專業(yè)學(xué)位論文模板Word

1、授予單位代碼10089學(xué)號(hào)或申請(qǐng)?zhí)栔袊?guó)圖書(shū)分類號(hào)是否保密及密級(jí)否或內(nèi)部?jī)赡闔ebei Medical University碩士學(xué)位論文專業(yè)學(xué)位XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX（中英文）研 究 生：XXXX導(dǎo) 師：XXXXXX+職稱（如有二導(dǎo)在此處填寫(xiě)，如無(wú)刪除此行）專 業(yè)：XXXXXXXX二級(jí)學(xué)院：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX20 xx年 3 月河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)位論文使用授權(quán)及知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬承諾本學(xué)位論文在導(dǎo)師（或指導(dǎo)小組）的指導(dǎo)下，由本人獨(dú)立完成。本學(xué)位論文研究所獲得的研究成果，其知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)歸河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)所有。河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)有權(quán)對(duì)本學(xué)位論文進(jìn)

2、行交流、公開(kāi)和使用。凡發(fā)表與學(xué)位論文主要內(nèi)容相關(guān)的論文，第一署名為單位河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)，試驗(yàn)材料、原始數(shù)據(jù)、申報(bào)的專利等知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)均歸河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)所有。否則，承擔(dān)相應(yīng)法律責(zé)任。研究生簽名： 導(dǎo)師簽章： 二級(jí)學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)蓋章： 年 月 日河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)研究生學(xué)位論文獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明本論文是在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的研究成果，除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注和致謝等內(nèi)容外，文中不包含其他人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫(xiě)的研究成果，指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)此進(jìn)行了審定。本論文由本人獨(dú)立撰寫(xiě)，文責(zé)自負(fù)。研究生簽名： 導(dǎo)師簽章： 年 月 日目 錄（三號(hào)黑體加粗，頂格居中）中文摘要X英文摘要X英文縮寫(xiě)XX研究論文或病例研究/分析XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

3、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX（題目）（如為研究論文，則項(xiàng)目如下）前言XX材料與方法XX結(jié)果XX討論XX結(jié)論XX參考文獻(xiàn)XX附錄（此項(xiàng)有需要的添加，無(wú)需要可不寫(xiě),附錄為研究論文正文附屬內(nèi)容應(yīng)在正文參考文件后添加，如屬于綜述內(nèi)容應(yīng)在綜述參考文件后添加）XX（如為病例研究或病例分析，則項(xiàng)目如下）病例分析XX討論XX結(jié)論XX參考文獻(xiàn)XX綜述 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX致謝XX個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷XX（目錄頁(yè)碼數(shù)字個(gè)位數(shù)對(duì)齊，如16頁(yè)的6與138頁(yè)的8對(duì)齊）從目錄看，左側(cè)定格寫(xiě)的標(biāo)題在正文中都應(yīng)是三號(hào)黑體加粗，頂格居中；而首行縮進(jìn)的標(biāo)題在正文中都應(yīng)是四號(hào)黑體

4、加粗，居中中 文 摘 要（03版楷體_GB2312 小四加粗，每個(gè)字中間空格一下） PAGE 15XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX(三號(hào)黑體加粗居中)摘 要(四號(hào)黑體加粗居中，兩字之間空格兩個(gè)字符)目的：(四號(hào)宋體加粗)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。方法：(四號(hào)宋體加粗) 1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。2XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。結(jié)果：(四號(hào)宋體加粗)1.XXXX

5、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX；2.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX；3.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。結(jié)論：(四號(hào)宋體加粗)1.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。2.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。（提示：此處須空一行） 關(guān)鍵詞(四號(hào)黑體加粗)：Xxxxxxxx， Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx， Xxxxxxxxxxx，Xxxxxxxxxx， Xxxxx（中文摘要中每個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞需用中文半

