大學(xué)體驗英語綜合教程3課文原文

1、Unit1:PassageA:CareforOurMotherEarth(Dr.McKinleyofAwarenessMagazineinterviewsagroupofexpertsonenvironmentalissues.)Dr.McKinley:Whatdoyouthinkisthebiggestthreattotheenvironmenttoday?AmanMotwane:Thebiggestthreattoourenvironmenttodayisthewaywe,ashumanbeings,seeourenvironment.Howweseeourenvironmentshape

2、sourwholeworid.Mostofusseeeverythingasindependentfromoneanother.Buttherealityisthateverythingispartofoneinterconnected,interrelatedwhole.Forexample,atreemayappearisolated,butinfactitaffectsandisaffectedbyeverythinginitsenvironment-sunshine,rain,wind,birds,minerals,otherplantsandtrees,you,me.Thetrees

3、hapesthewindthatblowsaroundit;itisalsoshapedbyhatwind.Lookattherelationshipbetweenthetreeanditsenvironmentandyouwillseethefutureofthetree.Mostofusareblindtothisinterconnectednessofeverything.Thisiswhywedontseetheconsequencesofouractions.ItistimeforeachofustoopenoureyesandseetheworIdasitreallyis-onec

4、ompletewholewhereeverycausehasaneffect.Dr.McKinley:HelloDr.Semkiw.Inyourresearch,whatenvironmentalissuesdoyoufindmostpressing?WalterSemkiw:Twoenvironmentalissuesthatwefindmostpressingaredeforestingandglobalwarming.Mankindhasnowcutdownhalfofthetreesthatexisted10,000yearsago.Thelossoftreesupsetstheeco

5、systemastreesarenecessarytobuildtopsoil,maintainrainfallindryclimates,purifyundergroundwaterandtoconvertcarbondioxidetooxygen.Treesbringwaterupfromtheground,allowingwatertoevaporateintotheatmosphere.Theevaporatedwaterthenreturnsasrain,whichisvitaltoareasthatarenaturallydry.Areasdownwindofdeforestedl

6、andslosethissourceofrainfallandtransformintodeserts.Globalwarmingresultsfromtheburningoffossilfuels,suchaspetroleumproducts,resultinginthereleaseofgreenhousegassesintotheatmosphere.Carbondioxideandothergreenhousegassesthenresultinginthetrapheat,resultinginwarmingofouratmosphere.Dr.McKinley:Mr.Nacson

7、,thanksforparticipatingallthewayfromAustralia!WhatdoyousuggestthereadersofAwarenessMagazinecandotohelptheenvironmentalproblem?LeonNacson:Thesimplestwaytohelptheenvironmentisnottoimpactonit.Treadaslightlyasyoucan,takingaslittleaspossible,andputtingbackasmuchasyoucan.Dr.McKinley:Whatisyourspecificarea

8、ofconcernregardingthecurrentandfuturestateoftheenvironment?LeonNacson:AirandwaterpollutionareourNumberOnepriorities.Itishardtounderstandthatwearepollutingtheairwebreatheandthewaterwedrink.Thesearetwoelementsthatarenotinexhaustible,andwemustrealizethatoncewereachthepointofnoreturn,therewillbenothingl

9、eftforfuturegenerations.Dr.McKinley:Mr.Desai,whatanhonoritistohavethopportunitytointerviewyou.Canyoupleaseshareyourwisdomwithourreadersandtelluswhereyouseetheenvironmentalcrisisheading?AmritDesai:Wearenotseparatefromtheproblem.Wearetheproblem.Welivedividedlives.Ononehand,weaskindustriestcsupportourg

10、reedformoreandmoreconveniences,comfortandpossessions.Wehavebecomeaddictedconsumers,whichcausesindustrialwaste.Atthesametime,weignoreourconnectionbetweenourdemandsandtheexploitationofMotherEarth.Whenwearegreedyformorethanwhatweneedforourwellbeing,wealwaysabusetheresourcesofourbodyandtheearth.Wearenur

