力Torsional Damper扭轉(zhuǎn)減振器4141Damper Torque Hub Rotation = Torsional Rate減振彈簧扭矩減振彈簧扭矩 花鍵轂旋轉(zhuǎn)角度花鍵轂旋轉(zhuǎn)角度 = 扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度Torsional Damper扭轉(zhuǎn)減振彈簧扭轉(zhuǎn)減振彈簧4242Disc B盤BDisc A盤ADesired Capacity期望扭矩容量Rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)角度Torque扭矩 Disc A reaches the desired torque value in a small amount of rotation,盤A在一個(gè)小的旋轉(zhuǎn)下就達(dá)到期望的扭矩值. Disc B

36、 achieves the same torque value but requires far more rotation,盤B獲得同樣的扭矩值要求更大的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度 Disc B is referred to as a “soft rate” or a “l(fā)ong travel” (LTD) damper.盤B被稱作“軟剛度”或“長(zhǎng)行程”減振彈簧Torsional Damper扭轉(zhuǎn)減振彈簧4343Disc BDisc ARotationTorque spikeWhy use a “soft rate” damper ?為什么用“軟剛度”減振器?A soft damper provides im

37、proved protection against driveline torsional vibration.軟剛度減振器更好地保護(hù)傳動(dòng)系對(duì)抗扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)In this example showing a torque spike, we can see that “disc A” has far less hub rotation than “disc B”, for the same change in torque load.本例中,在相同的扭矩變化時(shí)“盤A”比“盤B”有更小的旋轉(zhuǎn)量.It is the increase in hub rotation, for a given chang

38、e in torque, that “softens” the impact on the rest of the driveline, where the damper springs absorb most of the energy. (Consider your cars suspension when driving down a road with potholes).相同的扭矩變化,花鍵轂旋轉(zhuǎn)量增加時(shí),“軟化”使傳動(dòng)軸得到更好保護(hù),因減振彈簧吸收了大部分的能量(考慮汽車的懸架,當(dāng)駛過道路坑道時(shí)).Torsional Damper扭轉(zhuǎn)減振器4444Pre-Damper預(yù)減振彈簧Re

39、fers to a stage prior to main damper travel.在主減振器行程之前起作用Used to isolate engine torsionals at idle speed, when transmission is in neutral, often referred to as “idle rattle”.可以隔絕發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠速,變速箱空檔時(shí)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)扭振,所謂的“怠速噪音”Two types:兩種型式 Spring Loaded彈簧載荷 Free Travel (in disc hub)自由行程(在盤轂上)Main Damper SpringPre-dampe

40、r SpringRotates relative to disc4545Terminology Review術(shù)語(yǔ)回顧Bottoming Load底部扭矩底部扭矩Torque that the internal stop of the damper goes solid.減振彈簧內(nèi)部壓緊變成剛性時(shí)的扭矩.Damper Rates減振彈簧剛度減振彈簧剛度The amount of torque per degrees traveled每轉(zhuǎn)一度的扭矩值Hysteresis阻尼阻尼Internal Friction that is designed in the damper.被設(shè)計(jì)在減振器上的內(nèi)部摩

41、擦46460-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012DEGREES角度TORQUE扭矩Bottoming TorqueDamper Rate = HysteresisFree TravelorPredamperTravelBottoming TorqueTravelDriven Disc Assembly從動(dòng)盤總成4747430mm Clutch Release Bearings430mm離合器分離軸承4848Inform and compare various 430mm Clutch release bearing designs了解和比較不同的430mm離合器分離軸承Include

42、s attachment methods to the Diaphragm Spring包括搭接到膜片彈簧上的方法Introduction介紹4949Bellhousing離合器殼Release Bearing分離軸承Yoke分離撥叉Cross-shaft撥叉軸Quill前軸承蓋Typical 430mm Clutch Arrangement典型430mm離合器布置5050Quill Type前軸承蓋型式:Internal bushing does not contact input shaft but is guided by transmissions quill內(nèi)襯套不接觸輸入軸但由變速

43、箱前軸承蓋導(dǎo)向Bushing only has to survive linear motion; Therefore it can be a high-temperature, self-lubricating composite material襯套只保證直線運(yùn)動(dòng);因此它用耐高溫、自潤(rùn)滑合成材料Similar bushing arrangements are commonly used world-wide by others相似的軸承布置方式通常會(huì)被世界范圍內(nèi)其他廠家使用430mm Clutch Bearing Arrangement430mm離合器軸承布置 2008 Eaton Cor

44、poration. All rights reserved.Eaton Fuller 430mm Bearing Configuration伊頓伊頓430mm軸承配置軸承配置Permanent Attached非快速拆卸非快速拆卸&Quick Attached快速拆卸快速拆卸5252Typical 430mm Bearing Assy. Drawing典型430mm軸承總成圖3. Bearing Snap Ring 軸承夾緊環(huán)7. Bushing Snap Ring 襯套卡簧4. Bearing軸承6. Wave Spring 波形彈簧9. Bushing 襯套8. Release B

45、earing Housing分離軸承殼1. Spiralwave Pre-Load Spring 螺旋波形預(yù)緊彈簧2. Spring Snap Ring 彈簧卡環(huán)5353430mm Bearing Assy. Drawing 軸承總成圖Permanent Attached Bearing非快速拆卸式5454Installed on Clutch Assembly before Installation on Engines Flywheel在離合器裝配到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪之前把軸承裝到離合器總成上Internal groove and Snap Ring retains Fulcrum Ring fr

46、om moving axially.將卡環(huán)卡到內(nèi)槽上防止支撐環(huán)軸向移動(dòng)Transmits actuation load from Release Bearing to Diaphragm Spring將助力泵推力從分離軸承傳遞到膜片彈簧Components of the 430mm Eaton Permanent Attached Bearing伊頓非快速拆卸軸承部件5555430mm Bearing Assy. Drawing軸承總成圖Quick Attached Bearing快速拆卸軸承5656Quick Clip with “ears”帶“耳”的快速夾緊卡環(huán)StampedFulcrum

47、 Ring沖壓支承環(huán)Retaining Wire保持環(huán)(No Pre-Load generated)(不產(chǎn)生預(yù)緊力)Current Style of Fulcrum Ring Assembly支承環(huán)總成當(dāng)前型式5757Sometimes called “wire clip”有時(shí)稱作“金屬夾”“Snaps” over BEARINGs snout during installation裝配時(shí)鎖住軸承豬嘴Connects FULCRUM RING and BEARING together將支承環(huán)和軸承連接在一起Must withstand actuation load during service

48、 life在工作時(shí)必須經(jīng)受住分離力Releases from BEARING snout when unlatched 當(dāng)夾子不閉鎖時(shí)從軸承豬嘴上松開Components of the 430mm Eaton Bearing Quick Clip伊頓軸承快速夾緊夾子部件5858Mechanical Rod or Cable機(jī)械桿式或拉索式Hydraulic液壓式Boosted Hydraulic液壓助力式Note: Linkage design dictates clutch release travel.注:分離系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)要規(guī)定分離行程Release Linkage Types分離系統(tǒng)型式5959Connects the cab pedal to clutch without any flexible couplings.從踏板到離合器無(wú)任何柔性聯(lián)結(jié)Can not compensate for changes in the clutch release bearing position.不能補(bǔ)償離合器軸承位置變化Hence requires linkage free play to