6、角逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）或：目的：(四號(hào)宋體加粗)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。方法：(四號(hào)宋體加粗)1. XXXXXXXXXXXXXX；2. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。結(jié)果：(四號(hào)宋體加粗)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。結(jié)論：(四號(hào)宋體加粗)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

7、XXXXXXXX。（提示：此處須空一行）關(guān)鍵詞(四號(hào)黑體加粗)：Xxxxxxxx， Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx， Xxxxxxxxxxx，Xxxxxxxxxx， Xxxxx（中文摘要中每個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞需用中文半角逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）或：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

8、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。（提示：此處須空一行）關(guān)鍵詞(四號(hào)黑體加粗)：Xxxxxxxx， Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx， Xxxxxxxxxxx，Xxxxxxxxxx， Xxxxx（中文摘要中每個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞需用中文半角逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）英 文 摘 要XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX(三號(hào)加粗Times New Roman，居

9、中)ABSTRACT（四號(hào)加粗Times New Roman，全單詞大寫(xiě)居中）Objective: (四號(hào)Times New Roman加粗)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。Methods: (四號(hào)Times New Roman加粗)1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。2XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。Results: (四號(hào)Times New Roman加粗)1.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX；2.XXXXXXX

10、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX；3.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。Conclusions: (四號(hào)Times New Roman加粗)1.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。2.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。（提示：此處須空一行） Keywords: (四號(hào)Times New Roman加粗)Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxx（四號(hào) Times New Roman 每個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)，關(guān)鍵詞之間應(yīng)以英文半角逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）或：Obje

11、ctive: (四號(hào)Times New Roman加粗)：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。Methods: (四號(hào)Times New Roman加粗)：1.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX；2. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。Results: (四號(hào)Times New Roman加粗)：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。Conclusions: (四號(hào)Times New Roman加粗)：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

12、XXXXXXXXXXXX。（提示：此處須空一行）Keywords: (四號(hào)Times New Roman加粗)Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxx（四號(hào) Times New Roman 每個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)，關(guān)鍵詞之間應(yīng)以英文半角逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）或：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

13、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。（提示：此處須空一行）Keywords: (四號(hào)Times New Roman加粗)Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxx（四號(hào) Times New Roman 每個(gè)關(guān)鍵

14、詞首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)，關(guān)鍵詞之間應(yīng)以英文半角逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）英 文 縮 寫(xiě) 英文縮寫(xiě)（三號(hào)黑體加粗；居中）英文縮寫(xiě)英文全稱中文全稱XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX此表格邊框已設(shè)置為無(wú)邊框內(nèi)容與標(biāo)題之間空一行；建議表格形式書(shū)寫(xiě)，整齊好調(diào)整(如中英文全稱過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí))；表頭順序?yàn)椋河⑽目s寫(xiě)，英文全稱，中文全稱（四號(hào)宋體加粗）；每列內(nèi)容左對(duì)齊。英文部分

15、的字體為四號(hào)Times New Roman論文首次出現(xiàn)使用全稱，之后可用縮寫(xiě)下圖為表格帶邊框圖樣英文縮寫(xiě)英文全稱中文全稱XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX研 究 論 文XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX(三號(hào)黑體加粗，頂格居中)前 言(四號(hào)黑體加粗，居中)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

16、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX材料與方法(四號(hào)黑體加粗，居中)1XX(當(dāng)有次級(jí)標(biāo)題1.1,2.1時(shí)，所有標(biāo)題需要左對(duì)齊)1.1 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX1.2 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX2XXXXXXXX

17、2.1 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX2.1.1 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX2.1.2 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX2.2 XXXXXXXXXXXXX 1) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX2) XXXXXXXXX3)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX結(jié) 果(四號(hào)黑體加粗，居中)1.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

18、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX（如圖一/見(jiàn)圖1/Fig.1；如表一/見(jiàn)表1/Table 1）。圖1河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)河北醫(yī)科大學(xué) (P 0)Fig.1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.(圖釋)XXXXXXXXXXXX,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.(P 0)或Fig.1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX。(圖