11、turedbythehealthyconditionofMotherEarth.Inhumans,ifthemotherisailing,thechildsuffers.Wearethecauseoftheailingplanetandwearethevictims.Dr.McKinley:Inclosing,Ithankalloftheparticipants.IhavelearnedagreatdealaboutwhatIcandoasanindividualtohelptheenvironment.IhopetheseinterviewsencouragethereadersofAwar

12、enessMagazinetotakeactionanddevelopyourownstrategy.ToomanyofusjustsitbackandsayIlllettheexpertsdealwithit.Meanwhile,wearekillingtheplanet.Myaimofthisinterviewistoshowhowonepersoncanmakeadifference.Thankstoallforofferingyourwisdom.Unit1:PassageB:FrogStoryAcoupleofoddthingshavehappenedlately.Ihavealog

13、cabininthosesamewoodsofNorthernWisconsin.Ibuiltitbyhandandalsoaddedagreenhousetothefrontofit.Itisajoytolivein.Infact,Iworkoutofmyhomedoingaudioproductionandenvironmentalwork.AsatoolofthattradeIhaveacomputerandastudio.Ialsohaveatreefrogthathastakenupresideneeinmystudio.Howodd,Ithought,lastNovemberwhe

14、nIfirstnoticedhimsittingatopmysoundboardovermycomputer.Ifiguredthathe(andIsayhe,thoughIreallydonthaveaclueifsheisaheorviceversa)wouldbemorecomfortableinthegreenhouse.SoIputhiminthegreenhouse.Backhecame.Andstayed.AfterawhileIgotquiteusedtothefactthatasIwouldcheckmymorningemailandon-linenews,hewouldbe

15、therewithmesurveyingtheworId.Then,lastweek,ashewasclimbingaroundlookinglikeasmallgray/greenhuman,Istartedtowonderabouthim.So,thereIwas,workinginmystudioandmycomputerwashummingalong.IhadtostopwhenTreeFrogwentacrossmyview.Hestoppedandturnedaroundandjustsattherelookingatme.Well,Isatbackandlookedathim.F

16、orfivemonthsnowhehadbeenridingtherewithmeandIwassuddenlyovertakenbyanurgetoknowwhyhewasthereandnotinthegreenhouse,whereIfiguredhedliveahappierfroglife.Whyareyouhere,Ifoundmyselfaskinghim.AsIlookedathim,deadon,hiseyeslookeddirectlyatmeandIheardatone.Thetoneseemedtohitmerightinthecenterofmymind.Itsoun

17、dedverynearlylikethesameoneasmycomputer.InthattoneIcouldhearhimsaytome,BecauseIwantyoutounderstand.Yo.Thatwasweird.Understandwhat?,mymindjumpedin.Then,afteramomentoffeelingthiscommunication,IfeltIunderstoodwhyhewasthere.Icametounderstanthatfrogssimplywanttohearotherfrogsandtocommunicate.Possiblythet

18、oneofmycomputersoundedtohimlikeothertreefrogs.Interesting.Ikeptworking.Iwasworkingonastoryaboutglobalclimatechangeandhadjustreceivedafaxfromafriend.Thefaxsaidthattheearthiswarmingat1.9degreeseachdecade.AtthatrateIknewthatthemapletreesthatIlovetotapeachspringforsyrupwouldnotsurviveformychildren.Mybea

19、utifulWisconsinwouldbecomeaprairiebythenextgeneration.AtthatmomentTreeFrogleapedacrossmyfootandsatonthefloorinfrontofmycomputer.Hethenreacheduphishandtohisleftearandcuppedtihere.Hesatbeforethecomputerandreacheduphisrighthandtohisotherear.Heturnedhisheadthiswayandthatlisteningtothattone.Veryfocused.H

20、ethenbegantoturnaverysubtle,butbrilliantshadeofgreenandleapedfullforceontothecomputer.AndthenIrememberedthestoryaboutthefrogsthatIhadheardlastyearonpublicradio.ItsaidfrogsweredyingaroundtheworId.Itsaidthatbecausefrogsskinislikealungturnedinsideouttheirskinwasbeingaffectedbypollutionandglobalclimatec

21、hange.Itsaidthatfrogswerebeingfoundwhoseskinwaslikepaper.Alldriedup.Itsaidthatfrogsareanindicatorspecies.Thatfrogswilldiefirstbecauseofthesensitivity.Then,Iunderstood.Thefrogshaveamessageforusanditisthesamemessagethatsomesoberfolkshavehadforus.Therearenomorechoices.Wehavereachedthetimewhenwemustbeth

22、eadultsfortheplanet,forthesakeofthefuturegenerationsofhumanandforfrogs.Becausewearerelated.ThenIunderstoodthattherearenoboundaries,thatthereisnomoretime.Thatwe,forthesakeofourrelativesmustactnow.AndthenIunderstood,notonlywhythefrogwasthere,but,alsowhyIamhereUnit2:PassageA:EinsteinsCompassYoungAlbert

23、wasaquietboy.Perhapstooquiet,thoughtHermannandPaulineEinstein.Hespokehardlyatalluntilage3.Theymighthavethoughthimslow,buttherewassomethingelseevident.Whenhedidspeak,hedsaythemostunusualthings.Atage2,Paulinepromisedhimasurprise.Albertwasexcited,thinkingshewasbringinghimsomenewfascinatingtoy.Butwhenhi

24、smotherpresentedhimwithhisnewbabysisterMaja,allAlbertcoulddoisstarewithquestioningeyes.Finallyheresponded,wherearethewheels?WhenAlbertwas5yearsoldandsickinbed,HermannEinsteinbroughtAlbertadevicethatdidstirhisintellect.Itwasthefirsttimehehadseenacompass.Helaythereshakingandtwistingtheoddthing,certain

25、hecouldfoolitintopointingoffinanewdirection.Buttryashemight,thecompassneedlewouldalwaysfinditswaybacktopointinginthedirectionofnorth.Awonder,hethought.TheinvisibleforcethatguidedthecompassneedlewasevideneetoAlbertthattherewasmoretoourworIdthatmeetstheeye.Therewassomethingbehindthings,somethingdeeply

26、hidden.SobeganAlbertEinsteinsjourneydownaroadofexplorationthathewouldfollowtherestofhislife.Ihavenospecialgift,hewouldsay,Iamonlypassionatelycurious.AlbertEinsteinwasmorethanjustcuriousthough.Hehadthepatieneeanddeterminationthatkepthimatthingslongerthanmostothers.Otherchildrenwouldbuildhousesofcardu

27、pto4storiestallbeforethecardswouldlosebalaneeandthewholestructurewouldcomefallingdown.MajawatchedinwonderasherbrotherAlbertmethodicallybuilthiscardbuildingsto14stories.Laterhewouldsay,ItsnotthatImsosmart,itsjustthatIstaywithproblemslonger.OneadvantageAlbertEinsteinsdevelopingmindenjoyedwastheopportu

28、nitytocommunicatewithadultsinanintellectualway.Hisuncle,anengineer,wouldcometothehouse,andAlbertwouldjoininthediscussions.Histhinkingwasalsostimulatedbyamedicalstudentwhocameoveronceaweekfordinnerandlivelychats.Atage12,AlbertEinsteincameuponasetofideasthatimpressedhimasholy.ItwasalittlebookonEuclide

29、anplanegeometry.Theconceptthatonecouldprovetheoremsofanglesandlinesthatwereinnowayobviousmadeanindescribableimpressionontheyoungstudent.Headoptedmathematicsasthetoolhewouldusetopursuehiscuriosityandprovewhathewoulddiscoveraboutthebehavioroftheuniverse.Hewasconvincedthatbeautyliesinthesimplistic.Perh

30、apsthisinsightwastherealpowerofhisgenius.AlbertEinsteinlookedforthebeautyofsimplicityintheapparentlycomplexnatureandsawtruthsthatescapedothers.Whiletheexpressionofhismathematicsmightbeaccessibletoonlyafewsharpmindsinthescienee,Albertcouldcondensetheesseneeofhisthoughtssoanyonecouldunderstand.Forinst

31、anee,histheoriesofrelativityrevolutionizedscieneeandunseatedthelawsofNewtonthatwerebelievedtobeacompletedescriptionofnatureforhundredsofyears.Yetwhenpressedforanexamplethatpeoplecouldrelateto,hecameupwiththis:Putyourhandonahotstoveforaminuteanditseemslikeanhour.Sitwithaprettygirlforanhouranditseemsl

32、ikeaminute.THATSrelativity.AlbertEinsteinswealthofnewideaspeakedwhilehewasstillayoungmanof26.In1905hewrote3fundamentalpapersonthenatureoflight,aproofofatoms,thespecialtheoryofrelativityandthefamousequationofatomicpower:E=mc2.Forthenext20years,thecuriositythatwassparkedbywantingtoknowwhatcontrolledth

33、ecompassneedleandhispersisteneetokeeppushingforthesimpleanswersledhimtoconnectspaceandtimeandfindanewstateofmatter.Whatwashisultimatequest?IwanttoknowhowGodcreatedthisworId.IwanttoknowHisthoughts;therestaredetails.Unit2:PassageB:TheWake-upCallfromStockholmTheWake-upCallfromStockholmThesearethelast20

34、minutesofpeaceinyourlife,theSwedishcallertoldCaltechprofessorAhmedZewailat5:40a.m.onOctober12.SoontheworIdwouldhearofZewailsaward-the1999NobelPrizeinchemistry-andZewailwouldhearfromtheworId.Twothousande-mailswouldzoomhiswaywithinafewdaysandthreephonelineswouldstartringingwitheagerrequestsforintervie

35、wsfromthenationalandEgyptianpressandwithcongratulationsfromfriendsandcolleagues.Butfirst,the53-year-oldmanwouldsharethenewswithhisfamily.Hekissedhiswife,Dema,andyoungsons,NabeelandHani.Hismother,whomZewailreachedinhisnativeEgypt,criedandcried.Hisdaughters,MahaandAmani,weregoingcrazyonthephone.Icould

36、ntevenspeak,saidZewail.IwasdisappointedinNabeelsreaction,headded.ItoldhimIhadwontheprize.Hesaid,Good.ButwhenZewailaskedifhedtellthekidsatschool,thesix-year-oldsaid,No.TheseguyswillsaySowhat?ButNabeeldidask,Arewegoingtoseetheking?TheRoyalSwedishAcademyhonoredZewailforhisgroundbreakingworkinviewingand

37、studyingchemicalreactionsattheatomiclevelastheyoccur.Hehasshownthatitispossiblewithrapidlasertechniquetoseehowatomsinamoleculemoveduringachemicalreaction.Zewailhadbroughtthemostpowerfultoolsfromthefieldofphysicsintothechemistrylabtocreatearevolution,andthefieldoffemto-chemistrywasborn.Itwasarevoluti

38、oninchemistryandrelatedsciences,theSwedesannounced,sineethistypeofinvestigationallowsustounderstandandpredictimportantreactions,toprobenatureatitsmostfundamentallevel.Zewailisthe27thCaltechfacultymemberoralumnustoreceivetheNobelPrize,andthethirdfacultymembertobesohonoredinthisdecade.Inmyexperienee,s

39、aidZewailafteratumultuousweek,wheneveryoucrossfieldsorbringinnewideasandtools,youfindwhatyoudontexpect.Youopennewwindows.Zewailspathtotheforefrontoftheinternationalscieneearenahasbeenelegantandswift,liketheatomsheobservesperformingmoleculardances.Withawealthofexperienceinhomechemistryprojectsasaboyi

40、nEgypt,hesailedtothetopofhisclassatAlexandriaUniversity.Theclassicalscieneeeducationhereceivedtherepreparedhimforapromisedtenure-trackpositioninthefieldofhischoice:math,physics,chemistry,orgeology,buthedecidedtogethisPhDattheUniversityofPennsylvania-toseethemolecularworidofchemistry.HehadheardofCalt

41、ech,buttothisyoungEgyptian,institutesoundedlessprestigiousthanuniversity.Asitturnedout,PennprovidedtheidealtransitionfromclassicalscieneestudiestothepostdoctoralworkhedidatUCBerkeley.HestayedatBerkeleyforpostdoctoralworkfortworeasons:tothinkmoreaboutresearchratherthanaboutgettingaPhDandthesecretreas

42、on-IwantedtobuyabigAmerieaneartotakebacktoEgyptwithme.AtBerkeley,hepublishedthreepapersimmediatelyandwasadvisedtoapplytothetophandfulofAmericanuniversities.ThemostimportantreasonwhyIdecidedonCaltechwas,oncetheofferwasmade,Iwaswellreceivedbythestaff,administration,andfaculty.Healsofelthecouldmakehiso

43、wnwayspecializingindynamicsinadepartmentstrongonstructure.AndtheMediterraneanclimatedidnthurt.Thatwas1976.Zewailwasoffandrunning,earningtenureinayearandahalf,makingfullprofessorshipby1982,seatedinthePaulingChairby1990.NowwithaNobelPrizeunderhisbelt,whatsnext?Firstofall,Imnotretiring,hesaid.AndImnotg

44、oingtoHollywood.Inthecomingyears,Zewaillooksforwardtomorebreakthroughs.Hewillremainactiveinresearchandinpublishingpapers,whichheconsiderstobehisbabies(363todate).Trackingtheprogressoftwopaperswithinaweekofreceivingtheprize,hereachedasurprisededitorwhosaid,Youonthephone?Impossible!Ithoughtyoudbeoutwi

45、ninganddining.Hewillcontinuetopushtheenvelopeofwhatispossible.Unit3:PassageA:BathtubBattleshipsfromIvorydaleAmericanmothershavelongbelievedthatwhenitcomestowashingoutthemouthsofnaughtychildren,nothingbeatsIvorySoap(aregisteredtrademarkoftheProctor&GambleCompany).Thisisbecauseitsreputationfcbeingsafe

46、,mild,andpureisassolidandspotlessasthemarbleoftheLincolnMemorial.Itdoesnteventasteallthatbad.Andshouldyoudropitintoatubfulofcloudy,child-coloredwater,nottoworry-itfloats.IvorySoapisanAmericaninstitution,aboutaswidelyrecognizedastheWashingtonMonumentandfarmorewellrespectedthanCongress.Ithadaireadyatt

47、ainedthisnoblestatuswhenTheodoreRooseveltwasstillarough-ridingcowboyinNorthDakota.Introducedin1879asaninexpensivewhitesoapintendedtorivalthequalityofimportedsoaps,itwasmassmarketedbymeansofoneofthefirstnationwideadvertisingcampaigns.PeopleweretoldthatIvorywassopurethatitfloats,andthenotiontookhold.A

48、saresult,atleasthalfadozengenerationsofAmericanshavegottenthemselvescleanwithIvory.Somanyhands,faces,andbabybottomshavebeenwashedwithIvorythattheirnumbersbeattheimagination.NotevenProctor&GambleknowshowmanybillionsofbarsofIvoryhavebeensold.Thecompanykeepsaprecisecount,however,ofthebillionsofdollarsi

49、tearns.AnnualsalesofIvorySoap,IvorySnow,Cresttoothpaste,Folgerscoffee,andthehundredsofotherproductsnowmarketedundertheProctor&Gambleumbrellaexceedthirtybilliondollars.Thecompanyhasgrownabitsinceitwasfoundedin1837inCincinnati,Ohio,byapairofimmigrantsnamedWilliamProctorandJamesGamble,eachofwhompledged

50、$3,596.47totheenterprise.FordecadesProctor&Gamblemanufacturedcandlesandsoapinrelativelymodestquantities.Ittookmorethantwentyyearsforsalestotoponemilliondollars,whichtheydidshortlybeforetheCivilWar.Thecompanysbigbreakcamewiththeintroductionofitsfloatingsoapandtherealizationthatanelaborateadvertisingc

51、ampaigncouldturnasimple,thoughhigh-quality,productintoaphenomenon.Thesoapsbrandnamewasliftedfromoutofivorypalaces,aphrasefoundintheBible.SosuccessfulwasthisnewproductandthemarketingeffortthatplaceditinthehandsofnearlyeveryAmericanthatthecompanysoonbuiltanenormousnewfactoryinaplacecalledIvorydale.Pro

52、ctor&GambleneverforgottheadvertisinglessonsitlearnedwithIvory.Forinstanee,itwasamongthefirstmanufacturerstouseradiotoreachconsumersnationwide.In1933Proctor&GamblesOxydolsoappowdersponsoredaradioserialcalledMaPerkins,anddaytimedramaswereforeverafterknownassoapoperas.Overtheyearsthecompanyaddeddozenso

53、fnewproductlinessuchasPrellshampoo,DuncanHinescakemixes,andtheever-presentTide,newandimprovedmanyatime.Tothisday,however,IvorySoapremainsaProctor&Gamblebackboneproduct.Ivoryremainsafavoriteamongconsumers,too,andnowonder.WithabarofIvorySoapinyourhand,youareholdingachunkofmericanhistory.Ifyoulike,youc

54、anevenwashyourhandsandfacewithitandbeassuredthatitisninety-nineandforty-four-one-hundredthspercentpure.Anditfloats.ThelatterqualityofIvorySoapisespeciallyattractivetochildren.Generationsoflittleboysarmedwithtoothpicks,miniatureflags,orleftoverpartsfrommodelships-therearealwaysafew-haveconvertedbarso

55、fIvorySoapintobathtubbattleships.Anoteofwarningforanysmallboyswhomaybereadingthis:Motherstendtofrownonthepractice.Unit3:PassageB:BathtubBattleshipsfromIvorydaleAmericanmothershavelongbelievedthatwhenitcomestowashingoutthemouthsofnaughtychildren,nothingbeatsIvorySoap(aregisteredtrademarkoftheProctor&

56、GambleCompany).Thisisbecauseitsreputationfetreingsafe,mild,andpureisassolidandspotlessasthemarbleoftheLincolnMemorial.Itdoesnteventasteallthatbad.Andshouldyoudropitintoatubfulofcloudy,child-coloredwater,nottoworry-itfloats.IvorySoapisanAmericaninstitution,aboutaswidelyrecognizedastheWashingtonMonume

57、ntandfarmorewellrespectedthanCongress.IthadaireadyattainedthisnoblestatuswhenTheodoreRooseveltwasstillarough-ridingcowboyinNorthDakota.Introducedin1879asaninexpensivewhitesoapintendedtorivalthequalityofimportedsoaps,itwasmassmarketedbymeansofoneofthefirstnationwideadvertisingcampaigns.Peopleweretold

58、thatIvorywassopurethatitfloats,andthenotiontookhold.Asaresult,atleasthalfadozengenerationsofAmericanshavegottenthemselvescleanwithIvory.Somanyhands,faces,andbabybottomshavebeenwashedwithIvorythattheirnumbersbeattheimagination.NotevenProctor&GambleknowshowmanybillionsofbarsofIvoryhavebeensold.Thecomp

59、anykeepsaprecisecount,however,ofthebillionsofdollarsitearns.AnnualsalesofIvorySoap,IvorySnow,Cresttoothpaste,Folgerscoffee,andthehundredsofotherproductsnowmarketedundertheProctor&Gambleumbrellaexceedthirtybilliondollars.Thecompanyhasgrownabitsinceitwasfoundedin1837inCincinnati,Ohio,byapairofimmigran

60、tsnamedWilliamProctorandJamesGamble,eachofwhompledged$3,596.47totheenterprise.FordecadesProctor&Gamblemanufacturedcandlesandsoapinrelativelymodestquantities.Ittookmorethantwentyyearsforsalestotoponemilliondollars,whichtheydidshortlybeforetheCivilWar.Thecompanysbigbreakcamewiththeintroductionofitsflo