人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修三課件ppt

1、Unit4 Words1. in time: sooner or later; eventually 遲早；最后；終于in time (for sth/to do sth): not late 及時(shí)；不遲She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她來(lái)得及回來(lái)準(zhǔn)備晚飯。Ill see him in time.總有一天我會(huì)遇見(jiàn)他。in/out of time: in/not in the correct time 合/不合節(jié)拍The audience clapped in time to the music.觀(guān)眾合著音樂(lè)的節(jié)拍拍手。be harmful

2、 to 對(duì)有害 do harm to sb. = do sb. harm 傷害某人，對(duì)某人有害處 1) Pollution is especially harmful to animals. 2) Smoking will do you a lot of harm. It does no harm (for sb.) to doIt does no harn for you to open the window.There is no harm in (sb.s) doing sth.There is no harm in (your) opening the window.2.3.multi

3、ply (數(shù)目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖 1) Our problems have multiplied since last year. 2) 2 and 5 multiply to make 10. 4) The plants here multiply rapidly. 3) 6 multiplied by 5 is 30.= Multiply 6 by 5 to make 30.4.prevent sb from (doing) sth=stop sb from doing sth阻止.做.” 在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中from可以省略，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不行。 How to prevent/stop

4、this (from) happening.Its nationals may be prevented/stopped from leaving the country.keep sb from doing sth中的from無(wú)論在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中還是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中都不能省略?！?阻止.做.”,如果省略from,意思為讓某人一直做某事He kept me from getting hurt.He kept me doing homework.5.puzzle n. 謎；難題 v. （使）迷惑；（使）為難Its puzzles me.feel/ be puzzled about sth. 對(duì)某事感到迷

5、惑puzzle over/ about sth. 對(duì)某事苦苦思索 這個(gè)字母使我迷惑不解。This letter puzzles me. 她對(duì)她的未來(lái)感到迷惑。She felt puzzled about her future. 他昨晚冥思苦想一道數(shù)學(xué)題。He puzzled over/ about a math problem last night.puzzling adj. 使迷惑的 puzzled adj. 迷惑的；困惑的6.break out vt.& vi.（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、打斗等不愉快事件）突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā); 突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā); 向外砸開(kāi);也可以表示突然大聲叫喊等。 The war broke o

6、ut in 1937.A fire break out last night. She broke out, “That is too unfair!”take place 表示“發(fā)生、舉行、舉辦”，一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。例如： The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing. happen 作“發(fā)生、碰巧”解，常指具體事件的發(fā)生，特別指那些偶然的或未能預(yù)見(jiàn)的“發(fā)生”，一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件。例如： A storm happened across the river in another co

7、untry.occur 作“發(fā)生、想到、突然想起”解，其意義相當(dāng)于 happen。例如： What has occurred? (= What has happened?) come about 表示“發(fā)生、產(chǎn)生”，多指事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，但還不知道為什么，常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。例如： When Mother woke up, she didnt know what had come about. ReadingWhats the meaning of the word “Astronomy”?I. Warming up行星the science of stars;2. Do you know t

8、he following terms? star, planet, the sun / moon / earth, solar system太陽(yáng)系 3. How many planets are in the solar system? 8恒星PlutoScientists now think Pluto is too small to be called a planet.4. Do you know the correct order of their distance to the sun? nearest to the sun? farthest to the sun?5. The n

9、ames of eight planets.Mercury m:kjri VenusEarthMarsJupiter du:pt SaturnstnUranus jrnsNeptune neptu:n, -tju:n1) 水星2) 金星3) 地球4) 火星5) 木星6) 土星7) 天王星8) 海王星In this unit, well learn something more scientific.1.Whats the title of the text?2. From the title, we can predict that the text may tell us the origi

10、n of life on the earth.Do you know some stories about it?How life began on the earthPangu separates the sky from the earth. Nvwa made humans.1. When did the “Big Bang” happen?Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.2. What form was the earth after the “Big Bang”?3. What made up the earths

11、atmosphere4. How did water come into being on the earth?5. Whats the significance of the presence of water on the earth?6.What was important to the development of fish?7. What made possible the rise of mammals on the earth?8. Why are mammals different from all life forms in the past?1. When did the

12、“Big Bang” happen? It happened several billion years ago.Scanning Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.2. What form was the earth after the “Big Bang”? The earth was still just a cloud of dust.3. What made up the earths atmosphere after the earth exploded? Carbon, nitrogen, water vapour

13、 and other gases. 4. How did water come into being on the earth? As the earth cooled down after it exploded, water came into being.5. Whats the significance of the presence of water on the earth? It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.6. What was important

14、to the development of fish? oxygen. 7. What made possible the rise of mammals on the earth? The disappearance of dinosaurs made the possible the rise of mammals on the earth.8. Why are mammals different from all life forms in the past? They gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed

15、them.Close readingI. Read the passage carefully and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para. 1 The formation (形成) of the earth.Para. 2 The importance of water for life.Para. 3 A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Para. 4 The arrival of humans and their impact on the ear

16、th. Para. 5 The development of plants and animals on the earth. Detailed readingStage 1 : The development of the earthStage 2 : The development of life(para 13)(para 45)Stage 1: The development of the earth(1) After the Big Bang, what was the earth like? a cloud of dust a solid globe exploded with f

17、ire and rock produced water vapour and gases(2) What happened next?(3) What did the water vapour and gases form?the earths atmosphere Water appeared(4) What appeared as the earth cooled down?water is important for the beginning of life on the earth. Why is water so important for the beginning of lif

18、e? Because water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into oceans and seas.？Stage2 The development of life small plants appears in water 1.What life developed after water appeared?Shellfish and all sorts of fish 2.What life developed in water next? green plants began to grow on land insects a

19、ppeared3.What about the life on land?amphibians on land and in the waterforests4. What life developed next on land? reptiles appeared dinosaur developed 5.What life developed after forests appeared?mammals on land6.What life developed after dinosaurs? small clever animals7. What life developed after

20、 mammals? 1.Who are the small clever animals with hands and feet? 2. Are they taking care of the earth well? Why? ? Because they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.The earth may become too hot to live on .Can you fill

21、in the blanks?23456789101 small plants in watershellfish and all sorts of fish insects reptilesamphibiansmammalsdinosaurs humansplantsanimalsGreen plants on landforests1. Insects and amphibians appeared. 3. The earth became a solid ball.5. Reptiles appeared. 7. The earth was a cloud of dust9. Shellf

22、ish and other fish appeared.11. Clever animals with hands and feet appeared2. Dinosaurs appeared. 4.Small plants grew on the water.6. Plants began to grow on dry land.8. Water appeared on the earth10. The universe began with a “Big Band”.12. Mammals appeared.831091151741262Can you put the order of d

23、evelopment of life into a time line?Ex.2 on P27III. Fill in the blanks in the following form.TimeWhat happenedBig Bang_ began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.AtomsBetween 4.5 and 3.8 billion years agoDust settled into a solid and _ globe.The earth exploded to produce its _.The c

24、ontinued _ of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and _ into the oceans and seas.violentatmospherepresenceacidsMany millions of years laterThe first small plants on the surface of the water produced _.Early _ and all sorts of fish appeared.Green plants began to grow on land. Insects an

25、d _ appeared.oxygenshellfishamphibiansMany millions of years later_ appeared and they laid eggs.Dinosaurs developed, laid eggs and _ for more than 140 million years.Mammals rose and _ babies.Reptilesexistedgave birth toAbout 2.6 million years agoSome small _ animals with hands and feet appeared and

26、spread all over the earth.NowHumans produce too much carbon _, making the earth too hot.cleverdioxideIV. True (T) or False (F).1. The earth appeared before the Big Bang happened.2. The original atmosphere consisted of nitrogen and oxygen. 3. The main difference between the earth and other planets is

27、 that there is water on the earth. 4. Life began in water and then on land.FFTT5. Mammals appeared before the development of dinosaurs.6. Dinosaurs could give birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. 7. Human beings produce too much carbon dioxide which causes the global warming o

28、n the earth. 8. According to the text, human beings would disappear in the end. FFTF賓語(yǔ)從句Object Clause表語(yǔ)從句Predicative主語(yǔ)從句Subject Clasuse同位語(yǔ)從句Appositive Clause名詞性從句N(xiāo)oun Clause 從句一律保持陳述語(yǔ)序。主語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句

29、又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句(Subject Clause)、賓語(yǔ)從句(Object Clause)、表語(yǔ)從句(Predicative Clause) 和同位語(yǔ)從句(Appositive ClauseWho will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)叫主語(yǔ)從句。常用引

30、導(dǎo)詞：連接詞： that(無(wú)詞義) whetherThat he will come and help us is certain.Whether we stay or not makes no difference.連接代詞: who(ever) whom what(ever) which(ever) whoseWho will go to the energy conference is not important.連接副詞：when where how why When and where the test will be given is not decided.1. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連

31、詞是不能省略的。 That the earth is round is true2. That-從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：It is true that the earth is round.結(jié)構(gòu)：Attentiona. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that 很明顯b. It + be + p.p.+ that-從句It is believed that人們相信It is known to all that從所周知It

32、has been decided that已決定c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)It is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實(shí)是d. It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起2.表示“是否”意義時(shí)，一般用whether 而不用 if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句， Whether she will come or not is still a question3.有時(shí)可

33、用形式主語(yǔ)it 代替主語(yǔ)從句： e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not . It has not been decided yet when they will start .4.無(wú)論主語(yǔ)從句有多長(zhǎng)，一般做單數(shù)處理。 e.g. When we will start has not been decided yet. . 注意： 以what開(kāi)始的主語(yǔ)從句如果后面的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，系動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What he wants to buy are three books and two pens. 1.It is obvio

34、us to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that2. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who練一練！ 3.It is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over. A. since B. what C.when D.

35、whether練一練！ _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who _the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It

36、 賓語(yǔ)從句一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)就叫賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞： that(無(wú)詞義) whether ife.g. I dont know whether (if)you are willing to help me . 連接代詞：what(ever) who(ever) whose which(ever) 等連接副詞： when where how why等特別提示1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分。Im glad that you have passed the exam .2. 有些詞或詞組如hate, love,enjoy,dislike, feel like,

37、appreciate, take(認(rèn)為),rely on, dont mind等，習(xí)慣上后面跟it做形式賓語(yǔ)，再接賓語(yǔ)從句。I take it that you will agree with us.3.在接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中，為了保持句子平衡，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將從句放在句尾。常帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：make/find/see/hear/feel/think等。I think it necessary that I take plenty of water every day.4. 某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如insist，order，request，suggest等。I sugges

38、ted that we (should) start before 5 o clock.5.必須用whether 引導(dǎo)， 不可用if:1).從句后有ornot時(shí)，不可用if : I dont know whether he will come or not .2).介詞賓語(yǔ)通常用 whether 引導(dǎo): It depends on whether he is coming or not . 3). 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 4).discuss 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句解釋為是否用whetherImagine you are i

39、n this situation, and discuss whether you should do something at once.5)主語(yǔ)從句放在句首Whether we stay or not makes no difference.6）表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句The question is whether we can get thereon time .7)當(dāng)it做形式主語(yǔ)whether / if 都可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.6. 用who，whom, which(ever

40、), whose,when,what(ever), where, why, how, whoever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。 Do you know how old he is?I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。7. think, believe, imagine, suppose等動(dòng)詞引起的

41、否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲?。例如：We dont think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。如果主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)反意疑問(wèn)句常與從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致；其他情況看主句。例如：I dont believe she has been to Australia, has she? 我認(rèn)為她沒(méi)去澳大利亞，是嗎？I dont believe that he can translate this book, ? She thinks that her hu

42、sband is the best one in the team, ？can hedoesnt sheI doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. I dont doubt that we will win the match.Do you doubt that he did it on his own? doubt問(wèn)題肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用 that 疑定句中用 that I doubt _he is telling the truth. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried o

43、ut .Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?Im doubtful _ he will agree to this. if / whether that that if / whether賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，第二個(gè)that不能??；（2）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she wo

44、rks harder than the others do. 賓語(yǔ)從句He asked _ for a violin（MET1992） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. (NMET1997) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever3. She is very dear to u

45、s. We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life. A .whichever B. however C .whatever D. whoever 4. The true value of life is not in _, but _.A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give5. Have you seen Mary late

46、ly? My boss wants to know _.A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along6. I dont doubt _ hell come. A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether7. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. A. if B. where C. whether D

47、. that表語(yǔ)從句一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)就叫表語(yǔ)從句. 連接詞:that/whether/as if/as though/because連接代詞：who/whom/what/which/whose連接副詞：when/where/how/whyThe problem is that I am short of money. The question is how we can get there .It looks as if it is going to rain.特別提醒1. 主句的主語(yǔ)是advice,suggestion,order，request等名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要虛擬。Hi

48、s suggestion is that we (should) go now.2.主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句常用that；若表原因用because，表結(jié)果用why.The reason for his absence was that he was ill.He forgot it. That was why he didnt call me.He didnt call me. That was because he forgot it.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the seriou

49、s disease soon（上海01年春季招生） A. when B. how C. whether D. why I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)A. why B. what C. when D. where 3. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that 4. Go and get your coatIts _ you left it A. where B. there C. here where D. where there 5. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be6.The problem is_ he has enough time.A. if B. whether C./ D. that wh