19、釋)A.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX,B.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX,C.XXXXXXXXXXXXX.(P 0) （兩端對(duì)齊）或Fig.1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX.A:XXXXXXXXXXXX,B:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX,C:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.(P 0) 表1河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)Table 1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

20、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX*XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX(P 0)（表格內(nèi)字體應(yīng)為中文四號(hào)宋體，英文四號(hào)Times New Roman;當(dāng)內(nèi)容過(guò)多時(shí)可適當(dāng)調(diào)小字號(hào)或考慮豎版表格）2.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

21、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX(如表二/見(jiàn)表2/Table 2)如果剩余位置過(guò)小時(shí)，建議可將完整圖/表另起一頁(yè)書(shū)寫(xiě)，如果剩余位置相對(duì)多時(shí)可以適當(dāng)調(diào)整圖/表大小放于剩余位置，以圖/表清晰美觀為主。表2河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)Table 2 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

22、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX（表格內(nèi)字體應(yīng)為中文四號(hào)宋體，英文四號(hào)Times New Roman;當(dāng)內(nèi)容過(guò)多時(shí)可適當(dāng)調(diào)小字號(hào)或考慮豎版表格）3.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。如為病例研究或分析，示例如下：XXXXXXXXX(四號(hào)黑體加粗，居中）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

23、XXXXXXXXX。討 論(四號(hào)黑體加粗，居中）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。結(jié) 論(四號(hào)黑體加粗，居中）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX?；?.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。2.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。3.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。參考文獻(xiàn)(四號(hào)黑體加粗，居中）Braun

24、 HP,Emmermann M, Mentzel H, et al Primary structure and expression of a gene encoding thecytosolie ribosomal protein S4 from potato. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1994, 1218:435-438.Lodygin D, Tarasov V, Epanchintsev A, et al. Inactivation of miR-34a by aberrant CpG methylation in multiple types of cancerJ.

25、 Cell Cycle, 2008, 7(16): 2591-2600.Lieberman DA. Clinical practice. Screening for colorectal cancerJ. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(12): 1179-1187.（注意是兩端對(duì)齊，頁(yè)碼中間是短橫線，新羅馬字體）(參考文件設(shè)置方法：選中需要編號(hào)的所有參考文獻(xiàn)后在格式里找項(xiàng)目符號(hào)與編號(hào)，選擇里面的編號(hào)，再選擇正確的模板后選擇確定。)附錄（另起一頁(yè)，四號(hào)黑體左對(duì)齊，兩字之間無(wú)空格）XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX

26、XX XXXX(內(nèi)容不做要求)提示：正文部分各個(gè)內(nèi)容的標(biāo)題與內(nèi)容之間均需控一行，但當(dāng)某一個(gè)標(biāo)題下內(nèi)容，如前言部分的內(nèi)容剛好在一頁(yè)的倒數(shù)3行結(jié)束，空一行的標(biāo)題應(yīng)為材料和方法，材料和方法與其下面的正文內(nèi)容間也要空一行，導(dǎo)致材料和方法的正文不在此頁(yè)，要到下一頁(yè)第一行書(shū)寫(xiě)，此種情況，鑒于行文的美觀，建議把這個(gè)標(biāo)題另起一頁(yè)書(shū)寫(xiě)。例如下面情況建議另起一頁(yè)。 舉例：材料與方法（如標(biāo)題在此位置時(shí)可另起一頁(yè)）改為材料與方法XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

27、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

28、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。表N 河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)TableN XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXNote:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

29、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX舉例：豎版表格參考（此表格可以直接復(fù)制使用，可根據(jù)自己表格內(nèi)容進(jìn)行橫/豎行的添加，字體大小可根據(jù)內(nèi)容多少進(jìn)行調(diào)整，以清晰為準(zhǔn)）綜 述綜述（三號(hào)黑體加粗，頂格左對(duì)齊）XXXXXXXXXXXXXX（三號(hào)黑體加粗，居中）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX