【十年高考】-全國(guó)各地高考英語(yǔ)試題分類匯編：科普知識(shí)類閱讀理解（194頁(yè)） Word版含答案（ 高考）

1、【十年高考】2004-2013年全國(guó)各地高考英語(yǔ)試題分類匯編：科普知識(shí)類【2004湖南卷】DDo you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span.I think we are knocking at the door of immortali

2、ty (永生), said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. I think by 2075 we will see it and thats a conservative estimate (保守的估計(jì)).At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advanc

3、es in using genes as well as nanotechnology (納米技術(shù)) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. There is a great push so that people can live from I20 to 180 years, he said. Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200

4、or 300 or 500 years.However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.Scient

5、ists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life? said Leonard Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Centre. At present people who could get to that point are n

6、ot in good health at all.67. By saying we are knocking at the door of immortality, Michael Zey means _A. they believe that there is no limit of living B. they are sure to find the truth about long living C. they have got some ideas about living forever D. they are able to make people live past the p

7、resent life span68. Donald Lourias attitude towards long living is that _. A. people can live from 120 to 180 B. it is still doubtful how long humans can live C. the human body is designed to last past about 120 years D. it is possible for humans to live longer in the future69. The underlined it ( p

8、aragraph 4 ) refers to _. A. a great push B. the idea of living beyond the present life span C. the idea of living from 200 to 300 years D. the conservative estimate70. What would be the best title for this text? A. Living Longer or Not B. Science, Technology and Long Living C. No Limit for Human Li

9、fe D. Healthy Lifestyle and Long Living【答案】CDBA【2004全國(guó)卷】BIf a person forgets names , places or facts and has trouble with everyday things like reading or shopping it may not mean you are getting old . It could be Alzheimers disease . So its important to see a doctor as soon as you can .There is no c

10、ure for Alzheimers . But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms (癥狀).In studies , ARICEPT has been proved to work for Alzheimers . It has helped people improve their memory over time . It has also helped them to keep doing everyday things on their own .Ask y

11、our doctor if ARICEPT is right for you or your loved one . It is the Number One drug for Alzheimers in the world . The sooner you know its Alzheimers , the better ARICEPT can help .ARICEPT is good for many but may not be good for everyone . Some people may experience not sleeping well , feeling very

12、 tired , or not wanting to eat . In studies , these side effects werent serious at all and went away over time . Some people taking ARICEPT may feel light-headed . In this case you should tell your doctors because your condition may get worse .60If one suffers from Alzheimers , .Ahe has trouble with

13、 his memory Bhe cant do everyday things on his own Che often forgets things because he is old Dhe cant move about 61What is ARICEPT ?AA medicine to cure AlzheimersBA medicine to delay signs of aging .CA medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimers .DA medicine to cure brain damage .62One who is tak

14、ing ARICEPT should go to see a doctor if he .Acant fall asleep Bfeels tired out Chas no desire to eat Dfeels like a drunken man 【答案】ACD【2004天津卷】AMonarch butterflies（黑脈金斑蝶）are a common summer sight in the northern United States and Canada . These large orange and black insects（昆蟲(chóng)）brighten parks and g

15、ardens as they fly lightly among the flowers . What makes monarchs particularly interesting is that they migrate（遷飛）all the way to California or Mexico and back . They are thought to be the only insect that does this .Every year in the late summer monarchs begin their journey to the south . Those he

16、ading for Mexico go first for the Louisiana-Mississippi area , then fly across the Gulf of Mexico into Texas . Once in Mexico , they settle themselves in one of about fifteen places in a mountain forest filled with fir trees . Each place provides a winter home for millions of monarchs . The butterfl

17、ies are so many that they often cover entire trees . When spring comes , they begin their long journey north . The question is often asked whether every butterfly makes the round-trip journey every year . And the answer is no . The average monarch lives about nine months . So one flying north might

18、lay eggs in Louisiana and then die . The eggs of that generation may be found in Kentucky ; the eggs of the next generation may end up in Wisconsin or Michigan . The last generation of the season , about the fourth , will make their way back to Mexico and restart the journey . Scientists learn about

19、 monarchs migration by catching and making marks on the insects . By recatching a monarch with such a mark and noticing where it came from , the next scientist can get to know things like the butterflys age and its routing（路線）.56. One of the places where monarchs spend the winter is .A. the Gulf of

20、Mexico B. an area in MississippiC. a forest in Mexico D. a plain in Texas57. The routing of monarchs migration can be learned .A. by examining the marks made on themB. by collecting their eggs in the mountains C. by comparing their different agesD. by counting the dead ones in the forests58. What is

21、 the subject discussed in the passage ?A. Migration of monarchs . B. Scientists interest in monarchs . C. Winter home of monarchs .D. Life and death of monarchs . 【答案】 56. C 57. A 58. A 【2004重慶卷】DHave you ever had the strange feeling that you were being watched? You turned around and ,sure enough, s

22、omeone was looking right at you!Parapsychologists(靈學(xué)家)say that humans have a natural ability to sense when someone is looking at them. To research whether such a “sixth sense”really exists, Robert Baker, a psychologist(心理學(xué)家)at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.In the first one, B

23、aker sat behind unknowing people in public places and stared at the backs of their heads for 5 to 15 minutes. The subjects（受試者）were eating, drinking, readingstudying, watching TV, or working at a computer. Baker made sure that the people could not tell that he was sitting behind them during those pe

24、riods. Later, when he questioned the subjects, almost all of them said they had no sense that someone was staring at them.For the second experiment, Baker told the subjects that they would be stared at from time to time from behind a two way mirror in a laboratory setting. The people had to write do

25、wn when they felt they were being stared at and when they werent. Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were stared at and when they werent .Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were started at than if they had just guessed.Baker concludes tha

26、t people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at.If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”68. The purpose of the two experiments is to .A. explain when eople can have a sixth senseB. show how p

27、eople act while being watched in the labC. study whether humans can sense when they are stared atD. prove why humans have a sixth sense69.In the first experiment, the subjects .A. were not told that they would be stared atB. lost their sense when they were stared at C. were not sure when they would

28、be stared atD. were uncomfortable when they were stared at70.The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .A. valuB. resultC. performanceD. connection71. What can be learned from the passage?A. People are born with a sixth sense.B. The experiments support parapsychologists

29、idea.C. The subjects do not have a sixth sense in the experiments.D. People have a sixth sence in public places.【答案】CABCPassage 72(05全國(guó)、全國(guó)D篇)You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temperature But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first ev

30、acuation（撤離）of an island nationthe citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.During the 20th century ,sea level rose 812 inches. As a result .Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the countrys drinking water.Paani Laupepa , a Tuvaluan government official

31、 ,reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years .Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damagingtorms.Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the Uni

32、ted States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions（導(dǎo)致溫室效應(yīng)的氣體排放）,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement ,the US has effectively taken away the freedom of futu

33、re generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years,” Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries .Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable （易受影響的）to rising sea levels .Ma

34、umoon Gayoon ,president of the Maldives ,told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”.54The text is mainly about .Arapid changes in earths temperatureBbad effects of global warmingCmoving of a country to a new placeDreasons for lowland flooding55

35、According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels56Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .Aagree to reduc

36、e its greenhouse gas emissionsBsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the USDbelieve the problems facing Tuvalu were real57The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is .AAustralia BNew Zealan Cthe Maldives Dthe United States答案 54.A 55.A 56.D 57.BPassage 73(05天津D篇)The

37、 scene in the Hollywood movie The Day After Tomorrow, whem global warming could soon turn the global climate (氣候) into a new ice age, may never occur, according to new research.The next ice age could be 15,000 years away, say European scientists who last month announced a continuous record of 7.40,0

38、00 years of climate data (數(shù)據(jù)) obtained from the Antarctic ice. Scientists from 10 nations have now almost completely drilled through a 3,000-meter.depth of ice high in the Antarctic mainland. They figure out that the area where summer temperatures can fall to 40, has at least 900,000 years of snowfa

39、lls, kept as neatly as the growth rings of a tree. And the ice and air caught in each layer(層) have begun to answer questions about the climates in the past.The results show that there have been eight ice ages in the past 740, 000 years and eight warmer periods. And by comparing the pattern of globa

40、l conditions today with those of the past, the researchers reported in Nature that the present warm period could last another 15, 000 years.Research suggests that there is a very close connection between greenhouse gas levels and global average temperatures. It also shows that carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)

41、levels are the highest for at least 440,000 years. If people say to you: the greenhouse effect is a good thing because we would go into an ice age otherwise, our data say no, a new ice age is not hanging over our heads,”said Eric Wolff from the British Antarctic Survey. Now we have eight examples of

42、 how the climate goes in and out of ice ages and you can learn what the rules are that go into the climate models that tell us about the future.Scientists found that whenever temperatures rose in the frozen record, so did carbon dioxidelevel. In 440,000 years we have never seen greenhouse gas get as

43、 thick as it is today, said DrWolff.48. In drilling through the ice in Antarctica, scientists, have found that_. A. the lowest temperature there is 40 B. the depth of ice is 3,000 meters C. the ice has existed for 15,000 years D. snowfalls are kept in certain patterns49. The information of the globa

44、l climate conditions in the past can be obtained through_. A. separating carbon dioxide from the air B. examining the growth rings of trees C. comparing temperatures in different areas D. studying the ice and air caught in each layer50. We can infer from Eric Wolffs words that_. A. there is somethin

45、g wrong with the data B. greenhouse effect is always a bad thing C. a new ice age will not come in the near future D. greenhouse gas will get thick in the future51. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Research over the Antarctic area. B. Warm period to last about 15, 000 years. C. Repor

46、t on the eight ice ages in the past.D. Hollywood movies and the global climate.答案 48.D 49.D 50.C 51.BPassage 74(05山東E篇)A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months. The system, c

47、alled driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue. Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drivers or pilots gives o

48、ut a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盤(pán)). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the drivers response. Tiredness is directly related to a drivers

49、 response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy. In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window o

50、r stop for a rest. If the drivers response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warms that the driver must stop as soon as possible. The device has been delivered to the departments laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months time, are

51、successful, the markers will bring the product to market within about a year.72. According to the text, Driver Alert _. A. aims to reduce tiredness-related accidents B. has gone through testing at laboratories C. aims to prevent drivers from sleeping D. has been on sale for 12 months73. How should a

52、 driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert? A. By sounding a warning B. By touching the wristband C. By checking the driving time D. By pressing the steering wheel74. We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is _.A. About 400 milliseconds B. be

53、low 500 millisecondsC. over 500 milliseconds D. about 400 minutes75. When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert _.A. moves more regularlyB. stops working properlyC. opens the window for the driverD. sounds more frequently and loudly答案 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.DPassage 75(05江蘇D篇)Animals can mov

54、e from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, itcan run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. Butplants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means. Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. Fo

55、r example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and

56、 hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animals teeth. Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an

57、attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛蟲(chóng)) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar. Many plants depend on bo

58、th physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, forinstance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.68. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leav

59、es because most animals_. A. are not tall enough B. like the lower leaves only C. are not clever enough D. can get the lower leaves easily69. To defend themselves, oak trees use_. A. chemical means B. physical means C. bitter chemicals D. sandy materials70. How does tobacco protect itself against an

60、 attack from a caterpillar?A. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.71. What would be th